基于动态联盟的房地产开发模式研究
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摘要
1998年,国务院发布了《国务院关于进一步深化城镇住房制度改革加快住房建设的通知》(国发[1998]23号),宣告了计划经济时代福利分房的结束,迎来了市场经济时代商品房建设的高潮。住房货币化分配后,带来了房地产业的第二次腾飞,房地产业的竞争也越来越激烈。房地产业是资金密集型行业,并需要全方位的资源整合。而目前,我国房地产企业众多,自有资金较少,规模偏小,抗风险能力差。在产业集中度和房屋开发水平逐步提高的情况下,房地产企业尤其是中小房地产企业需要寻求新的发展道路和发展模式。从长远来看,基于动态联盟的房地产开发模式是一条适合的发展道路。
20世纪90年代初,国外提出了一种新型的企业管理思想“动态联盟”,它最早用于制造业,随着理论的成熟和发展,目前已被很多行业借鉴和使用。本文运用动态联盟的基本思想,将其引入到房地产开发模式中,对房地产动态联盟构建、运行等问题作了深入的研究,旨在建立一个比较完整的房地产动态联盟开发模式。论文介绍了动态联盟的基本概念和特点,界定了基于动态联盟的房地产开发模式的概念,并说明将动态联盟引入房地产开发的意义;分析了房地产动态联盟风险管理优势和冲突管理优势,并从交易费用理论、合作竞争理论和核心能力理论三个方面研究房地产动态联盟的科学性;从盟员选择、组织设计、运行机制三个层次研究了基于动态联盟的房地产开发模式的组建和运行,构建合理的利益分配机制、合作机制、协调机制和跨文化管理机制;利用平衡记分卡思想和模糊综合评价方法对房地产动态联盟的绩效评价的流程和方法进行了研究,努力提高动态联盟的效率。
随着国家对房地产市场的宏观调控,银根和地根呈紧缩的趋势,房地产企业的生存和发展压力越来越大。为了在激烈的市场竞争中继续生存和获得长久竞争优势,就必须积极探索更加合理的发展模式。基于动态联盟的房地产开发模式可以实现资源共享、风险共担、优势互补、增强竞争优势等战略目标,可以凭借资金、技术、人才等的交流提高土地开发经营效益,可以有效应对激烈的房地产市场竞争。如果积极构建基于动态联盟的房地产开发模式,就可以降低经营风险,实现互利双赢,使有限的资源发挥最大的经济效益和社会效益,促进房地产开发企业的可持续发展。
In 1998, the State Department released "the notice on deepening the urban housing system reform and accelerating housing construction further of the State Department" (the State Department [1998] 23rd), declared the end of the welfare-oriented public housing distribution system of era of planned economy, and welcomed the high tide of construction of commodity apartment of market economy era. After house monetization is distributed, it has brought the second rapid development of the real estate, and the competition of the real estate is fiercer and fiercer. The real estate is the intensive trade of the fund, and need omni-directional integration of the resources. And at present, real estate enterprises of our country are numerous, there is less own fund, the scale is small, and the ability to resist risk is bad. In a situation that develop competence to improve progressively in industry's concentration degree and house , real estate enterprises, especially medium and small real estate enterprise need to seek the new development path and development model. In the long run, the development mode of real estate based on dynamic alliance is a development path that is suitable for.
At the beginning of 1990s, it put forward a kind of new-type "Dynamic Alliance" of business administration thought abroad, it is used in the manufacturing industry first, has already been drawn lessons from and used by a lot of trades at present with the maturity and development of the theory. This text uses the basic thought based on dynamic alliance, introduce it in the development mode of the real estate, the question of structuring, operating to the dynamic alliance of the real estate etc. has done deep research, aim at setting up a more intact dynamic alliance's development mode of real estate. The thesis has introduced the basic conception and characteristic of the dynamic alliance, define the concept based on real estate development mode of the dynamic alliance, and prove that introduces the meaning of development of real estate of the dynamic alliance; Have analyzed that manages the advantage in dynamic alliance's risk management advantage and conflict of the real estate, and study the science of the dynamic alliance of the real estate from expenses theory of the trade, cooperative competition theory and key three respects of ability theory; Choose, organize the design, three levels of operating mechanism to study the set-up and operation based on real estate development mode of the dynamic alliance from the member of an alliance, structure the rational mechanism of distribution of interests, cooperative mechanism, coordinate the mechanism and cross-cultural mechanism of management; Is it is it keep the score card thought and fuzzy to think method is it study to go on to real estate dynamic procedure and method that performance appraise of alliance synthetically to balance to utilize, make great efforts to improve the efficiency of the dynamic alliance.
With the macro adjustments and controls of the real estate market of the country, money market and present root tighten trend, and heavier to develop pressure in the real estate enterprise one existence. In order to survive and obtain for a long time and compete for the advantage in the fierce market competition, must explore more rational development model actively. Such strategic objectives as the development mode of real estate based on dynamic alliance can realize the resource-sharing , shared risks, having complementary advantages, strengthening the competition advantage, can rely on the exchanges of fund, technology, talent, etc. to improve the land and develop benefit , there can be effects to the fierce real estate market competition. So long as structure the development mode of real estate based on dynamic alliance actively, can reduce the business risk, realize mutual beneficial win-win, make limited resources give play to the greatest economic benefits and social benefit, promote the sustainable development of enterprises of development of real estate.
20世纪90年代初,国外提出了一种新型的企业管理思想“动态联盟”,它最早用于制造业,随着理论的成熟和发展,目前已被很多行业借鉴和使用。本文运用动态联盟的基本思想,将其引入到房地产开发模式中,对房地产动态联盟构建、运行等问题作了深入的研究,旨在建立一个比较完整的房地产动态联盟开发模式。论文介绍了动态联盟的基本概念和特点,界定了基于动态联盟的房地产开发模式的概念,并说明将动态联盟引入房地产开发的意义;分析了房地产动态联盟风险管理优势和冲突管理优势,并从交易费用理论、合作竞争理论和核心能力理论三个方面研究房地产动态联盟的科学性;从盟员选择、组织设计、运行机制三个层次研究了基于动态联盟的房地产开发模式的组建和运行,构建合理的利益分配机制、合作机制、协调机制和跨文化管理机制;利用平衡记分卡思想和模糊综合评价方法对房地产动态联盟的绩效评价的流程和方法进行了研究,努力提高动态联盟的效率。
随着国家对房地产市场的宏观调控,银根和地根呈紧缩的趋势,房地产企业的生存和发展压力越来越大。为了在激烈的市场竞争中继续生存和获得长久竞争优势,就必须积极探索更加合理的发展模式。基于动态联盟的房地产开发模式可以实现资源共享、风险共担、优势互补、增强竞争优势等战略目标,可以凭借资金、技术、人才等的交流提高土地开发经营效益,可以有效应对激烈的房地产市场竞争。如果积极构建基于动态联盟的房地产开发模式,就可以降低经营风险,实现互利双赢,使有限的资源发挥最大的经济效益和社会效益,促进房地产开发企业的可持续发展。
In 1998, the State Department released "the notice on deepening the urban housing system reform and accelerating housing construction further of the State Department" (the State Department [1998] 23rd), declared the end of the welfare-oriented public housing distribution system of era of planned economy, and welcomed the high tide of construction of commodity apartment of market economy era. After house monetization is distributed, it has brought the second rapid development of the real estate, and the competition of the real estate is fiercer and fiercer. The real estate is the intensive trade of the fund, and need omni-directional integration of the resources. And at present, real estate enterprises of our country are numerous, there is less own fund, the scale is small, and the ability to resist risk is bad. In a situation that develop competence to improve progressively in industry's concentration degree and house , real estate enterprises, especially medium and small real estate enterprise need to seek the new development path and development model. In the long run, the development mode of real estate based on dynamic alliance is a development path that is suitable for.
At the beginning of 1990s, it put forward a kind of new-type "Dynamic Alliance" of business administration thought abroad, it is used in the manufacturing industry first, has already been drawn lessons from and used by a lot of trades at present with the maturity and development of the theory. This text uses the basic thought based on dynamic alliance, introduce it in the development mode of the real estate, the question of structuring, operating to the dynamic alliance of the real estate etc. has done deep research, aim at setting up a more intact dynamic alliance's development mode of real estate. The thesis has introduced the basic conception and characteristic of the dynamic alliance, define the concept based on real estate development mode of the dynamic alliance, and prove that introduces the meaning of development of real estate of the dynamic alliance; Have analyzed that manages the advantage in dynamic alliance's risk management advantage and conflict of the real estate, and study the science of the dynamic alliance of the real estate from expenses theory of the trade, cooperative competition theory and key three respects of ability theory; Choose, organize the design, three levels of operating mechanism to study the set-up and operation based on real estate development mode of the dynamic alliance from the member of an alliance, structure the rational mechanism of distribution of interests, cooperative mechanism, coordinate the mechanism and cross-cultural mechanism of management; Is it is it keep the score card thought and fuzzy to think method is it study to go on to real estate dynamic procedure and method that performance appraise of alliance synthetically to balance to utilize, make great efforts to improve the efficiency of the dynamic alliance.
With the macro adjustments and controls of the real estate market of the country, money market and present root tighten trend, and heavier to develop pressure in the real estate enterprise one existence. In order to survive and obtain for a long time and compete for the advantage in the fierce market competition, must explore more rational development model actively. Such strategic objectives as the development mode of real estate based on dynamic alliance can realize the resource-sharing , shared risks, having complementary advantages, strengthening the competition advantage, can rely on the exchanges of fund, technology, talent, etc. to improve the land and develop benefit , there can be effects to the fierce real estate market competition. So long as structure the development mode of real estate based on dynamic alliance actively, can reduce the business risk, realize mutual beneficial win-win, make limited resources give play to the greatest economic benefits and social benefit, promote the sustainable development of enterprises of development of real estate.
引文
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[3] Steven L. Goldman, Roger N. Nagel, Kenneth Preiss. Agile Competitors and Virtual Organizations. Van Nostrand Renhold, 1994
[4] Bernus P, Nemes L. Organizational Design: Dynamically Creating and Sustaining Integrated Virtual Enterprises. Proceedings of the 14th World Congress of International Federation of Automatic Control(IFAC), Pergamon Press, 1999
[5] Mezgar, Kovacs G L. Co-ordination of SME Production through a Co-operative Network. Jouranl of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1998(9):167～172
[6] Katzy B R. Design and Implementation of Virtual Organization. Proc. 31st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Science,1998: 142～150
[7] NIIIP inc. NIIIP Reference Architecture. www.niiip.org
[8] 叶丹,占德臣,徐晓飞.企业的敏捷性及其度量体系.中国机械工程, 1998, 9(4):21～23
[9] 徐晓飞, 占德臣, 叶丹等. 动态联盟企业组织方法体系.计算机集成制造系统, 1999, 1: 7～12
[10] 冯蔚东, 陈剑等.虚拟企业组织设计过程模型与试应用.计算机集成制造系统(CIMS), 2000, 6(3): 17～24
[11] 陈志祥, 陈荣秋, 马士华.虚拟企业管理模式研究.科学管理研究, 1998, 6(3): 27～29
[12] 赵伟, 韩文秀, 罗永泰.面向虚拟企业的组织框架设计.管理工程学报, 2000, 14(1): 35～37
[13] 卢宁宁, 吴冲锋. 试论我国企业组织的虚拟与创新.科技进步与对策, 1997, 15(2): 11～15
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