重型商用车电控机械式自动变速器换挡规律的研究
摘要
电控机械式自动变速器(AMT),是在原有齿轮式机械变速器的基础上加装电子控制系统,对供油调节装置、离合器、变速箱的控制采用了电机驱动或液压驱动的执行机构,实现起步、选挡、换挡的自动化控制,使汽车成为自动变速的汽车。
本文结合国家863计划现代交通技术领域“汽车开发先进技术”重点项目课题“重型商用车的机械自动变速器(AMT)开发”,针对重型商用车AMT的换挡规律进行相关研究,通过对重型商用车AMT的结构与工作特点的分析,结合发动机特性与重型商用车的使用要求,对换挡规律进行较为深入的分析与研究,设计了两参数组合型换挡规律,在此基础上为最大限度地降低油耗,使发动机工作在最经济工作区,在两参数组合型的换挡规律行驶中,由于重型商用车在低挡各挡之间速差较小,换挡频繁,所以本文提出了在低挡升高挡的过程中增加一个换挡延迟,实行跳挡换挡,以减少换挡次数,当汽车在高挡行驶过程中采用基于油门和车速两参数的换挡规律;进而利用Matlab/Simulink工具建立起重型商用车的整车动力学模型,并对提出的两参数组合型换挡规律进行仿真,其结果和跳挡换挡规律仿真结果进行分析比较,验证了所提出方案的有效性和可行性。
本文的研究成果对于开发重型商用车电控机械式自动变速器的系统具有重要的应用价值和现实意义。
In our country, commercial vehicles include heavy-duty commercial vehicles, middle-duty commercial vehicles, light-duty commercial vehicles and mini commercial vehicles. Heavy-duty commercial vehicles market in china has been growing up rapidly in these years. With the increase of the fuel price, heavier emissions regulations, continued pressure on operating costs, increasing traffic congestion, and a shortage of skilled drivers, these changes will take place in the engine , the exhaust gas treatment system, and the transmission on vehicles, especially middle-duty and heavy-duty commercial vehicles.
At the aspect of the transmission, we look at automated Mechanical transmission (AMT) attentively, which is low produce cost, high efficient, can shift and operate clutches automatically. Till now, the vehicle factories in our country have no ability to manufacture the automatic gearbox. In recent years, many manufacturers have been trying to seek automatic products, which suit our country situation and can be developed independently. In respect that we have many Mechanical transmission plants, for its high efficiency, low cost, and easier manufacture, AMT is considered to be the right product, which is the most suitable for us and has greatest potential in the development of industry.
A new technology for AMT is non-clutch operation, and this technology bases on customary AMT. In the process of gear-shifting torque,the clutch does not separate from the engine and we need to adjust the running speed and the torque of the engine only. Eaton Company already uses this new technology in one transmission. If we put the new technology in commercial vehicles, there will be great meaning in automatic transmission of the commercial vehicles.
Shift schedule decides the time to shift and it is the soul of the automatic transmission. When the AMT is working, by comparing the states of the vehicle with the optimal shift schedule, the AMT decides the optimal shift time and achieves the shift automatically. This will lessen the tiredness of the driver and improve the safety. Consequently, how to establish the best shift schedule is a crucial research aspect of AMT.
The shift schedule of the automatic transmission comes from 1-parameter、2-parameter to 3-parameter operation. In recent years, more and more researchers pay attention to intelligent control theory, and they want put this theory in shift schedule to make the shift.
Combined with the national 863 project, Research and Development of AMT, this paper aims at the shift schedule of the AMT in heavy-duty commercial vehicles. According as the characteristic of the engine and the parameter of the vehicle, this paper established the traditional shift schedule and the self-adaptive shift schedule and according to this regulation simulates actual situation of the vehicle. When the AMT is working, by comparing the states of the vehicle with the optimal shift schedule, the AMT decides the optimal shift time and achieves the shift automatically. This will lessen the tiredness of the driver and improve the safety. The outcome shows these regulations are feasible. This paper has researched on these aspects as follows:
1.At first the development history and the present conditions of automatic transmission are introduced in detail. At the same time, this paper analyses the makeup, the principium and the technique of AMT. At last the excellence and principium of the technique (non-clutch operated AMT) are discussed.
2.Research on shift schedule of automatic transmission
This paper analyses the characteristics of some kinds of shift schedules. Shift schedule is realized by electronic shift system.
3.The establishment of the shift schedule
Shift schedule is the basic part of automatic transmission. In this paper, dynamic capability and fuel consumption are considered. According as torque and fuel consumption characteristics of the engine, 2-parameter traditional shift schedule for the commercial vehicle is obtained. This regulation can be used in electronic control unit (TCU) directly and there are certain significance and actual value.Then this paper designs the self-adaptive shift schedule.
4.Modeling of gear-shift regulation and vehicle
For qualitatively researching on the effectiveness of the shift schedule control system designed, and proceeding the simplification to the very complicated vehicle system, and putting forward the some assumption conditions of the simplification. At the same time keeps its general dynamic characteristics. And according to the construction parameter and technique data of one commercial vehicle, making use of the language of MATLAB with the tool of SIMULINK, for engine, transmission, shift schedule, whole vehicle dynamic model to proceed to set up models in SIMULINK.
5.The simulation of shift schedule and the analysis
For the sake of verifying the rationality and possibilities of the shift schedule, this paper makes use of the models above. On the whole vehicle model this paper set up the simulation to test the regulation in some simulative situation. By the simulation analysis, the simulation result indicates that the simulation model and the shift schedule designed in the article are reasonable.
In conclusion, this paper studied the shift schedule of the automated mechanical transmission systematically on the basis of former research. In the paper, only the above work is completed because of limited time and the difficulty of AMT system. Further research should be continued in order to improve the properties of the AMT system and vehicle in the future.
本文结合国家863计划现代交通技术领域“汽车开发先进技术”重点项目课题“重型商用车的机械自动变速器(AMT)开发”,针对重型商用车AMT的换挡规律进行相关研究,通过对重型商用车AMT的结构与工作特点的分析,结合发动机特性与重型商用车的使用要求,对换挡规律进行较为深入的分析与研究,设计了两参数组合型换挡规律,在此基础上为最大限度地降低油耗,使发动机工作在最经济工作区,在两参数组合型的换挡规律行驶中,由于重型商用车在低挡各挡之间速差较小,换挡频繁,所以本文提出了在低挡升高挡的过程中增加一个换挡延迟,实行跳挡换挡,以减少换挡次数,当汽车在高挡行驶过程中采用基于油门和车速两参数的换挡规律;进而利用Matlab/Simulink工具建立起重型商用车的整车动力学模型,并对提出的两参数组合型换挡规律进行仿真,其结果和跳挡换挡规律仿真结果进行分析比较,验证了所提出方案的有效性和可行性。
本文的研究成果对于开发重型商用车电控机械式自动变速器的系统具有重要的应用价值和现实意义。
In our country, commercial vehicles include heavy-duty commercial vehicles, middle-duty commercial vehicles, light-duty commercial vehicles and mini commercial vehicles. Heavy-duty commercial vehicles market in china has been growing up rapidly in these years. With the increase of the fuel price, heavier emissions regulations, continued pressure on operating costs, increasing traffic congestion, and a shortage of skilled drivers, these changes will take place in the engine , the exhaust gas treatment system, and the transmission on vehicles, especially middle-duty and heavy-duty commercial vehicles.
At the aspect of the transmission, we look at automated Mechanical transmission (AMT) attentively, which is low produce cost, high efficient, can shift and operate clutches automatically. Till now, the vehicle factories in our country have no ability to manufacture the automatic gearbox. In recent years, many manufacturers have been trying to seek automatic products, which suit our country situation and can be developed independently. In respect that we have many Mechanical transmission plants, for its high efficiency, low cost, and easier manufacture, AMT is considered to be the right product, which is the most suitable for us and has greatest potential in the development of industry.
A new technology for AMT is non-clutch operation, and this technology bases on customary AMT. In the process of gear-shifting torque,the clutch does not separate from the engine and we need to adjust the running speed and the torque of the engine only. Eaton Company already uses this new technology in one transmission. If we put the new technology in commercial vehicles, there will be great meaning in automatic transmission of the commercial vehicles.
Shift schedule decides the time to shift and it is the soul of the automatic transmission. When the AMT is working, by comparing the states of the vehicle with the optimal shift schedule, the AMT decides the optimal shift time and achieves the shift automatically. This will lessen the tiredness of the driver and improve the safety. Consequently, how to establish the best shift schedule is a crucial research aspect of AMT.
The shift schedule of the automatic transmission comes from 1-parameter、2-parameter to 3-parameter operation. In recent years, more and more researchers pay attention to intelligent control theory, and they want put this theory in shift schedule to make the shift.
Combined with the national 863 project, Research and Development of AMT, this paper aims at the shift schedule of the AMT in heavy-duty commercial vehicles. According as the characteristic of the engine and the parameter of the vehicle, this paper established the traditional shift schedule and the self-adaptive shift schedule and according to this regulation simulates actual situation of the vehicle. When the AMT is working, by comparing the states of the vehicle with the optimal shift schedule, the AMT decides the optimal shift time and achieves the shift automatically. This will lessen the tiredness of the driver and improve the safety. The outcome shows these regulations are feasible. This paper has researched on these aspects as follows:
1.At first the development history and the present conditions of automatic transmission are introduced in detail. At the same time, this paper analyses the makeup, the principium and the technique of AMT. At last the excellence and principium of the technique (non-clutch operated AMT) are discussed.
2.Research on shift schedule of automatic transmission
This paper analyses the characteristics of some kinds of shift schedules. Shift schedule is realized by electronic shift system.
3.The establishment of the shift schedule
Shift schedule is the basic part of automatic transmission. In this paper, dynamic capability and fuel consumption are considered. According as torque and fuel consumption characteristics of the engine, 2-parameter traditional shift schedule for the commercial vehicle is obtained. This regulation can be used in electronic control unit (TCU) directly and there are certain significance and actual value.Then this paper designs the self-adaptive shift schedule.
4.Modeling of gear-shift regulation and vehicle
For qualitatively researching on the effectiveness of the shift schedule control system designed, and proceeding the simplification to the very complicated vehicle system, and putting forward the some assumption conditions of the simplification. At the same time keeps its general dynamic characteristics. And according to the construction parameter and technique data of one commercial vehicle, making use of the language of MATLAB with the tool of SIMULINK, for engine, transmission, shift schedule, whole vehicle dynamic model to proceed to set up models in SIMULINK.
5.The simulation of shift schedule and the analysis
For the sake of verifying the rationality and possibilities of the shift schedule, this paper makes use of the models above. On the whole vehicle model this paper set up the simulation to test the regulation in some simulative situation. By the simulation analysis, the simulation result indicates that the simulation model and the shift schedule designed in the article are reasonable.
In conclusion, this paper studied the shift schedule of the automated mechanical transmission systematically on the basis of former research. In the paper, only the above work is completed because of limited time and the difficulty of AMT system. Further research should be continued in order to improve the properties of the AMT system and vehicle in the future.
引文
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[3].葛安林.电控机械式自动变速器[M].汽车技术,2001.10
[4].牛铭奎等.AMT离合器接合过程中的压力控制[J].吉林大学学报(工学版),2004.4
[5].轩睿.载货汽车电控机械式自动变速器控制策略研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006.
[6].李晓静等.汽车自动变速器系统的组成及其发展[J].湖北汽车工业学院学报,2006.3
[7].李君等.电控机械式自动变速器的发展、现状和展望[J].汽车技术,2000.3
[8].何忠波等.AMT换挡过程动力学建模及换挡品质影响因素分析.2004.12
[9].余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1993
[10].杨辉前等.电动汽车CAN总线数据采集显示系统开发[J].计算机工程与应用,2006
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[12].刘岩等.电控机械式自动变速器控制系统的研究[J].重型汽车,2001.1
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[16].卢新田等.AMT控制系统结构及国外主要AMT新产品介绍.汽车技术,2004.5
[17].冯樱等.机械自动变速器(AMT)换挡规律的研究[J].湖北汽车工业学院学报,2004.3
[18].张建浚.AMT车辆变速系统及控制过程的研究[J].汽车技术,2005.4
[19].任传祥等.车辆机械式自动变速器换挡规律的动态评价方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2004.3
[20].牛秦玉等.电动型自动变速器AMT控制策略[J].机械与电子,2005.3
[21].何忠波等.AMT车辆爬行工况离合器控制策略与试验.汽车工程,2003.6
[22].王绍光等.汽车电子学[M].清华大学出版社,2005
[23].殷红幸等.AMT自动变速技术的发展及国内现状[J].汽车与技术,2002.7
[24].何忠波等.AMT车辆频繁换挡的消除策略[J].农业机械学报,2006.7
[25].王玉海等.制动状态下的AMT换挡规律[J].农业机械学报,2006.1 40
[26].罗云通等.SC6305(YJ5)AMT换挡品质实验研究.制造业自动化,2006.8
[27].雷雨龙等.机械式自动变速器起步过程控制[J].机械工程学报,200.5
[28].陈永东等.电控机械式自动变速器换挡品质的研究[J].内燃机,2006.10
[29].雷雨龙等.机械式自动变速器换挡综合智能控制[J].汽车工程,2001.5
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