Mn-系中、低碳贝氏体结构钢的制备与性能研究
摘要
当前研究表明,非调质钢进行热加工后空冷就能达到调质钢的强度水平,但其塑性,尤其是韧性远低于调质钢的水平,限制了其应用范围。本文所研制的贝氏体钢具有优良的强韧性配合,对于解决现有非调质钢韧性不足的瓶颈有着重要意义。
本文采用组织观察,常规力学性能测试等多种方法研究了Mn-系中、低碳贝氏体钢的成分、组织、热处理与性能的关系。通过Si含量的变化,探讨了Si对中、低碳Mn-系贝氏体钢性能和组织的影响。由于Mo是贵重元素,讨论了不加Mo对性能和组织的影响。结果表明,低碳钢经奥氏体化后空冷为粒贝组织,中碳钢经奥氏体化后空冷为贝氏体/马氏体复相组织。随Si含量的提高,回火脆性出现的温度(曲线峰谷)逐步提高,峰谷值呈下降趋势。Si含量达到1.7%后,其高温回火韧性低于未回火状态下的数值,低碳高Si钢640℃回火时冲击韧性仅为80J,中碳高Si钢仅为25J。低碳钢Si含量在0.84～1.46%时,580℃回火,抗拉强度>850Mpa,冲击韧性>160J,强韧性配合优良。含Mo钢将回火脆性曲线向右推移,峰谷值出现的回火温度升高。到了高温回火阶段,无Mo钢的冲击韧性高于有Mo钢。低碳钢中Si对组织形貌产生显著影响,随Si含量的提高,组织中的M/A岛形貌由块状岛到条状岛、继而又变成块状岛。
本文通过测定低碳Si钢的CCT曲线,研究了Si和少量Mo对贝氏体转变的影响。结果表明,在其他元素含量不变的情况下,随着Si含量的增加,Si使CCT曲线的贝氏体转变温度降低,所获组织中M/A小岛更为细小。当Si含量达到1.46%后,Si不再使Bs点降低。增加低Si钢中的Si含量,可以有效推迟高温转变的临界冷速。Mo能有效推迟高温转变,使Ms点下降。含Mo试验钢在较宽的冷速范围内只发生贝氏体转变。
Non-quenched and tempered steel can have coequal strength withquenched and tempered steel by air-cooling after hot-working treatment. Butplastic property, especially fracture toughness property of non-quenched andtempered steel is so low that it can't be widely used. Tested steels of this workhave a good combinability of σb and Aku. It is vital for extensive use ofnon-quenched and tempered steel.
The relation among composition, structure, heat treatment andperformance of low carbon and medium carbon bainitic steel was investigatedby microstructure and general mechanical properties etc. The difference ofstructure and mechanical properties was studied though the increasing Sicontent and a little content of Mo. The results showed that granular bainitemicrostructure could be obtained by air-cooling after austenization in lowcarbon bainitic steel and bainite/martensite mixed microstructure could beobtained by air-cooling after austenization in medium carbon bainitic steel.Temperature of tempering brittleness happening increased and valley value ofcurve reduced though the increasing content of Si. Aku after high temperaturetempering was lower than non-tempered steel when the content of Si is 1.7%.σb and Aku have a good combinability between 0.7~1.4% Si content when thesteel was tempered at 580℃, σb>850Mpa and Aku>160J. Temperature oftempering brittleness happening increased when a few content of Mo wasadded. σ b of Mo steel is lower than free Mo steel at high temperingtemperature. Figure of M/A island transformed from massive island tobanding island to massive island through the increasing content of Si.
Studies of alloying(Si and Mo) agent's effect on transition temperatureof bainite by determining CCT curve were carried out in low carbon steel. Theresults showed that the beginning transition temperature of bainite can befurther depressed though the increasing content of Si. And Si had week effect
on the beginning transition temperature of bainite when the content of Si wasabove 1.4%. Critical cooling velocity falled down when more Si was added inlow content of Si steel. The curve of high temperature transition in CCTfigure was postponed and the beginning transition temperature of martensitewas depressed though the adding of Mo. Cooling velocity domain of bainitetransition of Mo steel is wider than Mo free steel. All of the above results hadlaid a foundation for the extensive use Mn-bainitic steel as structural steel.
本文采用组织观察,常规力学性能测试等多种方法研究了Mn-系中、低碳贝氏体钢的成分、组织、热处理与性能的关系。通过Si含量的变化,探讨了Si对中、低碳Mn-系贝氏体钢性能和组织的影响。由于Mo是贵重元素,讨论了不加Mo对性能和组织的影响。结果表明,低碳钢经奥氏体化后空冷为粒贝组织,中碳钢经奥氏体化后空冷为贝氏体/马氏体复相组织。随Si含量的提高,回火脆性出现的温度(曲线峰谷)逐步提高,峰谷值呈下降趋势。Si含量达到1.7%后,其高温回火韧性低于未回火状态下的数值,低碳高Si钢640℃回火时冲击韧性仅为80J,中碳高Si钢仅为25J。低碳钢Si含量在0.84～1.46%时,580℃回火,抗拉强度>850Mpa,冲击韧性>160J,强韧性配合优良。含Mo钢将回火脆性曲线向右推移,峰谷值出现的回火温度升高。到了高温回火阶段,无Mo钢的冲击韧性高于有Mo钢。低碳钢中Si对组织形貌产生显著影响,随Si含量的提高,组织中的M/A岛形貌由块状岛到条状岛、继而又变成块状岛。
本文通过测定低碳Si钢的CCT曲线,研究了Si和少量Mo对贝氏体转变的影响。结果表明,在其他元素含量不变的情况下,随着Si含量的增加,Si使CCT曲线的贝氏体转变温度降低,所获组织中M/A小岛更为细小。当Si含量达到1.46%后,Si不再使Bs点降低。增加低Si钢中的Si含量,可以有效推迟高温转变的临界冷速。Mo能有效推迟高温转变,使Ms点下降。含Mo试验钢在较宽的冷速范围内只发生贝氏体转变。
Non-quenched and tempered steel can have coequal strength withquenched and tempered steel by air-cooling after hot-working treatment. Butplastic property, especially fracture toughness property of non-quenched andtempered steel is so low that it can't be widely used. Tested steels of this workhave a good combinability of σb and Aku. It is vital for extensive use ofnon-quenched and tempered steel.
The relation among composition, structure, heat treatment andperformance of low carbon and medium carbon bainitic steel was investigatedby microstructure and general mechanical properties etc. The difference ofstructure and mechanical properties was studied though the increasing Sicontent and a little content of Mo. The results showed that granular bainitemicrostructure could be obtained by air-cooling after austenization in lowcarbon bainitic steel and bainite/martensite mixed microstructure could beobtained by air-cooling after austenization in medium carbon bainitic steel.Temperature of tempering brittleness happening increased and valley value ofcurve reduced though the increasing content of Si. Aku after high temperaturetempering was lower than non-tempered steel when the content of Si is 1.7%.σb and Aku have a good combinability between 0.7~1.4% Si content when thesteel was tempered at 580℃, σb>850Mpa and Aku>160J. Temperature oftempering brittleness happening increased when a few content of Mo wasadded. σ b of Mo steel is lower than free Mo steel at high temperingtemperature. Figure of M/A island transformed from massive island tobanding island to massive island through the increasing content of Si.
Studies of alloying(Si and Mo) agent's effect on transition temperatureof bainite by determining CCT curve were carried out in low carbon steel. Theresults showed that the beginning transition temperature of bainite can befurther depressed though the increasing content of Si. And Si had week effect
on the beginning transition temperature of bainite when the content of Si wasabove 1.4%. Critical cooling velocity falled down when more Si was added inlow content of Si steel. The curve of high temperature transition in CCTfigure was postponed and the beginning transition temperature of martensitewas depressed though the adding of Mo. Cooling velocity domain of bainitetransition of Mo steel is wider than Mo free steel. All of the above results hadlaid a foundation for the extensive use Mn-bainitic steel as structural steel.
引文
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[2] 瞿国鸿.非调质钢的发展及开发策略.重庆钢铁高等专科学校学报,1999, 14(1):12～17
[3] 董成瑞,金同哲.非调质钢研究与应用的新进展.特殊钢,1996,4:6～10
[4] 赵丽萍,于春海,段锐.非调质钢分类的研究,吉林农业大学学报.1992,21(4):78～80,84
[5] 王勇,何光楚,揭晓华.非调质钢的性能与发展及在汽车上的应用. 湖北汽车工业学院学报,1999,13(4):65～69,77
[6] 雍歧龙,马鸣图,吴宝榕.微合金-物力和力学冶金.北京:机械工业出版社,1989:591~616
[7] 中国金属学会特殊钢分会微合金非调质钢委员会.微合金非调质钢汇编.北京:19～64
[8] 山本俊郎.热处理,1983,23(2):13
[9] 何光楚,顾教有. 东风汽车公司系列非调质钢零件研究与应用.第十一届汽车材料年会论坛文集.十堰:东风汽车公司,1998:106～118
[10] R. W. K. Honeycombe, F. B. Pickering. Ferrite and Bainite in Alloy Steel. Met. Trans., 1971, 3(209): 476～478
[11] Y. Ohmori, H. Ohtani, T. Kunitake. Tempering of the bainite and the bainite/martensite duplex structure in low-carbon low-alloy steel. Met. Sci. J., 1974, 8(11): 357～366
[12] 李代锺. 钢中的非金属夹杂物. 北京:科学出版社,1983. 199～211
[13] 邦立武郎.钢的混合组织与韧性. 日本金属学会会报,1975,14(9):689～697
[14] Y. Tomita. Effect of microstructure on plan-strain fracture toughness of AISI 4340 steel. Metall. Trans., 1988, 19A(10): 2513～2521
[15] D. P. Edwards. Toughness of Martensite and Bainite in a 3%Ni-Cr-Mo-v Steel. JISI, 1969, 207: 1494
[16] Y. Tomita. Effect of microstructure on fracture toughness JⅠc of heat-treated 0.4-Cr-Mo-Ni structural low alloy steel. Mater. Sci. Techn., 1990, 6(4): 349～355
[17] Luerssen G. V., Greene O. V. Torsion Impact Properties of Carbon Tool Steel. Trans. ASM, 1935,23: 861
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