弦支结构体系研究
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摘要
弦支结构体系作为一种高效能的空间结构,越来越多地被应用于大跨度建筑中。索穹顶、弦支穹顶和弦支梁是较为成熟的弦支结构,尤其以弦支梁和弦支穹顶应用最多。目前的空间结构向着轻量、超大跨方向发展,这种发展趋势要求必须竭尽全力地降低结构的自重,其途径一是研制出轻质高强的新型建筑材料,二是研究开发合理的结构形式。在此背景下,对弦支结构进行深入研究并开发出新型高效能的弦支结构是非常有意义的。
本文首先对弦支梁(桁架)结构进行了研究,提出一种简单的、较容易被工程设计人员掌握的、适用于弦支梁(桁架)结构工程设计的预应力设计方法;首次采用频域法对弦支梁结构进行风振特性研究,为弦支梁结构的抗风设计提供理论依据;提出一种简单且成本较低的、适用于弦支梁结构的索力测量方法—静力平衡法;将“折叠开合”与“弦支结构”有机地组合,提出了折叠展开式弦支桁架,并详细介绍了其折叠展开原理、折叠单元形式、节点连接方式以及具体的实施方法。
在弦支梁结构的启发下,提出一种新型的弦支结构,即弦支混凝土集成屋盖结构,详细介绍了其基本构成及实现方法,给出了其预应力设计方法,对它的基本静、动力学性能进行了研究,得到的一些初步研究成果可为这种新型弦支结构的工程设计提供理论依据。
将弦支桁架进行拓展并与柱面网壳(即筒壳)相结合,提出另外一种新型弦支结构即弦支筒壳结构,给出了其预应力设计方法,以某实际弦支筒壳工程为背景,较为全面地对其静力特性、稳定特性、风振响应、地震波一致激励及多点激励下的响应进行了研究,为这种新型弦支结构的实际应用提供了理论依据。在此基础上,进行了1:15的缩尺模型静载荷试验研究,研究表明,弦支筒壳结构是一种刚度较好且有着一定几何非线性的空间结构,与单层筒壳相比,其面外稳定性得到大大改善,支座处产生的水平推力大幅度地减小。研究还表明,半跨雪荷载或半跨施工荷载会对结构产生不利影响,对此应在设计时给予考虑。试验结果与理论分析存在一定误差,但二者的变化规律基本保持一致,说明本文采用的弦支筒壳结构的理论计算方法是科学合理的,是可行的。
试验最后还验证了索力测量的静力平衡法,研究结果表明,这种方法用于测算弦支筒壳结构下弦拉索的内力也是可行的。
As an effective spatial structure, the cable supported structure system is applied into the long-span building widely. The existing cable supported structure system includes mainly the cable dome, suspend-dome and beam string structure, and especially the suspend-dome and the beam string structures are applied widely. At present, the spatial structure is aiming at lighter weight and longer span, this trend demands the reduction of the structures’dead weight, one way is that the light and high strength structural materials are invented, another one is that new and more effective structural system is proposed. Under this background, it is meaningful to do deeply research on the cable supported structure system and propose new-style and effective cable supported structures.
An initial prestress design method is proposed which is easy and suitable for practical project design of beam string structures; for the first time, the frequency domain method is adopted to analyze the structural response induced by wind vibration, and the research results can serve the anti-wind design of beam string structures; the static balance method is proposed which is easy, low-priced and suitable for surveying the cable’s stress of beam string structures; the retractable truss string structure is put forward by combining the retractable elements and the cable supported structure, the working principle of which, retractable elements, joints and measures for construction are respectively introduced.
Based on beam string structures, a new-style cable supported structure-cable supported concrete roof is put forward, the fabrication and measures for construction of which are introduced in detail, the initial prestress design method is proposed, and the research on static and dynamic characteristics of which are carried out, the final outcome can serve the practical project design of this kind of structure.
A new-style cable supported structure-cable supported barrel vault is put forward by extending the truss string structure and combining the cylindrical latticed shell, and the initial prestress design method is proposed, a practical cable supported barrel vault building is taken for calculating example, the research on the static characteristics, stability, response induced by wind vibration, response induced by single support excitation and multiple supports excitation of the earthquake wave are respectively carried out in detail, the research outcomes can serve the practical application of this kind of structure. On the basis of it, the test research on the reduced scale model with a scale of 1:15 is carried out, the results indicate, the cable supported barrel vault is an effective spatial structure with enough rigidity and some geometric nonlinearity, compared with the single layer cylindrical latticed shell, the out-plane stability is improved greatly, and the horizontal thrust is reduced dramatically. Moreover, it must be considered in the design that the half-span snow load and construction load are all unfavorable for cable supported barrel vault structures. Although there are difference between test results and theory analysis, the rules keep consistent, so the theory analysis method adopted in this paper is scientific and rational.
Finally, the static balance method which is used for surveying the cable’s stress of the cable supported barrel vault is verified by the model test, the results indicate the method is feasible.
本文首先对弦支梁(桁架)结构进行了研究,提出一种简单的、较容易被工程设计人员掌握的、适用于弦支梁(桁架)结构工程设计的预应力设计方法;首次采用频域法对弦支梁结构进行风振特性研究,为弦支梁结构的抗风设计提供理论依据;提出一种简单且成本较低的、适用于弦支梁结构的索力测量方法—静力平衡法;将“折叠开合”与“弦支结构”有机地组合,提出了折叠展开式弦支桁架,并详细介绍了其折叠展开原理、折叠单元形式、节点连接方式以及具体的实施方法。
在弦支梁结构的启发下,提出一种新型的弦支结构,即弦支混凝土集成屋盖结构,详细介绍了其基本构成及实现方法,给出了其预应力设计方法,对它的基本静、动力学性能进行了研究,得到的一些初步研究成果可为这种新型弦支结构的工程设计提供理论依据。
将弦支桁架进行拓展并与柱面网壳(即筒壳)相结合,提出另外一种新型弦支结构即弦支筒壳结构,给出了其预应力设计方法,以某实际弦支筒壳工程为背景,较为全面地对其静力特性、稳定特性、风振响应、地震波一致激励及多点激励下的响应进行了研究,为这种新型弦支结构的实际应用提供了理论依据。在此基础上,进行了1:15的缩尺模型静载荷试验研究,研究表明,弦支筒壳结构是一种刚度较好且有着一定几何非线性的空间结构,与单层筒壳相比,其面外稳定性得到大大改善,支座处产生的水平推力大幅度地减小。研究还表明,半跨雪荷载或半跨施工荷载会对结构产生不利影响,对此应在设计时给予考虑。试验结果与理论分析存在一定误差,但二者的变化规律基本保持一致,说明本文采用的弦支筒壳结构的理论计算方法是科学合理的,是可行的。
试验最后还验证了索力测量的静力平衡法,研究结果表明,这种方法用于测算弦支筒壳结构下弦拉索的内力也是可行的。
As an effective spatial structure, the cable supported structure system is applied into the long-span building widely. The existing cable supported structure system includes mainly the cable dome, suspend-dome and beam string structure, and especially the suspend-dome and the beam string structures are applied widely. At present, the spatial structure is aiming at lighter weight and longer span, this trend demands the reduction of the structures’dead weight, one way is that the light and high strength structural materials are invented, another one is that new and more effective structural system is proposed. Under this background, it is meaningful to do deeply research on the cable supported structure system and propose new-style and effective cable supported structures.
An initial prestress design method is proposed which is easy and suitable for practical project design of beam string structures; for the first time, the frequency domain method is adopted to analyze the structural response induced by wind vibration, and the research results can serve the anti-wind design of beam string structures; the static balance method is proposed which is easy, low-priced and suitable for surveying the cable’s stress of beam string structures; the retractable truss string structure is put forward by combining the retractable elements and the cable supported structure, the working principle of which, retractable elements, joints and measures for construction are respectively introduced.
Based on beam string structures, a new-style cable supported structure-cable supported concrete roof is put forward, the fabrication and measures for construction of which are introduced in detail, the initial prestress design method is proposed, and the research on static and dynamic characteristics of which are carried out, the final outcome can serve the practical project design of this kind of structure.
A new-style cable supported structure-cable supported barrel vault is put forward by extending the truss string structure and combining the cylindrical latticed shell, and the initial prestress design method is proposed, a practical cable supported barrel vault building is taken for calculating example, the research on the static characteristics, stability, response induced by wind vibration, response induced by single support excitation and multiple supports excitation of the earthquake wave are respectively carried out in detail, the research outcomes can serve the practical application of this kind of structure. On the basis of it, the test research on the reduced scale model with a scale of 1:15 is carried out, the results indicate, the cable supported barrel vault is an effective spatial structure with enough rigidity and some geometric nonlinearity, compared with the single layer cylindrical latticed shell, the out-plane stability is improved greatly, and the horizontal thrust is reduced dramatically. Moreover, it must be considered in the design that the half-span snow load and construction load are all unfavorable for cable supported barrel vault structures. Although there are difference between test results and theory analysis, the rules keep consistent, so the theory analysis method adopted in this paper is scientific and rational.
Finally, the static balance method which is used for surveying the cable’s stress of the cable supported barrel vault is verified by the model test, the results indicate the method is feasible.
引文
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