防喷器的声发射检测研究
摘要
在钻井作业中,为了防止井涌和井喷,实现安全高效的勘探开发作业,可靠的井控设备十分重要。防喷器等井口装置,对井控系统安全性能,特别是高压井控系统的工作性能具有举足轻重的作用。目前,对防喷器等井控装置检测内部缺陷主要采用超声波、磁探、渗透等常规检测以及进行耐压试验,难以发现和判定已有裂纹的扩展。
本项目针对防喷器无损检测存在的主要问题,将传统研究方法和现代设计理论及辅助分析手段相结合,以防喷器为研究对象,以现场实际为基础,引入了声发射检测,结合理论研究和实际测试,为防喷器的检测提供依据；研究内容包括声发射布点方案研究、缺陷定位研究、声发射信号参数分析、检测程序方案研究等,优化出防喷器适宜的声发射检测程序、合理的分析方案,分析声发射检测中信号的显示方式,根据防喷器的检测需求,制定出具体采用的显示图形；通过对声发射信号类型的分析,提出排除主要噪声的具体方法；根据连接件多,加载时噪声信号多的情况,提出具体的检测程序；根据设备检测的准确性、及时性的需求特点,提出采用时差定位方式,并研究出多种定位面结合的手段。
通过对本项目的研究工作,有效提高防喷器检测可靠性和工作效率,增强井控工作安全性等方面具有十分重要的意义。
During drilling, it is very important to have a reliable well-controlling equipment in order to prevent welling up and blowing and to realize safe and effective exploration and development. Cellar equipment, such as a BOP, etc. plays a key part in a well-controlling system, especially in a high pressure well-controlling system. At the present, defects inside a BOP are mainly inspected by conventional methods, such as UT, MT, PT, etc. and it bears a pressure test. But. it is difficult to find and determine growth of any existed crack.
The aim of this research item tries to solve the above metioned problem by the combination of traditional research methods, its modern design theoy and auxiliary analysis means. The research contents include arrangements of AE sensors, location of a defect, analysis of AE signal parameters, modes of inspection procedure, etc. We have got an optimal AE inspection procedure and a proper analysis program which could determine suitable display modes of measured signal parameters according to particular inspection requirements and put forward certain measures to eliminate the main noises through analysing the types of the AE signals. Because of the complex structure of a BOP, its loading noise and other special requirements we adopted the time difference location and developed a new location means with the combination of several surface locations.
Through this research item, the reliability of BOP inspetion and its work efficiency have been increasing. The improved security of all well-cotrolling equipment is of great significance.
本项目针对防喷器无损检测存在的主要问题,将传统研究方法和现代设计理论及辅助分析手段相结合,以防喷器为研究对象,以现场实际为基础,引入了声发射检测,结合理论研究和实际测试,为防喷器的检测提供依据；研究内容包括声发射布点方案研究、缺陷定位研究、声发射信号参数分析、检测程序方案研究等,优化出防喷器适宜的声发射检测程序、合理的分析方案,分析声发射检测中信号的显示方式,根据防喷器的检测需求,制定出具体采用的显示图形；通过对声发射信号类型的分析,提出排除主要噪声的具体方法；根据连接件多,加载时噪声信号多的情况,提出具体的检测程序；根据设备检测的准确性、及时性的需求特点,提出采用时差定位方式,并研究出多种定位面结合的手段。
通过对本项目的研究工作,有效提高防喷器检测可靠性和工作效率,增强井控工作安全性等方面具有十分重要的意义。
During drilling, it is very important to have a reliable well-controlling equipment in order to prevent welling up and blowing and to realize safe and effective exploration and development. Cellar equipment, such as a BOP, etc. plays a key part in a well-controlling system, especially in a high pressure well-controlling system. At the present, defects inside a BOP are mainly inspected by conventional methods, such as UT, MT, PT, etc. and it bears a pressure test. But. it is difficult to find and determine growth of any existed crack.
The aim of this research item tries to solve the above metioned problem by the combination of traditional research methods, its modern design theoy and auxiliary analysis means. The research contents include arrangements of AE sensors, location of a defect, analysis of AE signal parameters, modes of inspection procedure, etc. We have got an optimal AE inspection procedure and a proper analysis program which could determine suitable display modes of measured signal parameters according to particular inspection requirements and put forward certain measures to eliminate the main noises through analysing the types of the AE signals. Because of the complex structure of a BOP, its loading noise and other special requirements we adopted the time difference location and developed a new location means with the combination of several surface locations.
Through this research item, the reliability of BOP inspetion and its work efficiency have been increasing. The improved security of all well-cotrolling equipment is of great significance.
引文
1 JB4730-2005承压设备无损检测[S].国家质检总局2005
2沈功田,张万岭.压力容器无损检测技术综述无损检测.2004.26(1)：37-40
3沈功田,段庆儒,周裕峰,等.现场压力容器检验的声发射源[J].无损检测.1999,21(7)：321-325
4沈功田,段庆儒,李帮宪.压力容器声发射技术综述[J].中国锅炉压力容器安全.2000,16(2)：5-9
5杜波夫.金属磁记忆法诊断管路、设备和结构[R].北京：锅炉压力容器检验中心,2002.
6任吉林,等.金属磁记忆检测技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2000.
7蔡国宁.超声导波在液化气管道检测中的应用.无损检测.2005.03：117-118
8 American Society for Nondestruetive Testing. Acoustie Emission Testing.In: Nondestruetive Testing Handbook [M]. Miller Ronnie K,, Mclntine Paul, eds.Columbus： American Society for Nondestruetive Testing,1987.
9沈功田,刘时风、戴光.声发射检测[M].2004.08
10 An Acoustie Emission Method for the in Serviee Detection of Corrosion in Vertical Storage Tanks, Materials Evaluation[J].2002.8 vol.60(8)
11李光海,胡兵.多通道全波形声发射检测系统的研究[J].计算机测量与控.2002.6：355-358
12夏展宏,刘时风.32通道声发射特征参数的实时提取[J].无损检测.2003.08：390-394
13秦国栋,刘志明.声发射测试系统的发展[J].测试技术学报.2004.03：274-280
14沈功田,戴光,刘时风.中国声发射技术发展[J].无损检测.2003,25(6)：302-307
15沈功田.金属压力容器的声发射源特性及识别方法的研究[D].北京：清华大学机械工程系.1998
16刘时风.焊接缺陷声发射检测信号谱估计及人工神经网络模式识别研究[D].北京：清华大学机械工程系.1996.
17戴光.在用压力容器活性缺陷的声发射特性与模糊综合分析[D].杭州：浙江大学化工机械系.1996
18沈功田,段庆儒,周裕峰等.压力容器声发射信号人工神经网络模式识别方法的研究[J].无损检测.2001.23(4)：144-149
19沈功田,李金海.压力容器无损检测-声发射检测技术[J].无损检测.2004.26(9)：457-463
20 Ronnie K.Miller and Paul Melntire eds.Vol.5. Acoustie Emission Testing[M]. Nondestruetive Testing Handbook. American Society for Nondestruetive Testing.1987
21 H.Dunegan. Acoustie Emission:A Promissing Technique[R].UCID-4643,Livermore,CA: Lawkence Radiation Laboratory(1963).
22 TJ.Fowler. Chemical Industry Applications of Acoustie Emission[J].Materials Evaluation.50. July 1992:P875-882.
23 ASTM E 1139-02, Standard Practice for Continuous Monitoring of Acoustie Emission from Metal Pressure Boundaries[S]
24 GB/T 18182-2000《金属压力容器声发射检测及结果评价方法》[S]
25 GB/T 20174-2006《钻井和采油设备钻通设备》[S]
26 ASTM E 569-2002 《Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Structures During Controlled Stimulation》 [S]
27张艾萍,暴萍.声发射技术在化工设备状态监测与故障诊断中的应用[J].化工机械2003.02：93-97
28黄明志金属力学性能[M].西安交通大学出版.1995
29蒋仕良,董志勇.碳四球带的在役声发射检测[J].无损检测.2002.09：407-409
30宋明大,赵亚凡.声发射技术在冷库压力容器检验中的应用[J].压力容器.2003.11：51-55
31刘国光,程青姗.声发射神经网络模式识别[J].华南理工大学仪器仪表学报.2003.08
32沈功田,段庆儒,周裕峰,等.压力容器声发射信号人工神经网络模式识别方法的研究[J].无损检测.2001.23(4)：144-149
2沈功田,张万岭.压力容器无损检测技术综述无损检测.2004.26(1)：37-40
3沈功田,段庆儒,周裕峰,等.现场压力容器检验的声发射源[J].无损检测.1999,21(7)：321-325
4沈功田,段庆儒,李帮宪.压力容器声发射技术综述[J].中国锅炉压力容器安全.2000,16(2)：5-9
5杜波夫.金属磁记忆法诊断管路、设备和结构[R].北京：锅炉压力容器检验中心,2002.
6任吉林,等.金属磁记忆检测技术[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2000.
7蔡国宁.超声导波在液化气管道检测中的应用.无损检测.2005.03：117-118
8 American Society for Nondestruetive Testing. Acoustie Emission Testing.In: Nondestruetive Testing Handbook [M]. Miller Ronnie K,, Mclntine Paul, eds.Columbus： American Society for Nondestruetive Testing,1987.
9沈功田,刘时风、戴光.声发射检测[M].2004.08
10 An Acoustie Emission Method for the in Serviee Detection of Corrosion in Vertical Storage Tanks, Materials Evaluation[J].2002.8 vol.60(8)
11李光海,胡兵.多通道全波形声发射检测系统的研究[J].计算机测量与控.2002.6：355-358
12夏展宏,刘时风.32通道声发射特征参数的实时提取[J].无损检测.2003.08：390-394
13秦国栋,刘志明.声发射测试系统的发展[J].测试技术学报.2004.03：274-280
14沈功田,戴光,刘时风.中国声发射技术发展[J].无损检测.2003,25(6)：302-307
15沈功田.金属压力容器的声发射源特性及识别方法的研究[D].北京：清华大学机械工程系.1998
16刘时风.焊接缺陷声发射检测信号谱估计及人工神经网络模式识别研究[D].北京：清华大学机械工程系.1996.
17戴光.在用压力容器活性缺陷的声发射特性与模糊综合分析[D].杭州：浙江大学化工机械系.1996
18沈功田,段庆儒,周裕峰等.压力容器声发射信号人工神经网络模式识别方法的研究[J].无损检测.2001.23(4)：144-149
19沈功田,李金海.压力容器无损检测-声发射检测技术[J].无损检测.2004.26(9)：457-463
20 Ronnie K.Miller and Paul Melntire eds.Vol.5. Acoustie Emission Testing[M]. Nondestruetive Testing Handbook. American Society for Nondestruetive Testing.1987
21 H.Dunegan. Acoustie Emission:A Promissing Technique[R].UCID-4643,Livermore,CA: Lawkence Radiation Laboratory(1963).
22 TJ.Fowler. Chemical Industry Applications of Acoustie Emission[J].Materials Evaluation.50. July 1992:P875-882.
23 ASTM E 1139-02, Standard Practice for Continuous Monitoring of Acoustie Emission from Metal Pressure Boundaries[S]
24 GB/T 18182-2000《金属压力容器声发射检测及结果评价方法》[S]
25 GB/T 20174-2006《钻井和采油设备钻通设备》[S]
26 ASTM E 569-2002 《Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Structures During Controlled Stimulation》 [S]
27张艾萍,暴萍.声发射技术在化工设备状态监测与故障诊断中的应用[J].化工机械2003.02：93-97
28黄明志金属力学性能[M].西安交通大学出版.1995
29蒋仕良,董志勇.碳四球带的在役声发射检测[J].无损检测.2002.09：407-409
30宋明大,赵亚凡.声发射技术在冷库压力容器检验中的应用[J].压力容器.2003.11：51-55
31刘国光,程青姗.声发射神经网络模式识别[J].华南理工大学仪器仪表学报.2003.08
32沈功田,段庆儒,周裕峰,等.压力容器声发射信号人工神经网络模式识别方法的研究[J].无损检测.2001.23(4)：144-149