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联麦氧钒对糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用研究
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  • 英文题名:The Hypoglycemic Effect of LMYF on Rats with DM
  • 作者:李毅
  • 论文级别:硕士
  • 学科专业名称:药理学
  • 学位年度:2004
  • 导师:杨世杰
  • 学科代码:100706
  • 学位授予单位:吉林大学
  • 论文提交日期:2004-03-01
摘要
糖尿病是近年来全球发病率和死亡率最高的疾病之一,严重地影响着人们的身体健康。治疗糖尿病的用药主要有磺酰脲类、双胍类、a-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,近年来胰岛素增敏剂罗格列奈等新型药物上市,为糖尿病的治疗提供了新的用药选择。但以上各类口服降糖药均有许多不良反应和毒副作用。
    近年来,钒化合物的降糖作用日益成为人们研究的热点。钒是人体必需的微量元素之一,主要以4价、5价的形式存在,人体内的含量约为25mg ,骨骼肌、肾脏、肝脏是钒的主要储库,其生物学功能比较复杂,对生物体的生长发育、心血管、肾脏、钠钾泵以及代谢均有重要作用。国内外研究亦证明钒化合物如原钒酸钠、硫酸氧钒等具有类胰岛素作用。可促进糖原合成,增加肌肉、脂肪等胰岛素敏感的组织对葡萄糖的摄取和处理,从而起到治疗糖尿病的作用,并可能对胰岛素抵抗及糖尿病综合征产生有益的作用。但对联麦氧钒的降糖作用研究少见报道。
    本文旨在研究联麦氧钒对链佐霉素所致II型糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用,并进行初步的作用机制分析。本实验研究是用单次IP
    
    
    链佐霉素建立II型糖尿病大鼠模型,给予不同剂量的联麦氧钒进行治疗,同时设空白对照组、阳性对照组,通过观察各组大鼠的血糖浓度、HDL-C 、LDL-C、TG、CHO、血清胰岛素浓度,并分析各组大鼠血液粘度各项指标,包括全血比粘粘度(高切、低切)、血浆比粘度、血沉、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原等各项指标的变化;为了更全面地了解联麦氧钒的降糖作用,还设计了联麦氧钒对正常大鼠血糖作用的实验研究、对肾上腺素所致高血糖小鼠的实验研究以及糖耐量曲线变化的研究。
     结果表明:一、(1)联麦氧钒对糖尿病大鼠血糖值的影响在停药二周后仍显示有明显的作用;(2)与空白对照组相比,II型糖尿病模型大鼠血清HDL-C明显升高;(3)与空白对照组相比,CHO明显降低全血粘度低切明显降低,红细胞沉降率(血沉)明显
    加快,(4) 使糖耐量曲线下面积减少;(5)对胰岛素浓度没有明显作用。
     讨论:此实验结果表明联麦氧钒可明显降低血糖浓度,并具有降血脂功能,但其血浆胰岛素水平未发生改变。这表明联麦氧钒的降血糖作用并不通过刺激胰岛素的分泌而发挥作用,而是通
    过提高胰岛素的作用效率来实现的,本实验的结果及由此得出的结论同国外学者的有关研究结果及结论相符。
    
    实验结果亦显示,联麦氧钒对糖尿病大鼠血液粘度指标中的全血粘度低切、全血粘度高切明显降低,血浆粘度明显降低;红细胞压积亦呈降低趋势;红细胞沉降率(血沉)明显加快;纤维蛋白原量效关系不显著。血液粘度是血液流变学是反映血液流变性的指标和度量,血液粘度升高主要原因是血浆粘度增高、红细胞聚集性增强和红细胞变形性减弱所致,而血浆粘度和红细胞聚集增加是糖尿病血浆蛋白异常和代谢紊乱的结果。红细胞压积是指红细胞在血液中所占的容积比值,是影响血液粘度的重要因素,血液粘度随红细胞压积的增加而迅速增加,反之则降低。 本实验用联麦氧钡对糖尿病大鼠进行治疗的结果中可见红细胞压积呈降低趋势。实验数据中,血沉(ESR)即红细胞沉降率明显升高。红细胞沉降率是红细胞血液中下降的速率,下降速率增快,是因为红细胞下降逆阻力减低,表明血液被稀释或者血液粘度降低。它是反映血液粘度变化的一个重要指标。全血比粘度(低切)、全血比粘度(高切)均明显低于空白组,进一步证明联麦氧钒具有降血脂功能。 血浆中含有可溶性的纤维蛋白原,它具有粘稠性,当血浆中血浆蛋白的含量与比例发生变化,如纤维蛋白原的增多,会导致血浆的粘度的增加。且与血液凝固有关,当血液从血管中流出后,血浆中的纤维蛋白原在凝血酶的作用下,变成不溶性的纤维
    
    
    蛋白,使血液凝固,具有止血作用。将纤维蛋白原除掉后,剩余的淡黄色液体就是血清,不凝固。实验中纤维蛋白原的值量效关系不明显,大剂量组纤维蛋白原值低于阳性组,而中剂量、小剂量组高于阳性组,分析可能原因与联麦氧钒的剂量有关系,只有当剂量足够大时,联麦氧钒才对血浆中的纤维蛋白原具有分解作用。该现象提示如果将联麦氧钒作为降糖药时,必须重视其有效剂量的选择研究工作。
    寻找毒性小、吸收好、安全有效的口服降糖药是长期以来有关糖尿病研究的重要课题,早期的研究表明钒化合物主要的副作用是胃肠道反应,如腹泻、食欲减退及脱水等,本实验表1中在注射STZ之后短时间内有大鼠死亡的原因,可能是STZ造成胰腺组织破坏,造成短时间低血糖而引起。在大剂量组早期出现的一例大鼠死亡可能是在低血糖基础上血糖进一步降低而致。在死亡前出现停止进食、进水说明联麦氧钒的副作用是腹泻、食欲减退,但其发生率低于10%。而中剂量组、小剂量组均未出现此种情况,进一步提示联麦氧钒治疗研究中应充分关注剂量关系。结合有关钒化合物毒副作用较低的有关报道及本实验的结果,可以认为联麦氧钒确为一种新型的毒副作用较低及较轻的药物。
    综上,联麦氧钒对糖尿病大鼠具有明显的降血糖、血脂作用,
    
    
    且作用持久,毒副作用较低,极有可能研制成为新一代的降糖药物,对II型糖尿病乃至胰岛素抵抗综合征的治疗均具有十分重要的指导意义。
Diabetes mellitus is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality in the resent years all over the world. The antidiabetes drugs are of four kinds: sulphonamide derivatives, guanidine derivatives, glucosidase inhibitor and euglycemic agent. Though we can select different kinds of drugs to treat diabetes mellitus, oral antidiabetes drugs have many adverse reaction and toxic effect.
    In the recent years the research focus on oral antidiabetes drugs is vanadium compound and its effects of reduction in blood glucose. Vanadium plays an important role in growth and development, cardiovascular and renal functions and metabolism. Moreover, the evidence showed that sodium orthovanadate and vanadium oxysulfate have the similar effects of insulin, but we haven’t found the report about LMYF.
    The study’s objective is to investigate the effect of LMYF on reducing blood glucose in rats with typeⅡDM induced by steptozocin and discuss the mechanism. Firstly, the typeⅡDM model in Wistar rats was set up, and then the rats were divided into five groups: control group,
    
    
    positive group and treatment group with high, middle and low dose of LMYF. The index of blood glucose, HDL, LDL, TG, CHO and insulin concentration was determined by instruments and the index of blood apparent viscocity including whole blood viscocity, plasma specific viscosity, blood sedimentation, HCT and fibrinogen were observed.
    The result show that
    LMYF can decrease the level of blood glucose after drug withdrawal 2 weeks.
    The HDL and CHO were reduced markly in treatment group with LMYF comparing with control group.
    The whole blood viscocity was decreased clearly and blood sedimentation was speeded up in treatment group with LMYF comparing with control group.
    LMYF can diminish the area under the curve of glucose resistance.
    LMYF can not influence the concentration of plasma insulin.
    The results that LMYF can decrease markly blood glucose concentration and the level of blood fat and can not influence the plasma insulin concentration demonstrated the mechanism of LMYF to reduce blood glucose is not owning to stimulating the βcells of
    
    
    the pancreatic islets to release insulin but owning to elevating efficiency of insulin.
    Blood apparent viscocity increasing and red blood cell aggregating are the result of metabolic disorder in DM patients. LMYF can decrease whole blood viscocity clearly and speed up blood sedimentation in wistar rats with typeⅡDM. The data demonstrated that LMYF can amelioration hemorheology and delay the cardiovascular system complications in DM patients. LMYF can reduce HDL and CHO markly in treatment group showed that LMYF influences the metabolism of blood fat. The study found that adverse effects such as diarrhea, decreased food appetite, dehydration and hypoglycemia in group of administrating LMYF are low.
    In conclusion, LMYF can reduce blood glucose and blood fat. Its long effective duration and the low incidence rate of adverse effects are the advantages of LMYF. The study showed that LMYF probably develops the new promising oral antidiabetes drugs.
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