在干旱及缺氮条件下大豆对UV-B辐射的响应
摘要
大气中臭氧浓度降低,使到达地面的UV-B辐射增强,导致农田生态系统严重受损,特别是对粮食作物产量的影响尤为明显,因此受到人们的广泛关注。本试验以东农47和东农48为试验材料,采用盆栽的方式,研究干旱和缺氮条件下,大豆对UV-B辐射的响应。主要研究干旱胁迫与UV-B辐射复合作用对大豆生理指标和产量的影响,并初步探索缺氮条件下增强UV-B辐射对大豆生长发育和产量的影响,为探讨环境胁迫条件下大豆对UV-B辐射的响应提供科学依据。试验结果表明:
1.干旱条件下增加UV-B辐射对大豆生理代谢的影响
干旱胁迫使大豆叶片光合色素分解;大豆两品种的光合色素对增加UV-B辐射的响应不同,东农47光合色素分解,东农48叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素分解、叶绿素b未受影响;在增加UV-B辐射下,干旱胁迫可缓解其对东农47光合色素的不利影响,但却加重对东农48光合色素(叶绿素b除外)的不利影响。
干旱胁迫、增加UV-B辐射均使大豆发生膜脂过氧化作用;但在不同处理下大豆东农47和东农48的膜质过氧化防御系统等产生不同的响应。
2.缺氮条件下增加UV-B辐射对大豆生长发育的影响
缺氮胁迫、增加UV-B辐射均不利于大豆的生长发育,两处理都降低株高和地上部茎、叶、荚干重,减少主茎节数,但缺氮胁迫可以增加地下部干重;在增加UV-B辐射下,缺氮胁迫可缓解其对东农47生长发育的不利影响,但却严重阻碍东农48的生长发育。
3.干旱及缺氮条件下增加UV-B辐射对大豆产量的影响
干旱胁迫、缺氮胁迫均降低大豆产量;增加UV-B辐射降低大豆东农47的单株粒重、单株粒数、百粒重和产量,但对东农48没有影响;在增加UV-B辐射下,干旱和缺氮胁迫均可缓解其对大豆东农47产量及构成因子的不利影响,而双因子胁迫使东农48的产量降低得较多。
The UV-B radiation on the ground is increasing by the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere decreased.It results the farm ecosystem serious damaged. A wide range of people concerned about this issue. However, on environmental factors and UV-B radiation composite study still relatively less. Water, fertilizer is the most susceptible to human control, but also the impact of crop growth and development of the most important factor. Through its interaction with the UV-B. Searching for UV-B radiation resistance of the ecological protection approach. And reducing the economic costs of agricultural inputs and environmental pollution. In this experiment, using soybean Dongnong 47 and 48 for the test materials.Researching the effect of drought stress and UV-B on metabolism and physiology of soybean production with the pot experiment. And the initial exploration of the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on soybean growth and production with the different nitrogen level. To ease its UV-B radiation on crop damage in the provision of simple and feasible method. The major findings of this experiment are as follows:
(1)Effect of water stress and UV-B radiation on soybean metabolism
Water stress makes decomposition of soybean’s photosynthetic pigments.Effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on two varieties of soybean photosynthetic pigments is different.It has no effect on photosynthetic pigments’decomposition of Dongnong 47、chlorophyll a of Dongnong 48、Carotenoid decomposition and chlorophyll bof Dongnong 48. Increasing UV-B radiation, water stress can be eased its Dongnong 47 the adverse effects of photosynthetic pigments, but they increase the penalties for Dongnong 48 photosynthetic pigments (except chlorophyll b) harm.
Water stress, increased UV-B radiation have occurred so that soybean lipid membrane peroxidation; but under the different treatment of soybean Dongnong 47 and 48 of the membranaceous Dongnong peroxide defense systems have different response. Water stress, increased UV-B radiation have occurred soybean lipid membrane peroxidation; but under the different treatment , Dongnong 47 and Dongnong 48 of the membranaceous peroxide defense systems have different response.
(2)Effect of nitrogen deficiency and UV-B radiation on growth indexes of soybean
Nitrogen deficiency increased UV-B radiation are not conducive to the growth of soybean. Two treatments are reduced plant height and shoot stems、leaves, pod dry weight, reduced the number of main stem.But nitrogen deficiency can increase the root weight. Increasing UV-B radiation, nitrogen deficiency can be eased its Dongnong 47 the adverse effects of grownth,but inhibit the grownth of Dongnong 48.
(3)Effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on yield under water stress and nitrogen deficiency
Water stress, nitrogen stress decreased yield and yield constitution of soybean;Increasing UV-B radiation decreased yield and yield constitution of Dongnong 47,but has no effect on Dongnong 48; Increasing UV-B radiation, water stress can be eased the effect on grain weight per plant and yield of Dongnong 47; Increasing UV-B radiation, nitrogen deficiency can ease its effect on yield and yield constitution, Two-factor stress decreased the yield and yield constitution of Dongnong 48
1.干旱条件下增加UV-B辐射对大豆生理代谢的影响
干旱胁迫使大豆叶片光合色素分解;大豆两品种的光合色素对增加UV-B辐射的响应不同,东农47光合色素分解,东农48叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素分解、叶绿素b未受影响;在增加UV-B辐射下,干旱胁迫可缓解其对东农47光合色素的不利影响,但却加重对东农48光合色素(叶绿素b除外)的不利影响。
干旱胁迫、增加UV-B辐射均使大豆发生膜脂过氧化作用;但在不同处理下大豆东农47和东农48的膜质过氧化防御系统等产生不同的响应。
2.缺氮条件下增加UV-B辐射对大豆生长发育的影响
缺氮胁迫、增加UV-B辐射均不利于大豆的生长发育,两处理都降低株高和地上部茎、叶、荚干重,减少主茎节数,但缺氮胁迫可以增加地下部干重;在增加UV-B辐射下,缺氮胁迫可缓解其对东农47生长发育的不利影响,但却严重阻碍东农48的生长发育。
3.干旱及缺氮条件下增加UV-B辐射对大豆产量的影响
干旱胁迫、缺氮胁迫均降低大豆产量;增加UV-B辐射降低大豆东农47的单株粒重、单株粒数、百粒重和产量,但对东农48没有影响;在增加UV-B辐射下,干旱和缺氮胁迫均可缓解其对大豆东农47产量及构成因子的不利影响,而双因子胁迫使东农48的产量降低得较多。
The UV-B radiation on the ground is increasing by the concentration of ozone in the atmosphere decreased.It results the farm ecosystem serious damaged. A wide range of people concerned about this issue. However, on environmental factors and UV-B radiation composite study still relatively less. Water, fertilizer is the most susceptible to human control, but also the impact of crop growth and development of the most important factor. Through its interaction with the UV-B. Searching for UV-B radiation resistance of the ecological protection approach. And reducing the economic costs of agricultural inputs and environmental pollution. In this experiment, using soybean Dongnong 47 and 48 for the test materials.Researching the effect of drought stress and UV-B on metabolism and physiology of soybean production with the pot experiment. And the initial exploration of the effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on soybean growth and production with the different nitrogen level. To ease its UV-B radiation on crop damage in the provision of simple and feasible method. The major findings of this experiment are as follows:
(1)Effect of water stress and UV-B radiation on soybean metabolism
Water stress makes decomposition of soybean’s photosynthetic pigments.Effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on two varieties of soybean photosynthetic pigments is different.It has no effect on photosynthetic pigments’decomposition of Dongnong 47、chlorophyll a of Dongnong 48、Carotenoid decomposition and chlorophyll bof Dongnong 48. Increasing UV-B radiation, water stress can be eased its Dongnong 47 the adverse effects of photosynthetic pigments, but they increase the penalties for Dongnong 48 photosynthetic pigments (except chlorophyll b) harm.
Water stress, increased UV-B radiation have occurred so that soybean lipid membrane peroxidation; but under the different treatment of soybean Dongnong 47 and 48 of the membranaceous Dongnong peroxide defense systems have different response. Water stress, increased UV-B radiation have occurred soybean lipid membrane peroxidation; but under the different treatment , Dongnong 47 and Dongnong 48 of the membranaceous peroxide defense systems have different response.
(2)Effect of nitrogen deficiency and UV-B radiation on growth indexes of soybean
Nitrogen deficiency increased UV-B radiation are not conducive to the growth of soybean. Two treatments are reduced plant height and shoot stems、leaves, pod dry weight, reduced the number of main stem.But nitrogen deficiency can increase the root weight. Increasing UV-B radiation, nitrogen deficiency can be eased its Dongnong 47 the adverse effects of grownth,but inhibit the grownth of Dongnong 48.
(3)Effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on yield under water stress and nitrogen deficiency
Water stress, nitrogen stress decreased yield and yield constitution of soybean;Increasing UV-B radiation decreased yield and yield constitution of Dongnong 47,but has no effect on Dongnong 48; Increasing UV-B radiation, water stress can be eased the effect on grain weight per plant and yield of Dongnong 47; Increasing UV-B radiation, nitrogen deficiency can ease its effect on yield and yield constitution, Two-factor stress decreased the yield and yield constitution of Dongnong 48
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