四川民族地区农户贫困成因及影响因素研究
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摘要
当前,贫困问题依然是我国构建和谐社会的主要障碍之一,是我国社会不稳定的重要根源,而我国少数民族地区的贫困问题显得尤为突出。解决好少数民族地区的贫困问题不仅是一个经济问题,更是一个民族问题和政治问题。由于受到历史条件、地域分布、自然条件、民族文化等多方而因索的影响,四川少数民族地区社会经济发展仍非常滞后,农户贫困现象依然严重。贫困人口多,贫困程度深,治理难度大和返贫现象严重,极大地阳.碍了四川乃至整个西南地区经济、社会的全面协调和可持续发展。四川少数民族地区也成为了四川扶贫攻坚的重点和难点地区。随着我国政府“工作到村,扶贫到户”的扶贫瞄准机制的实施,分析少数民族贫困地区农户贫困的成因及影响因素对其具有重要作用。本文利用四川省少数民族地区农户调查数据,研究少数民族贫困地区农村和农户贫困的特征,分析少数民族农户贫困的成因及影响因素,找出导致农户贫困的原因和制约农户脱贫的因素,探讨相应的政策措施,对于增强四川少数民族地区扶贫工作的针对性与合理性具仃重要意义。
本文的主要研究内容包括：在充分整合理论和实际调研资料的基础上,首先,从宏观层面分析四川少数民族地区农村贫困的现状及特征；其次,通过对调查数据的描述性统计分析农户人力资本等相关特征及农户贫困状况；再次,对农户贫困的成因进行分析,以及对影响农户贫困的因素进行贫困指数分解,定量分析各影响因素对贫困的影响；并进一步运用Logistic模型对农户贫困影响因素进行回归分析,揭示各个因素对贫困的影响程度及作用方向；最后根据结论提出反贫困的对策建议。
通过分析,本文得出的主要研究结论：第一,四川少数民族地区农村贫困具有绝对贫困人口多、贫困发生率高、经济贫困与知识、权利贫困并存和返贫人口数量大、返贫现象严重的特征。第二,四川民族地区农户具有人力资本含量较低,农村职业教育和培训薄弱,健康状况差,社会参与度低的特点。农户的物质资本相对短缺,反映农户贫困的恩格尔系数大于50%,说明农户基本处于温饱阶段,其反贫困的任务任重而道远。第三,自然环境恶劣、自然灾害频发、高发的地方病和传染病、农户能力素质低下、落后的传统文化观念等方面是导致农户贫困的原因。第四,所在乡村地形和自然灾害,农户的教育水平、健康状况、外出务工,医疗救助、灾害救助都对农户贫困有重要影响。具体而言,所在乡村为山区、遭受自然灾害的农户更容易陷入贫困,文化程度低、家中有人生重病或残疾、又未有人外出务工的家庭陷入贫困的概率也会更高,医疗救助和灾害救助政策的实施对于降低农户贫困具有重要影响。
根据上述研究结论,本文提出以下政策建议：①重视贫困户生产生活条件的改善,提高农户抵御自然灾害的能力；②加大教育培训投入,提高农户的能力素质水平,促进劳动力转移,鼓励外出务工；③进一步完善农村社会保障制度。
At present, poverty is still one of the main obstacles for constructing the harmonious society in our country, is an important root for China's current social instability, the poverty problem of minority regions are noticeable in China.So solving the problems of poverty in national minority areas is not only an economic problem, but also a national and political issues. Due to the influence of various factors, such as historical conditions, geographical distribution, natural conditions and ethnic culture, social economical development is still very lags behind in minority regions in Sichuan province, the phenomenon of poverty of peasant household is still serious. The phenomenon that poverty population is very large, and poverty level is very high, management difficulty is serious, substantially blocking the economic and social coordinated and sustained development of Sichuan province and even the entire southwest. Minority regions in Sichuan became the key and difficult point areas for poverty alleviation. With the implementation of poverty alleviation targeting mechanism of our government"work to the village, support poverty to households", analyzing the causes of poverty and their influencing factors play an important role in poor areas of minority. This article used household survey data in minority areas to study the rural poverty and poverty of peasant household in minority areas, and analyze the reasons and impact factors of poverty of peasant household, finding out the influence factors of constraining the farmer to reduce poverty factor, to discuss the corresponding policies and measures to strengthen, the pertinence and rationality of the work is important in minority areas in Sichuan.
The main research contents include:at the basis of full integration of theoretical and actual research information, starting with the macro largely reflecting the status and characteristics of rural poverty in minority areas in Sichuan; followed by descriptive analysis of the survey data, reflecting the characteristics of farmers' human capital and the status of household poverty; again, the causes of poverty households were analyzed, relevant factors and indicators of decomposition of the poverty index and quantitative analysis of the impact of factors on the impact of poverty; and further to use Logistic model for regression analysis of influencing factors of poverty in order to reveal the impact of various factors on the extent and effect of poverty orientation. Finally, based on the conclusions, this paper discussed the policies and measures. of anti-poverty.Second, farmers are with the characteristics of a low level of human capital, weak rural vocational education and training, poor health status and low social participation in minority areas in Sichuan.
Through analysis, the main research conclusions drawn:First, rural poverty is with the characteristics that the population of absolute poverty is large, incidence of poverty is high, poverty in economic and poverty in knowledge and rights coexist, the number people of returning to poverty is large and the phenomenon of returning to poverty is serious in minority areas in Sichuan Province. Second, physical capital of rural households is relatively short, the Engel's coefficient reflecting the poverty of the peasant households is greater than 50%, indicating that farmers are basically at the subsistence stage, the task of poverty is still long way to go. Third, harsh natural environment, natural disasters, the high incidence of endemic and infectious diseases, low ability and quality of farmers, backwardness of the traditional cultural values and other reasons were causes leading to poor farmers. Fourth, the factors of the rural landscape and natural disasters, education level, health status, migrant workers, medical assistance and disaster relief are important for the poverty of the peasant households significantly. In particular, rural households living in where the country is mountainous and rural households affected by natural disasters are more vulnerable to poverty, The family of low educational level, serious illness or disability in family members and having not been working outside the home will be higher the probability of falling into poverty, and the implementation of policies of disaster medical and assistance aid for reducing poverty has important implications.
Based on the above research conclusion, put forward the following policy recommendations:①Pay attention to the improvement of living conditions in poor households and improve the ability of farmers to withstand natural disasters;②Increase investment in education and training to improve the level of the quality and ability of farmers to promote the transfer of labor, to encourage working outside;③Further improve the rural social security system.
本文的主要研究内容包括：在充分整合理论和实际调研资料的基础上,首先,从宏观层面分析四川少数民族地区农村贫困的现状及特征；其次,通过对调查数据的描述性统计分析农户人力资本等相关特征及农户贫困状况；再次,对农户贫困的成因进行分析,以及对影响农户贫困的因素进行贫困指数分解,定量分析各影响因素对贫困的影响；并进一步运用Logistic模型对农户贫困影响因素进行回归分析,揭示各个因素对贫困的影响程度及作用方向；最后根据结论提出反贫困的对策建议。
通过分析,本文得出的主要研究结论：第一,四川少数民族地区农村贫困具有绝对贫困人口多、贫困发生率高、经济贫困与知识、权利贫困并存和返贫人口数量大、返贫现象严重的特征。第二,四川民族地区农户具有人力资本含量较低,农村职业教育和培训薄弱,健康状况差,社会参与度低的特点。农户的物质资本相对短缺,反映农户贫困的恩格尔系数大于50%,说明农户基本处于温饱阶段,其反贫困的任务任重而道远。第三,自然环境恶劣、自然灾害频发、高发的地方病和传染病、农户能力素质低下、落后的传统文化观念等方面是导致农户贫困的原因。第四,所在乡村地形和自然灾害,农户的教育水平、健康状况、外出务工,医疗救助、灾害救助都对农户贫困有重要影响。具体而言,所在乡村为山区、遭受自然灾害的农户更容易陷入贫困,文化程度低、家中有人生重病或残疾、又未有人外出务工的家庭陷入贫困的概率也会更高,医疗救助和灾害救助政策的实施对于降低农户贫困具有重要影响。
根据上述研究结论,本文提出以下政策建议：①重视贫困户生产生活条件的改善,提高农户抵御自然灾害的能力；②加大教育培训投入,提高农户的能力素质水平,促进劳动力转移,鼓励外出务工；③进一步完善农村社会保障制度。
At present, poverty is still one of the main obstacles for constructing the harmonious society in our country, is an important root for China's current social instability, the poverty problem of minority regions are noticeable in China.So solving the problems of poverty in national minority areas is not only an economic problem, but also a national and political issues. Due to the influence of various factors, such as historical conditions, geographical distribution, natural conditions and ethnic culture, social economical development is still very lags behind in minority regions in Sichuan province, the phenomenon of poverty of peasant household is still serious. The phenomenon that poverty population is very large, and poverty level is very high, management difficulty is serious, substantially blocking the economic and social coordinated and sustained development of Sichuan province and even the entire southwest. Minority regions in Sichuan became the key and difficult point areas for poverty alleviation. With the implementation of poverty alleviation targeting mechanism of our government"work to the village, support poverty to households", analyzing the causes of poverty and their influencing factors play an important role in poor areas of minority. This article used household survey data in minority areas to study the rural poverty and poverty of peasant household in minority areas, and analyze the reasons and impact factors of poverty of peasant household, finding out the influence factors of constraining the farmer to reduce poverty factor, to discuss the corresponding policies and measures to strengthen, the pertinence and rationality of the work is important in minority areas in Sichuan.
The main research contents include:at the basis of full integration of theoretical and actual research information, starting with the macro largely reflecting the status and characteristics of rural poverty in minority areas in Sichuan; followed by descriptive analysis of the survey data, reflecting the characteristics of farmers' human capital and the status of household poverty; again, the causes of poverty households were analyzed, relevant factors and indicators of decomposition of the poverty index and quantitative analysis of the impact of factors on the impact of poverty; and further to use Logistic model for regression analysis of influencing factors of poverty in order to reveal the impact of various factors on the extent and effect of poverty orientation. Finally, based on the conclusions, this paper discussed the policies and measures. of anti-poverty.Second, farmers are with the characteristics of a low level of human capital, weak rural vocational education and training, poor health status and low social participation in minority areas in Sichuan.
Through analysis, the main research conclusions drawn:First, rural poverty is with the characteristics that the population of absolute poverty is large, incidence of poverty is high, poverty in economic and poverty in knowledge and rights coexist, the number people of returning to poverty is large and the phenomenon of returning to poverty is serious in minority areas in Sichuan Province. Second, physical capital of rural households is relatively short, the Engel's coefficient reflecting the poverty of the peasant households is greater than 50%, indicating that farmers are basically at the subsistence stage, the task of poverty is still long way to go. Third, harsh natural environment, natural disasters, the high incidence of endemic and infectious diseases, low ability and quality of farmers, backwardness of the traditional cultural values and other reasons were causes leading to poor farmers. Fourth, the factors of the rural landscape and natural disasters, education level, health status, migrant workers, medical assistance and disaster relief are important for the poverty of the peasant households significantly. In particular, rural households living in where the country is mountainous and rural households affected by natural disasters are more vulnerable to poverty, The family of low educational level, serious illness or disability in family members and having not been working outside the home will be higher the probability of falling into poverty, and the implementation of policies of disaster medical and assistance aid for reducing poverty has important implications.
Based on the above research conclusion, put forward the following policy recommendations:①Pay attention to the improvement of living conditions in poor households and improve the ability of farmers to withstand natural disasters;②Increase investment in education and training to improve the level of the quality and ability of farmers to promote the transfer of labor, to encourage working outside;③Further improve the rural social security system.
引文
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