基于分布式电源的微网控制及运行优化研究
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摘要
近年来,世界范围内出现了严峻的能源与环境问题,随着用电需求的上升传统集中式大电网也暴露出了一定的弊端,发展基于新能源分布式电源的微网系统是解决上述问题的重要手段。本文对基于分布式电源的微网控制和运行优化进行了研究,首先提出了适用于多种新能源分布式电源的微网结构,建立了系统的仿真模型,并对分布式电源中并网逆变器并网和微网运行基本控制策略进行了探讨。在此基础上,分别对微网系统中直流母线能量的最优利用方法、并网谐波补偿方法和孤岛检测方法进行了优化研究,有效提升了微网系统运行性能。根据微网和智能电网的发展趋势,设计了包含双向潮流分析和能量管理的智能控制平台,提高了微网系统的信息化、智能化水平。最终,搭建了智能微网系统实验平台,取得了良好的实验结果。本论文的主要工作如下：
1、微网系统的组成结构分析和建模。
针对中小功率等级的微网系统,提出一种包含了直流母线和交流母线的结构,并根据该微网系统中的各个部分的模型建立了Matlab/simulink平台的仿真模型。
2、分布式电源在微网中的基本控制策略及改进方法。
提出了DC/DC变换器、DC/AC变换器及微网运行的控制方法和逆变器并联时环流的抑制方法。特别针对DC/AC变换器的低谐波SVPWM调制死区时间注入方法、抗干扰数字锁相环提出了新的设计思路。
3、提出了直流母线能量的最优利用方法。
通过分析直流母线上光伏电池和风力发电机两种微源的输出功率特性,提出了一种具有广泛适用性的最大功率跟踪算法及直流母线整体能量最优利用的协调控制策略。
4、设计了分布式电源在微网中的谐波补偿方法。
通过对微网中谐波源的分析,结合有源电力滤波器的谐波补偿原理,设计了一种新型的分布式电源并网运行过程中对微网谐波进行补偿的控制算法。通过将谐波补偿控制器计算的补偿信号注入逆变器调制波,可以在分布式电源并网的同时实现谐波补偿,提高微网系统并网的电能质量。
5、提出了微网系统中基于三次谐波扰动的孤岛检测方法。
针对目前孤岛检测方法输出谐波含量大,检测盲区大的不足,在谐波补偿算法的基础上,本文提出了一种响应快,谐波扰动量相对常规方法简单可控,对电网谐波污染小的基于三次谐波扰动的孤岛检测方法。
6、设计了微网中双向潮流分析及能量管理的智能控制平台。
为微网系统设计了基于Android系统的智能控制平台,对微网的双向潮流进行分析,实现了实时电能交易和微网系统能量管理,有助于提高用户的舒适度和整体管理效率。重点讨论了智能平台的搭建方法、双向潮流计算方法及能量管理控制策略等。
7、搭建微网系统实验平台。
搭建了包含模拟风力发电机、太阳能电池、电子负载、模拟微网和基于DSP+FPGA控制器的分布式电源实验平台,配合光伏示范电站、市电接口等,满足了整个微网控制系统的实验需求。
In recent years, the worldwide energy and environmental problems become more and more serious; as the demand for electricity increases, the traditional centralized power grid has already exposed some disadvantages, and the development of microgrid system based on new energy distributed generation is an important method to solve the above problems. This paper is concerned of the research on microgrid control based on distributed generation and operation optimization. The microgrid structure which suitable for a variety of new energy distributed generation has been proposed, the system simulation model was established and the grid-connected inverter and microgrid operation control strategy were discussed. On this basis, the optimization research on optimal energy utilization method of DC bus in microgrid system, compensation method of the grid harmonic and the island detection method has been done, and the operation effect of microgrid system has been increased effectively. According to the development trend of microgrid and smart grid, the intelligent control system includes bidirectional power flow analysis and energy management has been designed, the informatization and intelligent level of the microgrid has been improved. Finally, a smart microgrid system experimental platform has been built and achieved good results. The main work of this paper is as following:
1、The microgrid system structure analysis and modeling
For microgrid systems with small and medium-sized power level, a DC bus and communication bus structure has been put forward. According to the model of each part in microgrid system, the simulation model on Matlab/simulink platform has been built.
2、The control strategy of distributed power in microgrid
Put forward the control method of DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter, microgrid operation and the circulation suppression method under the condition of parallel inverter. Especially proposed new design method of low harmonic SVPWM modulation dead zone time injection of DC/AC converter and anti-interference digital phase locked loop.
3、The optimal energy utilization method of DC bus
Through the analysis on output characteristics of two kinds of micro source:the photovoltaic battery and wind generator used in DC bus, a maximum power tracking algorithm with widely applicability and the coordinated control strategy to ensure the optimal utilization of the overall energy produced by the DC bus has been proposed.
4、Harmonic compensation method of distributed generation in microgrid
By analysing the harmonic source of microgrid, according to the harmonic compensation principle of active power filter, a new type of compensation control algorithm has been designed, which compensate the harmonic during the distributed generation connected to the microgrid. By injecting the compensating signal which calculated by harmonic compensation controller to inverter modulation wave, distributed power grid and harmonic compensation can be realized at the same, the quality of energy produced by the micronet system can be improved.
5、Islanding detection method based on the third harmonic disturbances
As the traditional island detection method has the disadvantages of high output harmonic content and large detection blind area, by using the harmonic compensation algorithm, an islanding detection method based on the third harmonic disturbances was proposed. This method has the advantage of shorter response time, easier harmonic disturbance control and less harmonic pollution.
6、Designed a intelligent control platform of bidirectional power flow analysis and energy management
For microgrid system, an intelligent control platform based on Android system has been designed, by the result of analisis of the bidirectional power flow in microgrid, the users can decide to buy or sell the electric energy. With this platform, user comfort and the overall efficiency of management can be improved. The intelligent platform structures, bi-directional power flow calculation method and energy management control strategies have been discussed.
7、Built microgrid system experimental platform
Distributed generation experimental platform based on DSP+FPGA controller including simulation wind generator, solar array, electronic load, simulation microgrid has been built, together with the photovoltaic demonstration power station and public power grid interface, the whole microgrid system control can be realized.
1、微网系统的组成结构分析和建模。
针对中小功率等级的微网系统,提出一种包含了直流母线和交流母线的结构,并根据该微网系统中的各个部分的模型建立了Matlab/simulink平台的仿真模型。
2、分布式电源在微网中的基本控制策略及改进方法。
提出了DC/DC变换器、DC/AC变换器及微网运行的控制方法和逆变器并联时环流的抑制方法。特别针对DC/AC变换器的低谐波SVPWM调制死区时间注入方法、抗干扰数字锁相环提出了新的设计思路。
3、提出了直流母线能量的最优利用方法。
通过分析直流母线上光伏电池和风力发电机两种微源的输出功率特性,提出了一种具有广泛适用性的最大功率跟踪算法及直流母线整体能量最优利用的协调控制策略。
4、设计了分布式电源在微网中的谐波补偿方法。
通过对微网中谐波源的分析,结合有源电力滤波器的谐波补偿原理,设计了一种新型的分布式电源并网运行过程中对微网谐波进行补偿的控制算法。通过将谐波补偿控制器计算的补偿信号注入逆变器调制波,可以在分布式电源并网的同时实现谐波补偿,提高微网系统并网的电能质量。
5、提出了微网系统中基于三次谐波扰动的孤岛检测方法。
针对目前孤岛检测方法输出谐波含量大,检测盲区大的不足,在谐波补偿算法的基础上,本文提出了一种响应快,谐波扰动量相对常规方法简单可控,对电网谐波污染小的基于三次谐波扰动的孤岛检测方法。
6、设计了微网中双向潮流分析及能量管理的智能控制平台。
为微网系统设计了基于Android系统的智能控制平台,对微网的双向潮流进行分析,实现了实时电能交易和微网系统能量管理,有助于提高用户的舒适度和整体管理效率。重点讨论了智能平台的搭建方法、双向潮流计算方法及能量管理控制策略等。
7、搭建微网系统实验平台。
搭建了包含模拟风力发电机、太阳能电池、电子负载、模拟微网和基于DSP+FPGA控制器的分布式电源实验平台,配合光伏示范电站、市电接口等,满足了整个微网控制系统的实验需求。
In recent years, the worldwide energy and environmental problems become more and more serious; as the demand for electricity increases, the traditional centralized power grid has already exposed some disadvantages, and the development of microgrid system based on new energy distributed generation is an important method to solve the above problems. This paper is concerned of the research on microgrid control based on distributed generation and operation optimization. The microgrid structure which suitable for a variety of new energy distributed generation has been proposed, the system simulation model was established and the grid-connected inverter and microgrid operation control strategy were discussed. On this basis, the optimization research on optimal energy utilization method of DC bus in microgrid system, compensation method of the grid harmonic and the island detection method has been done, and the operation effect of microgrid system has been increased effectively. According to the development trend of microgrid and smart grid, the intelligent control system includes bidirectional power flow analysis and energy management has been designed, the informatization and intelligent level of the microgrid has been improved. Finally, a smart microgrid system experimental platform has been built and achieved good results. The main work of this paper is as following:
1、The microgrid system structure analysis and modeling
For microgrid systems with small and medium-sized power level, a DC bus and communication bus structure has been put forward. According to the model of each part in microgrid system, the simulation model on Matlab/simulink platform has been built.
2、The control strategy of distributed power in microgrid
Put forward the control method of DC/DC converter, DC/AC converter, microgrid operation and the circulation suppression method under the condition of parallel inverter. Especially proposed new design method of low harmonic SVPWM modulation dead zone time injection of DC/AC converter and anti-interference digital phase locked loop.
3、The optimal energy utilization method of DC bus
Through the analysis on output characteristics of two kinds of micro source:the photovoltaic battery and wind generator used in DC bus, a maximum power tracking algorithm with widely applicability and the coordinated control strategy to ensure the optimal utilization of the overall energy produced by the DC bus has been proposed.
4、Harmonic compensation method of distributed generation in microgrid
By analysing the harmonic source of microgrid, according to the harmonic compensation principle of active power filter, a new type of compensation control algorithm has been designed, which compensate the harmonic during the distributed generation connected to the microgrid. By injecting the compensating signal which calculated by harmonic compensation controller to inverter modulation wave, distributed power grid and harmonic compensation can be realized at the same, the quality of energy produced by the micronet system can be improved.
5、Islanding detection method based on the third harmonic disturbances
As the traditional island detection method has the disadvantages of high output harmonic content and large detection blind area, by using the harmonic compensation algorithm, an islanding detection method based on the third harmonic disturbances was proposed. This method has the advantage of shorter response time, easier harmonic disturbance control and less harmonic pollution.
6、Designed a intelligent control platform of bidirectional power flow analysis and energy management
For microgrid system, an intelligent control platform based on Android system has been designed, by the result of analisis of the bidirectional power flow in microgrid, the users can decide to buy or sell the electric energy. With this platform, user comfort and the overall efficiency of management can be improved. The intelligent platform structures, bi-directional power flow calculation method and energy management control strategies have been discussed.
7、Built microgrid system experimental platform
Distributed generation experimental platform based on DSP+FPGA controller including simulation wind generator, solar array, electronic load, simulation microgrid has been built, together with the photovoltaic demonstration power station and public power grid interface, the whole microgrid system control can be realized.
引文
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