基于MF RC500的RFID读写器研究
摘要
射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)技术是一种非接触的自动识别技术,它不仅涵盖了射频技术,还包含了计算机、密码学、通信原理、集成电路和自动控制技术。RFID技术因其特有的非接触性以及可对多个目标物体同时识别的特性,正被逐步广泛的应用在工业生产和生活消费等多个领域。
本文首先简介了RFID技术在国内外的发展现状及应用;接着对RFID技术的组成、原理及分类进行了概述;之后阐述了RFID系统中编码和调制的基本原理及其实现方式;提出了RFID系统中数据的完整性和安全性问题,数据的完整性主要通过奇偶校验和CRC校验来实现,数据的安全性主要通过三次来回验证和DES来保证。
然后,介绍了RFID系统中的反冲突问题,在芯片主要实现了二进制搜索算法;接着,详细描述了MIFARE1卡的结构功能、工作原理与接口技术。
再次,重点介绍专用读写芯片MF RC500主要特性、结构原理及典型应用;在此基础上,按照ISO/IEC14443A标准,提出了一种基于MF RC500芯片的射频读写器硬件和软件设计和实现方案;采用STC89C52RC单片机对MF RC500进行控制与通信,结合外围电路设计,实现了对MIFARE1卡的读写操作,并与上位机进行通信。
最后,对该读写器进行功能测试,实际应用表明该解决方案具有运行稳定、硬件实现简单、易于进行二次开发的优点。
Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) is known as a contactless automatic identification technique, which involves not only Radio Frequency technology, but also computer, cryptography, communication fundamentals and semiconductor integrated circuit and auto control technologies. Featured with the unique contactless and simultaneous multi-object identification, this technique has been widely used in many areas such as industry production and life expenditure.
The first part of the thesis aims at introducing the Radio Frequency Identification technique’s development and application home and abroad. Then the constituting of RFID, its working theory and classification are summarized. Later, it expound the basic theory of coding and modulation, and the ways of its realization in the RFID system. It has brought forward the issues of data integrality and data security. The former can be solved by parity checking and CRC checking, while the latter can be solved by three pass authentication and DES.
Then, the anti-collision problem in RFID system is introduced, and the binary searching angorithm is realized in chips. The structure function、working theory and inosculate technique of MIFARE1 card are introduced.
Moreover, it has stressed the main particularity structure theory and representative use. According to the standard of ISO/IEC 14443A, it gives a solution of design, and implementation for RFID Read-write device hardware and software, which is based on the key character and internal structure of MF RC500 chip. Integrated with the peripheral interface circuits, the Reading-writing operating to MIFARE1 card is processed by the control and communication between STC89C52RC and MF RC500 .
At last, the implementation results show that the system is reliable in application, the solution is simple in hardware and easy for second-developing.
本文首先简介了RFID技术在国内外的发展现状及应用;接着对RFID技术的组成、原理及分类进行了概述;之后阐述了RFID系统中编码和调制的基本原理及其实现方式;提出了RFID系统中数据的完整性和安全性问题,数据的完整性主要通过奇偶校验和CRC校验来实现,数据的安全性主要通过三次来回验证和DES来保证。
然后,介绍了RFID系统中的反冲突问题,在芯片主要实现了二进制搜索算法;接着,详细描述了MIFARE1卡的结构功能、工作原理与接口技术。
再次,重点介绍专用读写芯片MF RC500主要特性、结构原理及典型应用;在此基础上,按照ISO/IEC14443A标准,提出了一种基于MF RC500芯片的射频读写器硬件和软件设计和实现方案;采用STC89C52RC单片机对MF RC500进行控制与通信,结合外围电路设计,实现了对MIFARE1卡的读写操作,并与上位机进行通信。
最后,对该读写器进行功能测试,实际应用表明该解决方案具有运行稳定、硬件实现简单、易于进行二次开发的优点。
Radio Frequency Identification(RFID) is known as a contactless automatic identification technique, which involves not only Radio Frequency technology, but also computer, cryptography, communication fundamentals and semiconductor integrated circuit and auto control technologies. Featured with the unique contactless and simultaneous multi-object identification, this technique has been widely used in many areas such as industry production and life expenditure.
The first part of the thesis aims at introducing the Radio Frequency Identification technique’s development and application home and abroad. Then the constituting of RFID, its working theory and classification are summarized. Later, it expound the basic theory of coding and modulation, and the ways of its realization in the RFID system. It has brought forward the issues of data integrality and data security. The former can be solved by parity checking and CRC checking, while the latter can be solved by three pass authentication and DES.
Then, the anti-collision problem in RFID system is introduced, and the binary searching angorithm is realized in chips. The structure function、working theory and inosculate technique of MIFARE1 card are introduced.
Moreover, it has stressed the main particularity structure theory and representative use. According to the standard of ISO/IEC 14443A, it gives a solution of design, and implementation for RFID Read-write device hardware and software, which is based on the key character and internal structure of MF RC500 chip. Integrated with the peripheral interface circuits, the Reading-writing operating to MIFARE1 card is processed by the control and communication between STC89C52RC and MF RC500 .
At last, the implementation results show that the system is reliable in application, the solution is simple in hardware and easy for second-developing.
引文
[1] 游战清,李苏剑. 无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2004,8-10
[2] 蒋皓石,张成等. 无线射频识别技术及其应用和发展趋势[J]. 电子技术应用, 2005,(5):1-4
[3] [德]Klaus finkenzeller. 射频识别(RFID)技术[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2001,15-18
[4] Wenjie Wang, Enshuai Hu. RFID Technology Application in Logistics Transportation. The Sixth Wuhan International Conference on E-Business. 2006,852-857
[5] Ma hongbo, Feng quanyuan. RESEARCH ON KEY CIRCUIT IN CMOS FULLY Integrated RFID DEVICES 2006 The IET International Conference on Wireless Mobile & Multimedia Networks.2006,628-632
[6] 中国射频识别(RFID)技术政策技术白皮书[J]. 北京:中国科学技术部等十五部委. 2006,(6):6-12
[7] 王忠敏. EPC 技术基础教程[M]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2004,11-13
[8] 张强. 900 MHz RFID 读写器研究与实现:[学位论文].北京:北京交通大学, 2006,6-13
[9] 游战清,刘克强等. 无线射频识别技术(RFID)规范与实施[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2005,(9):9-11
[10] [德]Klaus Finkenzeller 著. 射频识别(RFID)技术[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社,2001,2-5
[11] 樊昌信等编. 通信原理(第 4 版) [M]. 北京:国防工业出版社,2001,100-103
[12] 桑林,郝建军,刘丹谱. 数字通信[M]. 北京:邮电大学出版社, 1998,58-61
[13] 严雄武. 基于 MIFARE 非接解式 IC 卡的射频识别系统研究与实现:[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文],2005,6-7
[14] 孙枫叶,张科峰. 高频 RFID 标签曼彻斯特编码电路的设计[J]. 电子技术应用, 2006,(10):108-111
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[16] Radio Frequency Identification(rfid) Home Page.http: //www.aimglobal. org/technologies/rfid,2006-08-22
[17] Klaus Finkenzeller. 射频识别(RFID)技术[M], 陈大才, 王卓人译. 北京:电子工业出版社,2001,34-38
[18] 刘铮,章兢, 刘建汉. 非接触式 IC 卡在公共汽车自动售票系统中的应用[J]. 现代电子技术,2001,(5):18-20
[19] RakersP. Secure contactless smart card ASIC with PDA Protection. IEEE Journal of Solid State Cicruit, 2001. 20(9):875-881
[20] 王爱英. 智能卡技术[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社, 2000,52-55
[21] Qingsong Peng, Ming Zhang.Dynamic Frame Size in Anti-collision Algorithm for Fast Object Identification in RFID System The Sixth Wuhan International Conference on E-Business.2006,662-665
[22] 王晓华,周晓光, 孙百生. 射频识别系统中的防碰撞算法设计[J]. 北京: 邮电大学学报, 2007,(4)59-62
[23] 鞠伟成,俞承芳. 一种基于动态二进制的 RFID 抗冲突算法[J]. 复旦学报(自然科学版), 2005,44(1):46-50
[24] 张敏. 关于非接触式 IC 智能(射频)卡及其读写设备内核技术的研究与应用:http : // www. goldencard. com. cn,2007-5-16
[25] 宋广为. Mifare1 非接触式 IC 射频卡的一卡通系统实现[J]. 现代电子技术, 2005, (11):27-29
[26] Philips. semiconductors. Micro Reader IC Family Directly Matched Antenna Design. 2002.
[27] 李永明,路超. 非接触式 IC 卡射频前端电路设计[J]. 固体电子学研究与进展, 2002, 22(3):17-19
[28] ISO/IEC14443-3 : Identification cards-Contactless integrated circuits cards Proximity cards-Part3 : Initialization and anticoliision,2001.
[29] 蒋皓石,张成等. 无线射频识别技术及其应用和发展趋势[J]. 电子技术应用, 2005,(5):1-4
[30] 孙连坤. 基于 MF RC500 的读卡器研究与设计:[学位论文]. 天津:天津工业大学, 2005
[31] Philips Semiconductors, mifare MF RC500 Highly Integrated ISO14443A Reader IC, 2001.
[32] MIFARE MFRC500 Highly Integrated ISO14443A ReaderIC[M]. USA. Philips Semiconductors, 1999.
[33] Pete Sorrells. Passive RFID Basics. Microchip Technology, 2004, 3
[34] Philips. semiconductors. MF RC500, Highly Integrated ISO14443A Reader IC. 2002.
[35] 苏明强等. 高性价比的 MIFARE 卡读写模块的设计[J]. 微计算机信息, 2006,(22)264-267
[36] 牛斗,常国权等. 基于 MF-RC500 和 MIFARE 射频卡识别模块的设计[J]. 微计算机信息, 2007,(23)216-218
[37] Philips Semiconductors, MIFARE Serial Reader Specification of the Software Requirements. 2001.
[38] 莫德举,吴刚. 通用非接触式 IC 卡读/写器的开发[J]. 无线发送/接受 IC 及其数据通信技术选编,2005,692-696
[39] 赵亚男,王文清. 物流园区中非接触式 IC 卡读卡器硬件设计[J]. 北京交通大学学报, 2007, (6):58-61
[40] Maxim Integrated Products, +5V-Powered, Multichannel RS-232 Drivers/ Receivers-MAX232A。2003
[41] 苏家健,曹柏荣, 汪志锋. 单片机原理及应用技术[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2004,259-269
[42] 徐爱均. 单片机高级语言 C51windows 环境编程与应用[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2001,68-72
[43] 何将三,陈国栋等, 基于 MF RC500 的射频识别读写器设计[J]. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2004,(11):52-54
[44] 李池永. 射频卡数据读写方法[J]. 电测与仪表, 2000, (9):36-38
[45] 程启明,谭青. 非接触式 IC 卡预收费电度表的设计[J]. 电子技术应用, 2003, (3):25-28
[46] Philips Semiconductors. mifare Standardised Card IC Type Identification Procedure, 1999
[2] 蒋皓石,张成等. 无线射频识别技术及其应用和发展趋势[J]. 电子技术应用, 2005,(5):1-4
[3] [德]Klaus finkenzeller. 射频识别(RFID)技术[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2001,15-18
[4] Wenjie Wang, Enshuai Hu. RFID Technology Application in Logistics Transportation. The Sixth Wuhan International Conference on E-Business. 2006,852-857
[5] Ma hongbo, Feng quanyuan. RESEARCH ON KEY CIRCUIT IN CMOS FULLY Integrated RFID DEVICES 2006 The IET International Conference on Wireless Mobile & Multimedia Networks.2006,628-632
[6] 中国射频识别(RFID)技术政策技术白皮书[J]. 北京:中国科学技术部等十五部委. 2006,(6):6-12
[7] 王忠敏. EPC 技术基础教程[M]. 北京:中国标准出版社, 2004,11-13
[8] 张强. 900 MHz RFID 读写器研究与实现:[学位论文].北京:北京交通大学, 2006,6-13
[9] 游战清,刘克强等. 无线射频识别技术(RFID)规范与实施[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2005,(9):9-11
[10] [德]Klaus Finkenzeller 著. 射频识别(RFID)技术[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社,2001,2-5
[11] 樊昌信等编. 通信原理(第 4 版) [M]. 北京:国防工业出版社,2001,100-103
[12] 桑林,郝建军,刘丹谱. 数字通信[M]. 北京:邮电大学出版社, 1998,58-61
[13] 严雄武. 基于 MIFARE 非接解式 IC 卡的射频识别系统研究与实现:[武汉理工大学硕士学位论文],2005,6-7
[14] 孙枫叶,张科峰. 高频 RFID 标签曼彻斯特编码电路的设计[J]. 电子技术应用, 2006,(10):108-111
[15] [德]Klaus Finkenzeller 著. 射频识别(RFID)技术[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2001,145-147
[16] Radio Frequency Identification(rfid) Home Page.http: //www.aimglobal. org/technologies/rfid,2006-08-22
[17] Klaus Finkenzeller. 射频识别(RFID)技术[M], 陈大才, 王卓人译. 北京:电子工业出版社,2001,34-38
[18] 刘铮,章兢, 刘建汉. 非接触式 IC 卡在公共汽车自动售票系统中的应用[J]. 现代电子技术,2001,(5):18-20
[19] RakersP. Secure contactless smart card ASIC with PDA Protection. IEEE Journal of Solid State Cicruit, 2001. 20(9):875-881
[20] 王爱英. 智能卡技术[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社, 2000,52-55
[21] Qingsong Peng, Ming Zhang.Dynamic Frame Size in Anti-collision Algorithm for Fast Object Identification in RFID System The Sixth Wuhan International Conference on E-Business.2006,662-665
[22] 王晓华,周晓光, 孙百生. 射频识别系统中的防碰撞算法设计[J]. 北京: 邮电大学学报, 2007,(4)59-62
[23] 鞠伟成,俞承芳. 一种基于动态二进制的 RFID 抗冲突算法[J]. 复旦学报(自然科学版), 2005,44(1):46-50
[24] 张敏. 关于非接触式 IC 智能(射频)卡及其读写设备内核技术的研究与应用:http : // www. goldencard. com. cn,2007-5-16
[25] 宋广为. Mifare1 非接触式 IC 射频卡的一卡通系统实现[J]. 现代电子技术, 2005, (11):27-29
[26] Philips. semiconductors. Micro Reader IC Family Directly Matched Antenna Design. 2002.
[27] 李永明,路超. 非接触式 IC 卡射频前端电路设计[J]. 固体电子学研究与进展, 2002, 22(3):17-19
[28] ISO/IEC14443-3 : Identification cards-Contactless integrated circuits cards Proximity cards-Part3 : Initialization and anticoliision,2001.
[29] 蒋皓石,张成等. 无线射频识别技术及其应用和发展趋势[J]. 电子技术应用, 2005,(5):1-4
[30] 孙连坤. 基于 MF RC500 的读卡器研究与设计:[学位论文]. 天津:天津工业大学, 2005
[31] Philips Semiconductors, mifare MF RC500 Highly Integrated ISO14443A Reader IC, 2001.
[32] MIFARE MFRC500 Highly Integrated ISO14443A ReaderIC[M]. USA. Philips Semiconductors, 1999.
[33] Pete Sorrells. Passive RFID Basics. Microchip Technology, 2004, 3
[34] Philips. semiconductors. MF RC500, Highly Integrated ISO14443A Reader IC. 2002.
[35] 苏明强等. 高性价比的 MIFARE 卡读写模块的设计[J]. 微计算机信息, 2006,(22)264-267
[36] 牛斗,常国权等. 基于 MF-RC500 和 MIFARE 射频卡识别模块的设计[J]. 微计算机信息, 2007,(23)216-218
[37] Philips Semiconductors, MIFARE Serial Reader Specification of the Software Requirements. 2001.
[38] 莫德举,吴刚. 通用非接触式 IC 卡读/写器的开发[J]. 无线发送/接受 IC 及其数据通信技术选编,2005,692-696
[39] 赵亚男,王文清. 物流园区中非接触式 IC 卡读卡器硬件设计[J]. 北京交通大学学报, 2007, (6):58-61
[40] Maxim Integrated Products, +5V-Powered, Multichannel RS-232 Drivers/ Receivers-MAX232A。2003
[41] 苏家健,曹柏荣, 汪志锋. 单片机原理及应用技术[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2004,259-269
[42] 徐爱均. 单片机高级语言 C51windows 环境编程与应用[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社, 2001,68-72
[43] 何将三,陈国栋等, 基于 MF RC500 的射频识别读写器设计[J]. 单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2004,(11):52-54
[44] 李池永. 射频卡数据读写方法[J]. 电测与仪表, 2000, (9):36-38
[45] 程启明,谭青. 非接触式 IC 卡预收费电度表的设计[J]. 电子技术应用, 2003, (3):25-28
[46] Philips Semiconductors. mifare Standardised Card IC Type Identification Procedure, 1999