基于多普勒效应法的超声波流量计的研究
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摘要
超声波流量计是最近发展很迅速的一种流量计量计,有着突出的优势,在工业生产,医疗检测,海洋观测,石油勘探等社会生产生活诸多领域有着广泛的应用。国内外的厂商有众多产品问世。然而,由于实地现场的不同和应用情况的复杂,超声波流量计在提高环境的适用性、便携性、稳定性以及改进测量的精度等等方面,还有很多有待进一步研究深化的地方。
本文首先查阅了大量国内外流量计产品基本性能,对超声波流量计基本原理和进行了分析总结,介绍了几种常见的方法,并在此基础上提出了改进的思想;采用以DSP为信号处理核心,以FPGA器件为控制核心,辅以前端模拟电路,以FFT为主要算法的多普勒效应法的超声波流量计的设计方案。
本文完成了整体硬件电路的设计,这其中包括模拟电路方面的超声波的发射、接收、滤波、三级放大和采样,数字电路方面的DSP、FIFO数据缓存、单片机硬件系统的设计以及CPLD的时序控制设计。软件方面完成了CPLD程序的设计,实现了DSP和单片机硬件系统的完整性;完成了DSP在流速计算方面的程序的设计,这其中包括滤波、插值、FFT的软件设计。并对关键的算法用matlab、Simulator、CosmosScope等软件进行了仿真。
The Ultrasonic Flowmeter is one kind of flowmeter which has been developed rapidly recently. It has many advantages and has been widely used in social production and social life, such as manufacturing production, medical treatment, oceanographic observation, Oil exploration and so on many realm. There are plenty of Series Products have been developed in home and abroad. But, to different application areas and situations, further research in this area is required in order to improve the environmental Sustainability, portability, stability and measurement accuracy of the Ultrasonic Flowmeter.
In this paper, we first studied lots of Product Information of foreign Ultrasonic Flowmeter products, researched on their fundamental characteristics, and summed up the fundamental principle of Ultrasonic Flowmeter; then, some approaches of making Ultrasonic Flowmeter was introduced, and the innovative approach was put forward based on these researches-new design of Ultrasonic Flowmeter based on Doppler Effect Method. In this design, DSP was the signal processing core; CPLD was the control core; besides, there is also Front Analog Circuitry; the main algorithm is Fast Fourier Transform.
In the paper, we finished both the hardware design and software design of Ultrasonic Flowmeter. The hardware was consists of analog circuit and digital circuit. The analog circuit includes ultrasonic transmitting, receiving, three stage amplifying and sample circuit. The digital circuit includes the design of DSP, FIFO and the single chip system, and the design of CPLD sequential control. The software of Ultrasonic Flowmeter includes CPLD programming, DSP programming used in calculating velocity of flow, and MCU program module. The whole software system was fully realized which includes the software design of filtering, interpolation, Fast Fourier Transform. The key algorithm of the whole system has been simulated by matlab, matlabSimulator, CosmosScope and so on.
本文首先查阅了大量国内外流量计产品基本性能,对超声波流量计基本原理和进行了分析总结,介绍了几种常见的方法,并在此基础上提出了改进的思想;采用以DSP为信号处理核心,以FPGA器件为控制核心,辅以前端模拟电路,以FFT为主要算法的多普勒效应法的超声波流量计的设计方案。
本文完成了整体硬件电路的设计,这其中包括模拟电路方面的超声波的发射、接收、滤波、三级放大和采样,数字电路方面的DSP、FIFO数据缓存、单片机硬件系统的设计以及CPLD的时序控制设计。软件方面完成了CPLD程序的设计,实现了DSP和单片机硬件系统的完整性;完成了DSP在流速计算方面的程序的设计,这其中包括滤波、插值、FFT的软件设计。并对关键的算法用matlab、Simulator、CosmosScope等软件进行了仿真。
The Ultrasonic Flowmeter is one kind of flowmeter which has been developed rapidly recently. It has many advantages and has been widely used in social production and social life, such as manufacturing production, medical treatment, oceanographic observation, Oil exploration and so on many realm. There are plenty of Series Products have been developed in home and abroad. But, to different application areas and situations, further research in this area is required in order to improve the environmental Sustainability, portability, stability and measurement accuracy of the Ultrasonic Flowmeter.
In this paper, we first studied lots of Product Information of foreign Ultrasonic Flowmeter products, researched on their fundamental characteristics, and summed up the fundamental principle of Ultrasonic Flowmeter; then, some approaches of making Ultrasonic Flowmeter was introduced, and the innovative approach was put forward based on these researches-new design of Ultrasonic Flowmeter based on Doppler Effect Method. In this design, DSP was the signal processing core; CPLD was the control core; besides, there is also Front Analog Circuitry; the main algorithm is Fast Fourier Transform.
In the paper, we finished both the hardware design and software design of Ultrasonic Flowmeter. The hardware was consists of analog circuit and digital circuit. The analog circuit includes ultrasonic transmitting, receiving, three stage amplifying and sample circuit. The digital circuit includes the design of DSP, FIFO and the single chip system, and the design of CPLD sequential control. The software of Ultrasonic Flowmeter includes CPLD programming, DSP programming used in calculating velocity of flow, and MCU program module. The whole software system was fully realized which includes the software design of filtering, interpolation, Fast Fourier Transform. The key algorithm of the whole system has been simulated by matlab, matlabSimulator, CosmosScope and so on.
引文
[1]致峰科技.超声波说明书在线咨询.2006年
[2]J.Kritz,"Ultrasonic Flowmeter System",Instruments and Automation 1955,v.28,n.11 pp.1912-3
[3]邹昊.超声波流量测量新技术fJ1,工业仪表与自动化装置,1995-3
[4]超声波流量计,东方电子集成商务网,产品中心热工测量仪表/超声波流量计,2005.7
[5]同济大学声学教研室.超声工业测量技术[M],上海人民出版社,1979
[6]刘欣荣.流量计[M],水利水电出版社,1984,pp.274-302.
[7]梁国伟等,流量测量技术及仪表,机械工业出版社,2002.6
[8]E.Tabkola,M.Karras,The flowmeter for water using the phase modulation for ultrasonic beams analyzed by cross-correlation,IEEE,ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM,1984;488～492.
[9]L.Prandlt etc.流体力学概论.北京;科学技术出版社,1999
[10]顾金海,叶学干.水声学基础.国防工业出版社,1993
[11]王永生.电子测量学.西安;西北工业大学出版社,1995
[12]肖国有.声信号处理及应用.西安;西北工业大学出版社,1991
[13]段凤增,信号检测理论(第二版),哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001.12
[14]杨小牛等,软件无线电原理与应用,电子工业出版社,2001.1
[15]黄维一等,测试技术——理论与应用,国防工业出版社,1988.10
[16]任晓东,文博编着,CPLD/FPGA高级应用开发指南,电子工业出版社,2003.6
[17]刘和平等编着,TMS320LF240xDSP c语言开发应用,北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.1
[18]M.Fossa.Design and performance of a conductance probe for measuring the liquid fraction in two-phase gas-liquid flows.Flow Measurement and Instrumentation.9(1998)103-109
[19]J K Tugnait.Time delay estimation with unknown spatially correlated Gassian noise,IEEE Trans.Signal Processing,Feb.1993,41;549-558
[20]戴康,《改进超声波流量计的测量方法》,自动化与仪表,1997.4
[21]刘存等,《提高超声波流量计性能的方法》,沈阳工业大学学报,1999.4
[22]左丽,《超声波流量计的误差分析与校正》,自动化与仪表,1999.4
[23]郑宏等,《几种典型的放大器的应用技术》,电子技术应用,1999.8
[24]J K Tugnait.Time delay estimation with unknown spatially correlated Gassian noise,IEEE Trans.Signal Processing,Feb.1993,41;549-558
[25]http;//www.ansoft.com.cn/Productsintroduce/Designer.htm Ansoft公司中文网站Ansoft 产品介绍
[26]刘明健等,《高阻抗前置放大器的设计与研制》,仪表技术与传感器,2000.1
[27]中外集成电路简明速查手册,电子工业出版社,1998
[28]12—Bit,20 MHz Sampling ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONBERTER,Burr-Brown Products from Texas Instruments
[29]丁嘉种,刘凤云.可编程逻辑器件PLD—基本原理·设计技术.应用实例.学苑出版社,1990
[30]MAX538,+5V,Low-Power,Voltage-Output,Serial 12-Bit DACs,MAXIM
[31]SN74ACT7802 1024 × 18 STROBED FIRST-IN,FIRST-OUT MEMORY,Products from Texas Instruments
[32]MAX 7000 Programmable Logic Device Family,Products from Altera
[33]ALTERA器件选型手册,ALTERA COP.
[34]褚振勇等,FPGA设计及应用,西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.7
[35]TMS320VC5509 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manual,Texas Instruments
[36]TMS320VC5509 DSP External Memory Interface(EMIF)Reference Guide,Texas Instruments
[37]刘皖,何道君,谭明编着.清华大学出版社.2006.1
[38]蔡武昌.流量测量应用技术的进展[J],仪器仪表学报,1998
[39]川田裕郎.流量测量手册[M],北京;计量出版社,1982
[40]郑佳春.数字滤波器的设计与DSP上的实现.单片机及嵌入式系统应用,2003
[41]胡玻,万秋玉,周彤.FIR数字滤波器的DSP实现.哈尔滨理工大学学报2004年2月
[42]黄建军.改进超声波流量计性能的研究[J],仪器仪表学报,2000
[43]李广峰.时差法超声波流量计的研究,电测与仪表,2000
[44]王艳霞.利用超声波检测流量高精度系统[J],天津大学学报,2003
[45]孙长柏,吴玉玉.频差式超声波管道流量计[J],工业仪表与自动化装置,1996
[46]Terrence A Grimley.对超声波流量计进行准确度和重复性的试验.国外油田工程,1997
[47]HY57V64162,4 Banks ×1 M ×16Bit Synchronous DRAM,HYNIX
[48]宋万杰.CPLD技术及应用(M),西安电子科学大学出版社,2000
[49]Robert D.Thompson.Digital Electronics;A Simplified Approach[M].BEIJING;Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2003
[50]周立功 夏宇闻等,单片机与CPLD综合应用技术,北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.9
[51]TMS320C54X DSP硬件开发教程,清源科技,机械工业出版社,2003.9
[52]Terrence A Grimley.Ultrasonic Meter Testing For Storage Applications.Southwest Research Institute 1998
[53]尹勇,欧光军,关荣锋.DSP集成开发环境CCS开发指南.北京;北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.11
[54]文玮玮,董金明。数字滤波器在定点DSP上的实现.遥测遥控,2002年1月
[55]吕秀江,辛长字,王先立等.数字低通滤波器的设计与应用
[56]刘敏等.MATLAB通信仿真与应用.北京;北京国防工业出版社.2001
[2]J.Kritz,"Ultrasonic Flowmeter System",Instruments and Automation 1955,v.28,n.11 pp.1912-3
[3]邹昊.超声波流量测量新技术fJ1,工业仪表与自动化装置,1995-3
[4]超声波流量计,东方电子集成商务网,产品中心热工测量仪表/超声波流量计,2005.7
[5]同济大学声学教研室.超声工业测量技术[M],上海人民出版社,1979
[6]刘欣荣.流量计[M],水利水电出版社,1984,pp.274-302.
[7]梁国伟等,流量测量技术及仪表,机械工业出版社,2002.6
[8]E.Tabkola,M.Karras,The flowmeter for water using the phase modulation for ultrasonic beams analyzed by cross-correlation,IEEE,ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM,1984;488～492.
[9]L.Prandlt etc.流体力学概论.北京;科学技术出版社,1999
[10]顾金海,叶学干.水声学基础.国防工业出版社,1993
[11]王永生.电子测量学.西安;西北工业大学出版社,1995
[12]肖国有.声信号处理及应用.西安;西北工业大学出版社,1991
[13]段凤增,信号检测理论(第二版),哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2001.12
[14]杨小牛等,软件无线电原理与应用,电子工业出版社,2001.1
[15]黄维一等,测试技术——理论与应用,国防工业出版社,1988.10
[16]任晓东,文博编着,CPLD/FPGA高级应用开发指南,电子工业出版社,2003.6
[17]刘和平等编着,TMS320LF240xDSP c语言开发应用,北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.1
[18]M.Fossa.Design and performance of a conductance probe for measuring the liquid fraction in two-phase gas-liquid flows.Flow Measurement and Instrumentation.9(1998)103-109
[19]J K Tugnait.Time delay estimation with unknown spatially correlated Gassian noise,IEEE Trans.Signal Processing,Feb.1993,41;549-558
[20]戴康,《改进超声波流量计的测量方法》,自动化与仪表,1997.4
[21]刘存等,《提高超声波流量计性能的方法》,沈阳工业大学学报,1999.4
[22]左丽,《超声波流量计的误差分析与校正》,自动化与仪表,1999.4
[23]郑宏等,《几种典型的放大器的应用技术》,电子技术应用,1999.8
[24]J K Tugnait.Time delay estimation with unknown spatially correlated Gassian noise,IEEE Trans.Signal Processing,Feb.1993,41;549-558
[25]http;//www.ansoft.com.cn/Productsintroduce/Designer.htm Ansoft公司中文网站Ansoft 产品介绍
[26]刘明健等,《高阻抗前置放大器的设计与研制》,仪表技术与传感器,2000.1
[27]中外集成电路简明速查手册,电子工业出版社,1998
[28]12—Bit,20 MHz Sampling ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONBERTER,Burr-Brown Products from Texas Instruments
[29]丁嘉种,刘凤云.可编程逻辑器件PLD—基本原理·设计技术.应用实例.学苑出版社,1990
[30]MAX538,+5V,Low-Power,Voltage-Output,Serial 12-Bit DACs,MAXIM
[31]SN74ACT7802 1024 × 18 STROBED FIRST-IN,FIRST-OUT MEMORY,Products from Texas Instruments
[32]MAX 7000 Programmable Logic Device Family,Products from Altera
[33]ALTERA器件选型手册,ALTERA COP.
[34]褚振勇等,FPGA设计及应用,西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.7
[35]TMS320VC5509 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor Data Manual,Texas Instruments
[36]TMS320VC5509 DSP External Memory Interface(EMIF)Reference Guide,Texas Instruments
[37]刘皖,何道君,谭明编着.清华大学出版社.2006.1
[38]蔡武昌.流量测量应用技术的进展[J],仪器仪表学报,1998
[39]川田裕郎.流量测量手册[M],北京;计量出版社,1982
[40]郑佳春.数字滤波器的设计与DSP上的实现.单片机及嵌入式系统应用,2003
[41]胡玻,万秋玉,周彤.FIR数字滤波器的DSP实现.哈尔滨理工大学学报2004年2月
[42]黄建军.改进超声波流量计性能的研究[J],仪器仪表学报,2000
[43]李广峰.时差法超声波流量计的研究,电测与仪表,2000
[44]王艳霞.利用超声波检测流量高精度系统[J],天津大学学报,2003
[45]孙长柏,吴玉玉.频差式超声波管道流量计[J],工业仪表与自动化装置,1996
[46]Terrence A Grimley.对超声波流量计进行准确度和重复性的试验.国外油田工程,1997
[47]HY57V64162,4 Banks ×1 M ×16Bit Synchronous DRAM,HYNIX
[48]宋万杰.CPLD技术及应用(M),西安电子科学大学出版社,2000
[49]Robert D.Thompson.Digital Electronics;A Simplified Approach[M].BEIJING;Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2003
[50]周立功 夏宇闻等,单片机与CPLD综合应用技术,北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.9
[51]TMS320C54X DSP硬件开发教程,清源科技,机械工业出版社,2003.9
[52]Terrence A Grimley.Ultrasonic Meter Testing For Storage Applications.Southwest Research Institute 1998
[53]尹勇,欧光军,关荣锋.DSP集成开发环境CCS开发指南.北京;北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.11
[54]文玮玮,董金明。数字滤波器在定点DSP上的实现.遥测遥控,2002年1月
[55]吕秀江,辛长字,王先立等.数字低通滤波器的设计与应用
[56]刘敏等.MATLAB通信仿真与应用.北京;北京国防工业出版社.2001