河流游憩机会谱研究
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摘要
从国内外户外游憩发展的趋势来看,户外游憩需求在迅速增长并向着不断多样化方向发展。河流是户外游憩空间的一个重要组成部分,其供给已经明显无法满足人们的需求。游憩机会谱理论(Recreation Opportunity Spectrum,ROS)是由美国林业局确定的被证明为最为有效的一种游憩资源管理工具。在我国的河流游憩资源管理中,同样有着令人非常期待的应用前景。然而该理论的应用受到来自应用区域的环境类型、政治环境、社会文化背景等方面的影响,为了达到最佳的应用效果,有必要对其进行本土化研究。
本研究以北京妫河为研究区域,采用调查问卷数据采集方法和多元统计方法,从河流游憩者的环境偏好入手,尝试识别影响游憩体验的重要环境因子和偏好的游憩机会环境类型,希望能在此基础上建立起一个具有一定普适性的河流游憩机会谱框架。实证研究结果证明,游憩环境对游憩体验影响的重要性已经得到了游憩者较为普遍的认同,初步证实了ROS理论应用于妫河游憩环境的适宜性;研究中识别出了包括设施供给、隔离程度、解说服务、开发程度、自然性、可忍受的冲击、可见管理、可进入性和偏远程度等9个影响游憩体验的环境因子,作为妫河游憩机会环境划分的一级指标;并确定了5种游憩环境类型,即为城市型(U)、城郊型(S)、乡村型(RD)、乡野型(RN)和近原始型(SP)。该框架在靠近人类干扰比较明显的河流游憩环境中具有一定的普适性。另外,研究中也得到了一些比较充实的关于当前河流游憩者总体特征的数据,同时发现游憩者的居住环境类型、学历和月收入水平与环境偏好具有比较明显的相关性,这些结论对河流游憩资源管理相关决策的制定具有一定的参考意义。
As one of important components of outdoor recreation, the current supply of rivers recreation opportunities obviously can not meet people’s demand. Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS), has been proved to be one of most effective recreation resource management tools. It also has a very exciting application prospect in Chinese recreation resource management. However, its application is affected by the social and cultural environment applied. To achieve the best effect, it’s necessary to do more localization research.
Taking Gui River Beijing as the study area, the study examines the perceptions of visitors on environmental setting attributes, in order to develop a River Recreation Opportunity Spectrum. Several methods of Multivariate Statistical Analysis are application in data processing .The study finds the universal identity of significance of environmental setting on recreational experience in deferent visitors. Nine environmental factors are identified in the study including facilities supply, degree of isolation, environmental interpretation, human development, naturalness environmental impact, observing management, accessibility and remoteness. Furthermore, it confirmed five type of open environment, that is Urban (U), Suburban (S), Rural Developed (RD), Rural Natural (RN) and Semi-primitive (SP). Aforementioned framework has a more universal application no rivers close to areas with relatively obvious human interference. In addition, it gained some substantial data about the current general characteristics of river recreationists, and found that there’s conspicuous correlation between living environment, education & income levels and environmental preferences, which has a certain significance of references to river recreation related decision-making.
本研究以北京妫河为研究区域,采用调查问卷数据采集方法和多元统计方法,从河流游憩者的环境偏好入手,尝试识别影响游憩体验的重要环境因子和偏好的游憩机会环境类型,希望能在此基础上建立起一个具有一定普适性的河流游憩机会谱框架。实证研究结果证明,游憩环境对游憩体验影响的重要性已经得到了游憩者较为普遍的认同,初步证实了ROS理论应用于妫河游憩环境的适宜性;研究中识别出了包括设施供给、隔离程度、解说服务、开发程度、自然性、可忍受的冲击、可见管理、可进入性和偏远程度等9个影响游憩体验的环境因子,作为妫河游憩机会环境划分的一级指标;并确定了5种游憩环境类型,即为城市型(U)、城郊型(S)、乡村型(RD)、乡野型(RN)和近原始型(SP)。该框架在靠近人类干扰比较明显的河流游憩环境中具有一定的普适性。另外,研究中也得到了一些比较充实的关于当前河流游憩者总体特征的数据,同时发现游憩者的居住环境类型、学历和月收入水平与环境偏好具有比较明显的相关性,这些结论对河流游憩资源管理相关决策的制定具有一定的参考意义。
As one of important components of outdoor recreation, the current supply of rivers recreation opportunities obviously can not meet people’s demand. Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS), has been proved to be one of most effective recreation resource management tools. It also has a very exciting application prospect in Chinese recreation resource management. However, its application is affected by the social and cultural environment applied. To achieve the best effect, it’s necessary to do more localization research.
Taking Gui River Beijing as the study area, the study examines the perceptions of visitors on environmental setting attributes, in order to develop a River Recreation Opportunity Spectrum. Several methods of Multivariate Statistical Analysis are application in data processing .The study finds the universal identity of significance of environmental setting on recreational experience in deferent visitors. Nine environmental factors are identified in the study including facilities supply, degree of isolation, environmental interpretation, human development, naturalness environmental impact, observing management, accessibility and remoteness. Furthermore, it confirmed five type of open environment, that is Urban (U), Suburban (S), Rural Developed (RD), Rural Natural (RN) and Semi-primitive (SP). Aforementioned framework has a more universal application no rivers close to areas with relatively obvious human interference. In addition, it gained some substantial data about the current general characteristics of river recreationists, and found that there’s conspicuous correlation between living environment, education & income levels and environmental preferences, which has a certain significance of references to river recreation related decision-making.
引文
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[1]蔡君.略论游憩机会谱(Recreation Opportunity Spectrum, ROS)框架体系[J].中国园林,2006,22(16):73-77.
[3]蔡君.云蒙山国家森林公园游憩承载力研究[D].北京林业大学博士论文,2006.
[4]陈广宁,唐基苏.漓江旅游业可持续发展与水生态保护[J]. 中共桂林市委党校学报.2006(1):25-28.
[5]陈进,黄薇.西南国际河流水资源状态及开发中的问题[J]. 长江流域资源与环境,2004(9):444-447.
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