基于成本—质量控制的工业设计知识管理研究
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摘要
随着知识经济的迅猛发展,知识已经成为一种重要的战略资源。众所周知,工业设计是一门高度综合性的交叉学科,涉及到众多学科领域。从知识的角度来看,工业设计是一种典型的“知识创新”活动,知识管理工作贯穿于整个工业设计流程中,提高工业设计知识管理水平对提高工业设计水平至关重要。研究表明,工业设计方案对全生命周期的产品成本和产品质量影响很大,而有效的工业设计知识管理可以从知识角度保证设计方案具有最优的成本和质量,因而是设计阶段成本-质量控制的有效方法。本文主要研究以成本-质量改善为目的的工业设计知识管理体系。
由于工业设计活动涉及多学科、多人员、多部门,因此设计管理工作变得很复杂。经验和知识背景不同的管理者和设计师,往往对设计过程中应予以重视的因素不能达成共识或是认识片面,造成设计缺陷和设计拖延。为了使设计和设计管理工作更加快速有效,重点突出,本文以工业设计程序的研究为理论依据,将工业设计活动归纳为一条由设计作业组成的设计链,阐述了工业设计链与全生命周期成本和质量的关系,提出了成本-质量因子权重模型。案例表明,该模型可以准确地预测各项设计工作的重要程度,从而确定设计和设计管理的重点。
本文研究了工业设计成本的概念、设计成本管理的目标和方法,提出综合使用目标成本法、作业成本法、价值工程和Kaizen成本法的工业设计成本管理的基本原则,能够在工业设计阶段有效控制产品全生命周期成本。并进一步研究了基于知识管理的目标成本预测技术,提出了结合支持向量回归和禁忌搜索算法的目标价格预测模型,实验表明该模型可以有效预测复杂工业产品的目标成本。研究了全生命周期的产品质量概念、设计质量管理的目标和方法,提出综合使用设计事理学、全面质量管理、田口方法、失效模型及效果分析、面向制造和装配的设计、质量功能展开的工业设计质量管理的基本原则,能够在工业设计阶段有效控制产品全生命周期的质量。并分析了工业设计知识管理与成本控制、质量控制之间的紧密联系。
工业设计不仅涉及众多纷繁复杂的知识,而且还是一个知识不断转化和创新的过程。本文分析了工业设计知识的特点,工业设计组织的特殊性,知识在工业设计流程中的转化机理,构建了以促进创新和优化产品全生命周期成本-质量为目标,发展信息管理技术和建设信息社交沟通渠道为手段,以隐性知识和显性知识相互转化为核心的工业设计知识管理框架,为工业设计知识管理提供了一种便于实施的模式。
虽然隐性知识管理是工业设计知识管理的重点,但显性知识对设计创新起着举足轻重的支撑作用,显性知识的寻找和整理、储存和流通是设计创新的基础,企业有必要发展知识管理系统,研究信息技术和网络技术在工业设计知识管理中的应用。为此,本文提出了基于非下采样轮廓波变换的设计图像清晰度评价方法,基于支持向量机和基于非下采样轮廓波变换的工业设计图像检索方法,实验表明上述方法可以有效地评价图像清晰度,快速有效地检索工业设计图像。
With the rapid development of knowledge-based economy, knowledge has become an important strategic resource. As we all know, the industrial design is a highly integrated cross-disciplinary, involving many disciplines. From the view of knowledge, the industrial design is a kind of typical "knowledge innovation" activity. Knowledge management involves throughout the industry design process. Improving the industrial design knowledge management is one important point to improve the level of industrial design. Researches show that industrial design has significant influences on the life-cycle cost and quality of the product. The effective industrial design knowledge management ensures that the design scheme has the best cost-quality from the angle of knowledge. This thesis mainly discusses the industrial design knowledge management system to improve the cost and quality of the product.
As industrial design activities involves multi-disciplinary, multi-person, multi-department, the design management becomes very complex. Experience and knowledge of managers and designers of different backgrounds, often can not reach a consensus on the important factors of design process, which will result in design delays or design flaws. In order to design and design management work more quickly and efficiently, more focused, this thesis presents that design process is a chain of design operation based on theories of industrial design procedure. The relationship between the design operation chain and life cycle cost and product quality are researched. Then the weight formula of design operation is proposed. Cases show that the model can accurately predict the importance of the design work to determine the focus of design and design management.
The concept of industrial design cost, goal and methods of design cost management are studied in this thesis. Then basic rules of design cost management, integrated using of Target Costing, Activity-Based Costing, Value Engineering, and Kaizen methods, is established, which can effectively control the product life cycle costs in industrial design phase. And target cost prediction technology combined support vector regression and tabu search algorithm, are proposed. Experiments show that the model can effectively predict the target cost of complex industrial products. Further, the concept of the whole life-cycle quality, goal and methods of design quality management are studied. A new design quality management method is proposed, which integrated the Design Affairology, Total Quality Management (TQM), Taguchi Method (TM), Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), and Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA)、Quality Function Deployment (QFD),which can control the product life cycle in industrial design phase. The close links between the industrial design knowledge management and cost control, quality control are discussed.
Considering all stages of industrial design processes, this thesis proposes industrial design is a continuous transformation of knowledge and innovation knowledge. Due to the special nature of its organization and cost-quality control objectives, this thesis proposes and analyzes the industrial design knowledge management includes two aspects: innovation management, designer management. Since knowledge management for industrial design focuses on tacit knowledge management, which is knowledge management is more using of measures to promote the social system of tacit knowledge dissemination, using and innovation, such as organizational culture and management system. Accordingly, four functions of the industrial design knowledge management and transformation process mechanism are studied.
Industrial design involves not only many complex knowledge, but also is an ongoing process of knowledge transformation and innovation. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the knowledge of industrial design, unique of industrial design organizations, knowledge transformation mechanism of industrial design process. A new industrial design knowledge management framework is built in order to promote innovation and optimize the full life-cycle cost-quality, using the development of information management technology and construction of social communication channels, with the core of the transformation between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. The proposed framework provides a convenient implementation model for industrial design knowledge management.
Altough the management of tacit knowledge of industrial design is the focus of industrial design knowledge management, the explicit knowledge plays a key supporting role of industrial design innovation. The the searching, sorting, storing and distribution of industrial design knowledge are the foundation of the knowledge management system, so enterprises need to develop the application of information technology and network technology in industrial design knowledge management. This thesis presents some methods on digital images clarity quality evaluation using non-subsampled contourlet, industrial design image retrieval using support vector machines, industrial design image retrieval based on non-subsampled contourlet transform and neural networks. Finally, the case studies of industrial design digital resources are used to illustrate the concrete application of knowledge management systems. Experiments show that the proposed methods can effectively evaluate the sharpness of the image, quickly and efficiently retrieve images of industrial design.
由于工业设计活动涉及多学科、多人员、多部门,因此设计管理工作变得很复杂。经验和知识背景不同的管理者和设计师,往往对设计过程中应予以重视的因素不能达成共识或是认识片面,造成设计缺陷和设计拖延。为了使设计和设计管理工作更加快速有效,重点突出,本文以工业设计程序的研究为理论依据,将工业设计活动归纳为一条由设计作业组成的设计链,阐述了工业设计链与全生命周期成本和质量的关系,提出了成本-质量因子权重模型。案例表明,该模型可以准确地预测各项设计工作的重要程度,从而确定设计和设计管理的重点。
本文研究了工业设计成本的概念、设计成本管理的目标和方法,提出综合使用目标成本法、作业成本法、价值工程和Kaizen成本法的工业设计成本管理的基本原则,能够在工业设计阶段有效控制产品全生命周期成本。并进一步研究了基于知识管理的目标成本预测技术,提出了结合支持向量回归和禁忌搜索算法的目标价格预测模型,实验表明该模型可以有效预测复杂工业产品的目标成本。研究了全生命周期的产品质量概念、设计质量管理的目标和方法,提出综合使用设计事理学、全面质量管理、田口方法、失效模型及效果分析、面向制造和装配的设计、质量功能展开的工业设计质量管理的基本原则,能够在工业设计阶段有效控制产品全生命周期的质量。并分析了工业设计知识管理与成本控制、质量控制之间的紧密联系。
工业设计不仅涉及众多纷繁复杂的知识,而且还是一个知识不断转化和创新的过程。本文分析了工业设计知识的特点,工业设计组织的特殊性,知识在工业设计流程中的转化机理,构建了以促进创新和优化产品全生命周期成本-质量为目标,发展信息管理技术和建设信息社交沟通渠道为手段,以隐性知识和显性知识相互转化为核心的工业设计知识管理框架,为工业设计知识管理提供了一种便于实施的模式。
虽然隐性知识管理是工业设计知识管理的重点,但显性知识对设计创新起着举足轻重的支撑作用,显性知识的寻找和整理、储存和流通是设计创新的基础,企业有必要发展知识管理系统,研究信息技术和网络技术在工业设计知识管理中的应用。为此,本文提出了基于非下采样轮廓波变换的设计图像清晰度评价方法,基于支持向量机和基于非下采样轮廓波变换的工业设计图像检索方法,实验表明上述方法可以有效地评价图像清晰度,快速有效地检索工业设计图像。
With the rapid development of knowledge-based economy, knowledge has become an important strategic resource. As we all know, the industrial design is a highly integrated cross-disciplinary, involving many disciplines. From the view of knowledge, the industrial design is a kind of typical "knowledge innovation" activity. Knowledge management involves throughout the industry design process. Improving the industrial design knowledge management is one important point to improve the level of industrial design. Researches show that industrial design has significant influences on the life-cycle cost and quality of the product. The effective industrial design knowledge management ensures that the design scheme has the best cost-quality from the angle of knowledge. This thesis mainly discusses the industrial design knowledge management system to improve the cost and quality of the product.
As industrial design activities involves multi-disciplinary, multi-person, multi-department, the design management becomes very complex. Experience and knowledge of managers and designers of different backgrounds, often can not reach a consensus on the important factors of design process, which will result in design delays or design flaws. In order to design and design management work more quickly and efficiently, more focused, this thesis presents that design process is a chain of design operation based on theories of industrial design procedure. The relationship between the design operation chain and life cycle cost and product quality are researched. Then the weight formula of design operation is proposed. Cases show that the model can accurately predict the importance of the design work to determine the focus of design and design management.
The concept of industrial design cost, goal and methods of design cost management are studied in this thesis. Then basic rules of design cost management, integrated using of Target Costing, Activity-Based Costing, Value Engineering, and Kaizen methods, is established, which can effectively control the product life cycle costs in industrial design phase. And target cost prediction technology combined support vector regression and tabu search algorithm, are proposed. Experiments show that the model can effectively predict the target cost of complex industrial products. Further, the concept of the whole life-cycle quality, goal and methods of design quality management are studied. A new design quality management method is proposed, which integrated the Design Affairology, Total Quality Management (TQM), Taguchi Method (TM), Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), and Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA)、Quality Function Deployment (QFD),which can control the product life cycle in industrial design phase. The close links between the industrial design knowledge management and cost control, quality control are discussed.
Considering all stages of industrial design processes, this thesis proposes industrial design is a continuous transformation of knowledge and innovation knowledge. Due to the special nature of its organization and cost-quality control objectives, this thesis proposes and analyzes the industrial design knowledge management includes two aspects: innovation management, designer management. Since knowledge management for industrial design focuses on tacit knowledge management, which is knowledge management is more using of measures to promote the social system of tacit knowledge dissemination, using and innovation, such as organizational culture and management system. Accordingly, four functions of the industrial design knowledge management and transformation process mechanism are studied.
Industrial design involves not only many complex knowledge, but also is an ongoing process of knowledge transformation and innovation. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the knowledge of industrial design, unique of industrial design organizations, knowledge transformation mechanism of industrial design process. A new industrial design knowledge management framework is built in order to promote innovation and optimize the full life-cycle cost-quality, using the development of information management technology and construction of social communication channels, with the core of the transformation between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. The proposed framework provides a convenient implementation model for industrial design knowledge management.
Altough the management of tacit knowledge of industrial design is the focus of industrial design knowledge management, the explicit knowledge plays a key supporting role of industrial design innovation. The the searching, sorting, storing and distribution of industrial design knowledge are the foundation of the knowledge management system, so enterprises need to develop the application of information technology and network technology in industrial design knowledge management. This thesis presents some methods on digital images clarity quality evaluation using non-subsampled contourlet, industrial design image retrieval using support vector machines, industrial design image retrieval based on non-subsampled contourlet transform and neural networks. Finally, the case studies of industrial design digital resources are used to illustrate the concrete application of knowledge management systems. Experiments show that the proposed methods can effectively evaluate the sharpness of the image, quickly and efficiently retrieve images of industrial design.
引文
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