文化对我国技术创新及其政策的影响研究
|
摘要
本文采用多视角、多学科综合分析的方法,探讨文化传统在技术创新过程及其政策的制定和实施中的作用,以及技术创新活动和技术创新政策的实施对文化的修正机制,旨在解决在技术创新过程和技术创新政策的制定和实施中出现的文化困境,推动我国技术创新进程,并进而促进我国经济发展和社会进步。
本文从文化传统、社会资本、技术创新和技术创新政策等基本概念出发,运用经济社会学、新制度经济学、文化学、政策学、博弈论、系统论和哲学等有关理论,比较研究了中西方文化,回顾了从古典经济学到新制度经济学的内生化历程,探讨了文化以社会资本为中介对技术创新影响的具体机制,较全面地分析和评价了文化传统对我国技术创新政策的影响,论述了文化传统在我国技术创新政策中的基础性的核心地位及文化传统对我国技术创新政策影响的双重性。从短期看,文化传统可以被看作是给定的常量,它决定了我国技术创新政策;从长期看,我国技术创新政策又对文化传统有反作用,使之向亲经济(非经济但不反经济)的方向变迁。本文认为有些文化传统对我国技术创新政策具有偏向正面的影响(如性善论、集体主义、天人合一和顺其自然等);有些文化传统对我国技术创新政策具有偏向负面的影响(如官本位、等级观念、特殊主义、重义轻利、女性文化和平均主义等);还有一些是中性的,即运用得好(如相关制度设计合理)则有利于技术创新政策的实施,运用得不好则不利于技术创新政策的实施。此外,本文还探讨了技术创新、技术创新政策和文化三者之间的互动关系,并在此基础上论述了各种技术创新政策工具(如风险投资政策、产权保护政策、科技税收政策、政府采购政策等)对技术创新的影响以及文化传统对我国各种技术创新政策工具的影响。
本文的创新之处主要有:一是对社会资本的概念进行了较系统梳理和重新界定,认为社会资本是有内部结构的,其表层是客观的物质形态(如社会关系网络),里层是主观的精神形态(如信任、合作和互惠等),核心是精神层面的文化,即价值观念,并在此基础上探讨了文化传统对社会资本的影响,解释了为什么西方学者提出的有关社会资本的结论不一定适合中国。二是在分析技术创新及其政策的主客体的基础上,探讨了技术创新与技术创新政策之间的互动关系。三是探讨文化对技术创新的内生性影响。本文论证了部分文化是继科学技术、制度之后又一个经济系统(或技术创新活动)的内生性变量。四是探讨了文化对技术创新政策的内在影响。一般而言,政策是一种政治或政治措施,而政治一般可以分为政权形式、上层建筑、社会意识形态、价值取向等层面。因此,社会主流文化本身就是政治的一部分或其核心,当然也应是技术创新政策的核心。这样,文化成为技术创新政策的内在影响因素就成为自然而然的了;而且文化对技术创新政策的影响可以看作是内在制度(或非正式制度)对外在制度(或正式制度)的影响。按照新制度经济学的观点,这种影响应是基础性的,因为外在制度必须建立在内在制度基础之上。五是提出了文化传统对我国技术创新政策的影响具有双重性的观点。在某些情形下,同样一种文化传统对我国技术创新政策既有正面的影响,也有负面的影响;既是文化优势,又是文化劣势。这意味着我们在制定和实施技术创新政策时必须因势利导,发挥我们的文化优势,克服我们的文化劣势。
总而言之,文化传统在技术创新活动和技术创新政策的制定和实施过程中起着不可忽视的、不可替代的重要作用;我们在制定、实施和评价技术创新政策时必须考虑我国的具体国情和历史文化;文化变迁不仅是必要的,而且是可能的;我国的技术创新政策及其相关配套政策是可以加速或控制文化传统向着亲经济的文化观念不断演化的。
This paper discusses the functions of in the technology innovation and its policy in China, and the modificatory mechanisms of technology innovation and its policy to cultural traditions by the methods of multi-viewing angles and multidisciplinary comprehensive analysis. The aims of the paper is to solve the cultural puzzledoms in the course of technology innovation and in the formulation and implement of technology innovation policy, and to impulse the technology innovation, and to promote ulteriorly the economic development and uplift in China.
This paper analyses in the first instance the basic conceptions of cultural traditions, social capital, technology innovation, technology innovation policy and more, and compares the cultures between China and Western World, and reviews the endogenous process from classical economics to new institutional economics, and probes into the idiographic mechanism of the influence of culture to technology innovation through the intermediary of social capital, and analyzes and appraises the impact of cultural traditions upon the technology innovation policy in the round, and discourses upon the nucleus-status of the cultural traditions in the technology innovation policy, and discusses the dualism of the impact of cultural traditions upon the technology innovation policy in China by the theories of new institutional economics, culturology, policy science, game theory, systematology and philosophy and so on. From the short-term angle, the cultural traditions may be regarded as a constant and it decides the technology innovation policy in China. From the long-term angle, the technology innovation policy may counteract the cultural traditions, and then changes it to the direction of close-economy (namely non-economy but not anti-economy) in China. The author thinks that some cultural traditions have positive impacts on technology innovation policy (as the theory that human nature is friendly, collectivism, the theory that man is an integral part of nature, and take things as they come and more ); and that some cultural traditions have negative impacts on technology innovation policy (as officialdom standard, rank idea, particularism, the sense that to attach importance to justice and to despise benefit, feminine culture and egalitarianism and so on ); and that some cultural traditions are neutral yet, that is to say that these one are favorable to the implement of technology innovation policy if correlative institution designs are rational, and that these one make against the implement of technology innovation policy if correlative institution designs are irrational in China. Furthermore, this paper probes into the relations among technology innovation, technology innovation policy and culture. With this understanding, the paper discusses the impact of some technology innovation policy (as venture capital policy, intellectual property protection policy, science and technology tax policy, government procurement policy and others) upon technology innovation, and the impact of cultural traditions upon different kinds of technology innovation policy in China.
The innovations of this paper have following several points. Firstly, the paper teases by the numbers and defines anew the concept of social capital, and considers social capital has an internal structure. The surface layer of social capital is objective substance (such as the network about social relations). The inner layer of social capital is subjective spirit (such as trust, cooperation, and reciprocity and others). The core layer of social capital is the culture as spirit layer, namely concept of values. On this condition, the paper probes into the impacts cultural traditions on social capital, and interprets why the conclusions that the western scholars put forward about social capital not always fit to China. Secondly, this paper analyses the subject and object of technology innovation and its policy, and probes into the interactional relationship between technology innovation and technology innovation policy. Thirdly, the paper discusses the endogen impacts of culture on technology innovation. The paper arguments some cultures are entophytic variant in the economic system or technology innovation activity like science, technology and institution. Fourthly, the paper probes into the immanent impacts of culture on technology innovation policy. In general, the policy is a sort of politics or political measure, and that the politics may be separated into the regime forms, superstructure, social ideology, value and more. Wherefore, the social mainstream culture itself is namely the part or core of politics, and it should certainly be the core of technology innovation policy, too. In this way, it is involuntary that the culture becomes the immanent influencing factor;Furthermore, the impacts of culture on technology innovation are actually the impacts of internal institutions on external institutions. According to the viewpoint of new institution economics, the impacts should be foundational for external institutions must be established on the foundation of internal institutions. Fifthly, the paper puts forward the viewpoint of that the impacts of cultural traditions upon the technology innovation policy in China have dualism. Under a certain number of situations, sorts of same cultural traditions have the positive impacts as well as the negative impacts upon the technology innovation policy in China. Some cultures are predominance as well as disadvantage. These purport we must make the best use of the circumstances, and exert our cultural predominance, and overcome our cultural disadvantage when we constitute and actualize the technology innovation policy in China.
In a word, the cultural traditions play a nonnegligible, nonreplaceable and important role in the technology innovation activity and the formulation and actualization of technology innovation policy. We must consider the idiographic condition of nation, history and culture in China when we constitute, actualize and appraise the technology innovation policy. The cultural change is not only necessary but possible; the technology innovation policy and its correlative mating policies may accelerate or control the cultural traditions to change toward the cultural concept of the close-economy in China.
本文从文化传统、社会资本、技术创新和技术创新政策等基本概念出发,运用经济社会学、新制度经济学、文化学、政策学、博弈论、系统论和哲学等有关理论,比较研究了中西方文化,回顾了从古典经济学到新制度经济学的内生化历程,探讨了文化以社会资本为中介对技术创新影响的具体机制,较全面地分析和评价了文化传统对我国技术创新政策的影响,论述了文化传统在我国技术创新政策中的基础性的核心地位及文化传统对我国技术创新政策影响的双重性。从短期看,文化传统可以被看作是给定的常量,它决定了我国技术创新政策;从长期看,我国技术创新政策又对文化传统有反作用,使之向亲经济(非经济但不反经济)的方向变迁。本文认为有些文化传统对我国技术创新政策具有偏向正面的影响(如性善论、集体主义、天人合一和顺其自然等);有些文化传统对我国技术创新政策具有偏向负面的影响(如官本位、等级观念、特殊主义、重义轻利、女性文化和平均主义等);还有一些是中性的,即运用得好(如相关制度设计合理)则有利于技术创新政策的实施,运用得不好则不利于技术创新政策的实施。此外,本文还探讨了技术创新、技术创新政策和文化三者之间的互动关系,并在此基础上论述了各种技术创新政策工具(如风险投资政策、产权保护政策、科技税收政策、政府采购政策等)对技术创新的影响以及文化传统对我国各种技术创新政策工具的影响。
本文的创新之处主要有:一是对社会资本的概念进行了较系统梳理和重新界定,认为社会资本是有内部结构的,其表层是客观的物质形态(如社会关系网络),里层是主观的精神形态(如信任、合作和互惠等),核心是精神层面的文化,即价值观念,并在此基础上探讨了文化传统对社会资本的影响,解释了为什么西方学者提出的有关社会资本的结论不一定适合中国。二是在分析技术创新及其政策的主客体的基础上,探讨了技术创新与技术创新政策之间的互动关系。三是探讨文化对技术创新的内生性影响。本文论证了部分文化是继科学技术、制度之后又一个经济系统(或技术创新活动)的内生性变量。四是探讨了文化对技术创新政策的内在影响。一般而言,政策是一种政治或政治措施,而政治一般可以分为政权形式、上层建筑、社会意识形态、价值取向等层面。因此,社会主流文化本身就是政治的一部分或其核心,当然也应是技术创新政策的核心。这样,文化成为技术创新政策的内在影响因素就成为自然而然的了;而且文化对技术创新政策的影响可以看作是内在制度(或非正式制度)对外在制度(或正式制度)的影响。按照新制度经济学的观点,这种影响应是基础性的,因为外在制度必须建立在内在制度基础之上。五是提出了文化传统对我国技术创新政策的影响具有双重性的观点。在某些情形下,同样一种文化传统对我国技术创新政策既有正面的影响,也有负面的影响;既是文化优势,又是文化劣势。这意味着我们在制定和实施技术创新政策时必须因势利导,发挥我们的文化优势,克服我们的文化劣势。
总而言之,文化传统在技术创新活动和技术创新政策的制定和实施过程中起着不可忽视的、不可替代的重要作用;我们在制定、实施和评价技术创新政策时必须考虑我国的具体国情和历史文化;文化变迁不仅是必要的,而且是可能的;我国的技术创新政策及其相关配套政策是可以加速或控制文化传统向着亲经济的文化观念不断演化的。
This paper discusses the functions of in the technology innovation and its policy in China, and the modificatory mechanisms of technology innovation and its policy to cultural traditions by the methods of multi-viewing angles and multidisciplinary comprehensive analysis. The aims of the paper is to solve the cultural puzzledoms in the course of technology innovation and in the formulation and implement of technology innovation policy, and to impulse the technology innovation, and to promote ulteriorly the economic development and uplift in China.
This paper analyses in the first instance the basic conceptions of cultural traditions, social capital, technology innovation, technology innovation policy and more, and compares the cultures between China and Western World, and reviews the endogenous process from classical economics to new institutional economics, and probes into the idiographic mechanism of the influence of culture to technology innovation through the intermediary of social capital, and analyzes and appraises the impact of cultural traditions upon the technology innovation policy in the round, and discourses upon the nucleus-status of the cultural traditions in the technology innovation policy, and discusses the dualism of the impact of cultural traditions upon the technology innovation policy in China by the theories of new institutional economics, culturology, policy science, game theory, systematology and philosophy and so on. From the short-term angle, the cultural traditions may be regarded as a constant and it decides the technology innovation policy in China. From the long-term angle, the technology innovation policy may counteract the cultural traditions, and then changes it to the direction of close-economy (namely non-economy but not anti-economy) in China. The author thinks that some cultural traditions have positive impacts on technology innovation policy (as the theory that human nature is friendly, collectivism, the theory that man is an integral part of nature, and take things as they come and more ); and that some cultural traditions have negative impacts on technology innovation policy (as officialdom standard, rank idea, particularism, the sense that to attach importance to justice and to despise benefit, feminine culture and egalitarianism and so on ); and that some cultural traditions are neutral yet, that is to say that these one are favorable to the implement of technology innovation policy if correlative institution designs are rational, and that these one make against the implement of technology innovation policy if correlative institution designs are irrational in China. Furthermore, this paper probes into the relations among technology innovation, technology innovation policy and culture. With this understanding, the paper discusses the impact of some technology innovation policy (as venture capital policy, intellectual property protection policy, science and technology tax policy, government procurement policy and others) upon technology innovation, and the impact of cultural traditions upon different kinds of technology innovation policy in China.
The innovations of this paper have following several points. Firstly, the paper teases by the numbers and defines anew the concept of social capital, and considers social capital has an internal structure. The surface layer of social capital is objective substance (such as the network about social relations). The inner layer of social capital is subjective spirit (such as trust, cooperation, and reciprocity and others). The core layer of social capital is the culture as spirit layer, namely concept of values. On this condition, the paper probes into the impacts cultural traditions on social capital, and interprets why the conclusions that the western scholars put forward about social capital not always fit to China. Secondly, this paper analyses the subject and object of technology innovation and its policy, and probes into the interactional relationship between technology innovation and technology innovation policy. Thirdly, the paper discusses the endogen impacts of culture on technology innovation. The paper arguments some cultures are entophytic variant in the economic system or technology innovation activity like science, technology and institution. Fourthly, the paper probes into the immanent impacts of culture on technology innovation policy. In general, the policy is a sort of politics or political measure, and that the politics may be separated into the regime forms, superstructure, social ideology, value and more. Wherefore, the social mainstream culture itself is namely the part or core of politics, and it should certainly be the core of technology innovation policy, too. In this way, it is involuntary that the culture becomes the immanent influencing factor;Furthermore, the impacts of culture on technology innovation are actually the impacts of internal institutions on external institutions. According to the viewpoint of new institution economics, the impacts should be foundational for external institutions must be established on the foundation of internal institutions. Fifthly, the paper puts forward the viewpoint of that the impacts of cultural traditions upon the technology innovation policy in China have dualism. Under a certain number of situations, sorts of same cultural traditions have the positive impacts as well as the negative impacts upon the technology innovation policy in China. Some cultures are predominance as well as disadvantage. These purport we must make the best use of the circumstances, and exert our cultural predominance, and overcome our cultural disadvantage when we constitute and actualize the technology innovation policy in China.
In a word, the cultural traditions play a nonnegligible, nonreplaceable and important role in the technology innovation activity and the formulation and actualization of technology innovation policy. We must consider the idiographic condition of nation, history and culture in China when we constitute, actualize and appraise the technology innovation policy. The cultural change is not only necessary but possible; the technology innovation policy and its correlative mating policies may accelerate or control the cultural traditions to change toward the cultural concept of the close-economy in China.
引文
[1] Adams, Richard Charles. Culture, Policy, and Technology Innovation: United States and Japanese Performance in Electro/ Mechanical Technologies [D]. Ph.D. George Mason University, 1995, 276 pages
[2] Arrow, K.J.. The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing [J]. Review of Economic Studies. 1962.29.155-173
[3] Baeyens, Katleen & Manigart, Sophie. Dynamic Financing Strategies: the Role of Venture Capital. [J]. Journal of Private Equity. 2003.7(1): 50-58. http://www.sinovc1st.com/articleview/2007-1-25/article_view_2241.htm
[4] Barro, R.J.. Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth [J]. Journal of Political Economy. 1990(98): S103-S125
[5] Benedict, Ruth. Patterns of Culture. Houghton, Mifflin Company, Boston, 1934(中文版:罗丝·本尼迪克特.文化模式[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1992)
[6] Binswanger, Mathias. Technological Progress and Sustainable Development: What about the Rebound Effect? [J] Ecological Economics, 36 (2001): 119–132
[7] Bloom, Nike & Griffith, Rachel. & Reenen, John Van. Do R&D Tax Credits Work? Evidence from a Panel of Countries 1979-1997 [J]. Journal of Public Economics, Vol.85,2002: 1-31
[8] Bourdieu, Pierre. La Distinction, critique sociale du jugement. Minuit, 1979
[9] Bourdieu, Pierre. Le Capital Social: Notes Provisoires [J]. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales 31. 1980
[10] Burt, Ronald. Structural Hole [M]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992
[11] Cantnera, Uwe & Pyka, Andreas. Classifying Technology Policy from an Evolutionary Perspective [J]. Research Policy, 2001(30): 759–775
[12] Carlsson, B.. Technological Systems and Industrial Dynamics [M]. Kluner Academic Publishers, 1997
[13] Casamatta, Catherine. Financing and Advising: Optimal Financial Contracts with Venture Capitalists [J]. Journal of Finance. 2003.58(5): 2059-2086;www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1540-6261.00597
[14] Coase, R. H.. The Nature of the Firm. Economica, New Series, Vol. 4, No. 16 (Nov., 1937), pp. 386-405
[15] Coleman, J.S.. Foundations of Social Theory [M]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990
[16] Coleman, J.S.. Introducing Social Trust into Economic Analysis [J]. American Economic Review. 1984. 74 (2): 84-88
[17] Coleman, J.S.. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital [J]. American Journal of Sociology 1988. 94(Supplement): 95-120
[18] Collier, Paul. Social Capital and Poverty[R]. World Bank SCI Working Paper. No.4. 1998
[19] David, Skidmore. Civil Society, Social Capital and Economic Development. International Studies Association 41st Annual Convention. 2000. http://www.ciaonet.org/isa/skd01
[20] Edwards, Rosalind. Social Capital: A Sloan Work and Family Encyclopedia Entry. 2002. http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/wfnetwork/rft/wfpedia/wfpSCrec.html
[21] Erickson, Bonnie H.. Culture, Class and Connection [J]. American Journal of Sociology 1996(102)
[22] Fukuyama, F.. The Great Disruption [M]. New York: The Free Press, 1999
[23] Fukuyama, F.. Social Capital and Civil Society[R]. IMF Working Paper. No.0074. 2000
[24] Fukuyama, F.. Trust, the Social Virtue and the Creation of Prosperity [M]. London: Hamish Hamilton. 1995
[25] Granovetter, M.. The Strength of Weak Ties [J]. American Journal of Sociology. 1973(78): 1360-1380
[26] Grossman, G. M. & Helpman, E.. Quality Ladders in the Theory of Growth [J]. Review of Economic Studies. 1991(58): 43-61
[27] Hofstede, Gerte. Cultures Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values [M]. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. 1980
[28] Kaganovich, Michael. & Zilcha, Itzhak. Education, Social Securit and Growth [J].Journal of Public Economics. 1999 (71): 289–309
[29] Kano, Sadahiko.Technical Innovations, Standardization and Regional Comparison: A Case Study in Mobile Communications [J]. Telecommunications Policy, 2000 (24): 305-321
[30] Kekes, John. Against Liberalism [M]. New York: Cornell University Press, 1997
[31] Kortum, S. & Lerner, J.. Assessing the Contribution of Venture Capital to Innovation [J]. RAND Journal of Economics, 2000. 31(4): 674-692
[32] Kroeber, L. & Kluckholn, Clyde. Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions [M]. Cambridge: Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 1952. 223 pp.
[33] Landry, R., & Amara, N. & Lamari, M.. Does Social Capital Determine Innovation? To What Extent? [Z]. Paper Prepared for Presentation at the 4th International Conference on Technology Policy and Innovation, Curitiba, Brazil, 2000
[34] Lin, Hwan C. & Russoa, Benjamen. Taxation Policy toward Capital, Technology and Long-Run Growth [J]. Journal of Macroeconomics, Summer, 1999, Vol. 21, No. 3. 463–491
[35] Lin, Nan. Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2001. 19-29
[36] Loury, Glenn C.. A Dynamic Theory of Racial Income Differences [A]. Phyllis Wallace and Annette M. La Mond, Eds. In Women, Minorities, and Employment Discrimination[C]. Lexington, MA: Health, 1977: 153-186
[37] Lucas, R.E.. On the Mechanics of Economic Development [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,1988,22:3-41
[38] Mathews, R. C. O.. The economics of institutions and the sources of economic growth [J]. Economic Journal, Vol.96(Dec., 1986): 903-918
[39] Metcalfe, J. S.. Technology Systems and Technology Policy in an Evolutionary Framework [J]. Cambridge Journal of Economics. Vol.19. 1995. 25-46
[40] Nelson, R. R.. Institutions supporting technical advance in industry [J]. The American Economic Review, 1986, 76(2)
[41] Nelson, R. R.. The sources of Economic Growth [M]. Harvard University Press, 1996
[42] North, Douglass C.. Sources of Productivity Change in Ocean Shipping, 1600-1850[J]. The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 76, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1968), pp. 953-970
[43] Portes, Alejandro. Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology [J]. Annual Rev. Social. 1998. 24: 1-24
[44] Putnam, R.D.. The Prosperous Community:Social Capital and Public Life [J]. The American Prospect. 1993. 38
[45] Putnam, R.D.. Tuning in,Tuning out:The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America [J]. PS:Political Science and Politics. 1995. 28 (4): 664-683
[46] Richards, Gordon R.. A Simulation Model with Endogenous Technical Advance: Information Technology and Increasing Returns from Research [J]. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 2002 (69): 29–51
[47] Robert, S. Pindyck & Rubinfeld, Daniel L.. Econometric Models and Economic Forecasts [M]. Boston, Mass.: Irwin/McGraw-Hill College. 1998. http://www.sinovc1st.com/articleview/2007-1-25/article_view_2241.htm
[48] Roberts, Edward Edited. Generating Technological Innovation [M]. Oxford University Press,1987
[49] Romer, P.M.. Endogenous Technological Change [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1990(98): 72-102
[50] Romer, P.M.. Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1986(94): 1002-1037
[51] Rothwell, Roy & Zegveld, Walter. Reindustrialization and Technology [M]. Logman Group Limited. 1985
[52] Rothwell, Roy. Towards the Fifth-generation Innovation Process[J],International Marketing Review,1994. Vol. 11 No. 1. 7-31
[53] Sahlins, M.. Stone Age Economics [M]. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. 1972. 191-210
[54] Schmookler, Jacob. Invention and Economic Growth [M]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1966
[55] Schumpeter, J. A.. Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung [M]. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. 1912 (中文版:约瑟夫·熊彼得著.何畏,易家详译.经济发展理论[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1990)
[56] Shyu, Joseph Z. & Yi-Chia Chiu & Chao-Chen You. A Cross-national Comparative Analysis of Innovation Policy in the Integrated Circuitindustry[J].Technology in Society, 23 (2001): 227–240
[57] Silveira, Giovani Da. Innovation Diffusion: Research Agenda for Developing Economies [J]. Technovation, 21 (2001) 767–773
[58] Solow, R. M.. A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth [J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1956,70:65-94
[59] Uzawa, H. Optimum Technical Chang in an Aggregate Model of Economic Growth [J]. International Economic Review. 1965.6. 18-31
[60] Wieland, Thomas. Innovation Culture, Technology Policy and the Uses of History. Paper prepared for the International ProACT Conference, Innovation Pressure, 15-17 March 2006, Tampere, Finland. 22 pages. www.proact2006.fi/chapter_images/303_Ref_B188_T_Wieland.pdf
[61] Williamson, Oliver E.. The Economic Institution of Capitalism [M]. New York: Free Press , 1985
[62] Yang Xiaokai & Boland, J.. A Microeconomic Mechanism for Economic Growth [J]. Journal of Political Economy. 1991(99): 460-482
[63]安东尼·阿特金森,约瑟夫·斯蒂格里茨著.蔡江南等译.公共经济学[M].上海:上海三联书店, 1992(2)
[64]安纳利·萨克森宁.地区优势——硅谷和128公路地区的文化与竞争[M].上海:上海远东出版社, 2003
[65]边燕杰,丘海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效[J].中国社会科学. 2000.2
[66]波特.国家竞争优势[M].北京:华夏出版社, 2002
[67]卜长莉.社会资本与社会和谐[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2005
[68]布罗姆利(Daniel W. Bromley)著.陈郁等译.经济利益和经济制度[M].上海:上海三联书店, 1996
[69]蔡俊生,陈荷清,韩林德.文化论[M].北京:人民出版社. 2003
[70]曹连海.中国儒家文化的性善论与西方文化的性恶论之比较[J].中共济南市委党校、济南市行政学院、济南市社会主义学院学报. 2001.4
[71]陈劲,李飞宇.社会资本:对技术创新的社会学诠释[J].科学学研究. 2001. 19(3): 102-107
[72]陈仕平.技术创新中的文化价值观念冲突及调适[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版). 2003.3
[73]陈晓田,杨列勋.技术创新十年[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999
[74]陈振明主编.政策科学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 1998. 9
[75]成良斌.论科技政策的本质和目的[J].科技管理研究. 2002.4
[76]戴铁军.简论传统文化因素对教育政策的影响[J].现代教育科学. 2006.1
[77]道格拉斯·诺思著.陈郁,罗华平等译.经济史中的结构与变迁[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2002
[78]道格拉斯·诺斯,罗伯特·托马斯著.厉以平,蔡磊译.西方世界的兴起()[M].北京:华夏出版社, 1999. 5
[79]德鲁克.管理——任务、责任、实践(孙耀君等译)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1987
[80]凡勃伦著.蔡受百译.有闲阶级论[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1964.
[81]费孝通.乡土中国[M].北京:三联书店, 1985
[82]冯之浚主编.国家创新系统的理论与政策[M].北京:经济科技出版社, 1999
[83]冯之浚.技术创新与文化传统[J].科学学与科学技术管理. 2000.1
[84]傅家骥主编.技术创新学[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1998
[85]甘地.供应学派的税收政策:与发展中国家的相关性[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社, 1993
[86]高星海.传统文化、西方文化与中国现代化[J].鞍山钢铁学院学报. 1998.1
[87]高展军,李垣,雷宏振.不同社会文化对企业技术创新方式选择的影响[J].科学学与科学技术管理. 2005.11
[88]格龙多纳(Mariano Grondona).经济发展的文化分类[A].载:[美]塞缪尔·亨廷顿等主编.文化的重要作用——价值观如何影响人类进步[C].北京:新华出版社,2002. 80-94(英文版2000年出版)
[89]格鲁特尔特(C.Grootaert),贝斯特纳尔(T. van Bastelaer)编.社会资本在发展中的作用[M].成都:西南财经大学出版社, 2004
[90]葛勇义,翟琳琳,于丹.技术创新中的主体间性问题[J].科学管理研究. 2006.2
[91]郭太风.文化的主流和支流[M].上海:学林出版社, 2002
[92]国家统计局,科学技术部,财政部. 2005年全国科技经费投入统计公报[R]. 2006年9月14日. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rdpcgb/qgrdpcgb/t20060914_402351626.htm
[93]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴. 2005. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2005/indexch.htm
[94]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 2000
[95]郝立忠主编.宏观科技管理学[M].济南:山东人民出版社, 1997
[96]贺卫,伍山林主编.制度经济学[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2003
[97]洪银兴等主编.转轨时期中国经济运行与发展[M].北京:经济科学出版社, 2002
[98]贾春峰.文化力制胜[M].北京:红旗出版社, 2004
[99]贾康,阎坤.中国财政:转轨与变革[M].上海:上海远东出版社, 2000
[100]杰夫·卡特赖特.文化转型——企业成功的基础[M].郁启标等译.南京:江苏人民出版社, 2003
[101]金耀基.人际关系中人情之分析[A].载杨国枢主编.中国人的心理[C].台北:台北桂冠出版社, 1988
[102]柯武刚(W.Kasper),史漫飞(M.E.Streit).制度经济学:社会秩序与公共政策[M].北京:商务印书馆. 2002
[103]科斯.财产权利与制度变迁——产权学派与新制度经济学译文集[C].胡庄君等译.上海:上海三联书店, 1994
[104]克利福德·格尔茨著.韩莉译.文化的解释[M].北京:译林出版社, 1999
[105]库姆斯,萨维奥蒂,沃尔什著.中国社会科学院数量经济技术经济研究所技术经济理论方法研究室译.钟学义校.经济学与技术进步[M].北京:商务印书馆.1989
[106]匡跃辉.科技政策评估:标准与方法[J].科学管理研究. 2005.6
[107]雷宏振,韩娜娜.中国传统文化特征及其对企业创新影响[J].华东经济管理. 2005.7
[108]李承宗,彭福扬.略论传统儒家文化对我国科技创新的影响[J].科学·经济·社会. 2003.1
[109]李承宗,谢翠蓉.试论道教文化对科学技术的影响与启示[J].广东行政学院学报. 2003.6
[110]李承宗.论技术创新对传统道德的影响[J].科学管理研究. 2003.5
[111]李慧.大视野:剖析中国企业[M].北京:华夏出版社, 2007
[112]李路路.社会资本与私营企业家——中国社会结构转型的特殊动力[J].社会学研究. 1995.6
[113]李素珍.谈谈技术创新与文化创新的辩证关系[J].引进与咨询. 2005.8
[114]李煜.文化资本、文化多样性与社会网络资本[J].社会学研究. 2001.4
[115]李约瑟(Joseph Needham).中国科学技术史[M] (原书名:Science and Civilization in China ),第二卷,科学思想史.北京:科学出版社,上海:上海古籍出版社. 1990
[116]李兆友.技术创新主体研究综述[J].哲学动态. 1997.11
[117]李正风,曾国屏.中国国家创新系统研究[M].济南:山东教育出版社, 1999. 139
[118]连燕华.国家创新系统:一种新的分析框架[J].科学学研究, 2000.12
[119]连燕华.技术创新政策概论[J].科学管理研究. 1998.5
[120]梁漱溟.中国文化要义[M].上海:学林出版社, 1987
[121]林语堂.中国人[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社, 1988. 13
[122]刘守英等编.财产权利与制度变迁[M].上海:上海三联出版社,上海人民出版社, 1994. 390
[123]刘小川,王庆华.经济全球化的政府采购[M].北京:经济出版社, 2001
[124]刘永佶.经济文化论[M].北京:中国经济出版社, 1998
[125]刘佐.中国税制五十年: 1949年-1999年[M].北京:中国税务出版社, 2000
[126]柳卸林.技术创新经济学[M].北京:中国计划出版社, 1989. 212
[127]卢现祥.西方新制度经济学[M].北京:中国发展出版社, 1996
[128]鲁迪格·多恩布什等.宏观经济学[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社,2002(第8版)
[129]陆岩.税收国际化和我国税收面临的问题[J].税务研究. 1997.11
[130]路风.走向自主创新:寻求中国力量的源泉[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社, 2006
[131]吕国胜.中小企业研究[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社, 2000.
[132]罗伟.技术创新与政府政策[M].北京:人民出版社, 1996
[133]马克斯·韦伯.儒教与道教[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1995
[134]马克斯·韦伯.新教伦理与资本主义精神[M].西安:陕西师范大学出版社, 2006
[135]马来平.哲学与文化视野中的科学[M].南宁:广西人民出版社, 1991
[136]马凌诺斯基.文化论[M].北京:华夏出版社, 2002
[137]冒天启.经济转型与社会发展[M].武汉:湖北人民出版社, 2000
[138]塞缪尔·亨廷顿.文明的冲突与世界秩序的重建[M].北京:新华出版社, 2002a(英文版1996年出版)
[139]塞缪尔·亨廷顿等主编.文化的重要作用——价值观如何影响人类进步[C].北京:新华出版社, 2002b(英文版2000年出版)
[140]盛亚.中、日、美三国企业技术创新的文化环境比较[J].科技管理研究. 1996.2
[141]石定寰.国家创新系统:理论与现状[M].北京:经济管理出版社, 1999
[142]石元康.当代西方自由主义理论[M].上海:上海三联书店, 2000
[143]斯图尔特等著.卫景宜译.美国文化模式:跨文化视野中的分析[M].天津:百花文艺出版社, 2000
[144]斯韦托扎尔·平乔维奇著.蒋琳琦译.产权经济学[M].北京:经济科学出版社, 2000
[145]孙伯灿等.中国高新技术产业税收优惠政策实证研究[J].浙江大学学报(人文社科版), 2001.11
[146]孙敬水.科技税收政策的国际经验以及对我国的启示[J].科学学研究. 2002.8
[147]谭崇台.发展经济学的新发展[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社, 1999
[148]唐翌.社会网络特征对社会资本价值实现的影响[J].经济科学. 2003.3
[149]陶树人编著.技术经济学[M].北京:经济管理出版社, 1999
[150]特龙彭纳斯(Fons Trompenaars),查理斯·汉普登-特纳.在文化的波涛中冲浪——理解工商管理中的文化多样性[M].北京:华厦出版社. 2003(英文版1997年出版)
[151]王春法.技术创新政策:理论基础与工具选择——美国和日本的比较研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社, 1998
[152]王霄,胡军.社会资本结构与中小企业创新——一项基于结构方程模型的实证研究[J].管理世界. 2005.7
[153]王彦君,孙慕天.试析苏联的政治文化传统对国家科技政策的影响[J].自然辩证法通讯. 2003.1
[154]王中枢.对中国传统文化和当代西方文化的两点思考[J].唯实. 2000.12
[155]威廉·邓恩著,谢明等译.公共政策分析导论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2002
[156]维洛尼克·安布罗西尼.隐性资源:企业赢得持续竞争优势的源泉[M].詹正茂等译.北京:经济管理出版社, 2005
[157]魏光奇.天人之际:中西文化观念比较[M].北京:首都师大出版出版社, 2000
[158]吴敬琏.发展中国高新技术产业:制度重于技术[M].北京:中国发展出版社, 2002
[159]吴秀生.社会转型的文化约束[M].太原:山西教育出版社, 1999
[160]夏保华.技术创新的社会文化实践本质与方向[J].科学学研究. 2006.2
[161]夏晓虹.梁启超文选[M].北京:中国广播电视出版社, 1992
[162]谢勒(F.M.Scherer)著.姚贤涛,王倩译.技术创新——经济增长的原动力[M].北京:新华出版社, 2001
[163]徐建国.西方税收思想[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社, 1996
[164]徐行言主编.中西文化比较[M].北京:北京大学出版社. 2004
[165]许庆瑞主编.研究、发展与技术创新管理[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2000
[166]许晓峰.技术经济学[M].北京:中国发展出版社, 1996
[167]宴辉.市场经济的伦理基础[M].太原:山西教育出版社, 1999
[168]杨林林.转型中国——顶级学者访谈[M].北京:经济日报出版社, 2005(第二版)
[169]野中郁次郎.创新的本质——日本名企最新知识管理案例[M].北京:知识产权出版社, 2006
[170]余志良,谢洪明.技术创新政策理论的研究评述[J].科学管理研究. 2003.6
[171]袁庆明.技术创新的制度结构分析[M].北京:经济管理出版社, 2003
[172]袁祖望.功利主义科研政策导向的危害及文化渊源[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学). 2003.6
[173]约翰·齐曼主编.技术创新进化论[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社, 2002
[174]张岱年,程宜山.中国文化与文化论争[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 1990
[175]张岱年著.邓九平编.张岱年哲学文选[M].北京:中国广播电视出版社, 1999
[176]张方华.企业的社会资本与技术创新——技术创新理论研究的新视野[J].自然辩证法通讯. 2003.6
[177]张方华.企业社会资本与技术创新绩效:概念模型与实证分析[J].研究与发展管理. 2006.3
[178]张峰.我国经济转轨所面临的三重文化背景[J].华中理工大学学报. 1993.3
[179]张洪石,付玉秀.技术创新国际化中的文化冲突与整合[J].技术经济. 2004.8
[180]张建华.创新、激励与经济发展[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社, 2000
[181]张培刚.懂得历史,才能更好地理解中国的发展[J].江汉论坛. 2001.11
[182]张培刚.新发展经济学[M].郑州:河南人民出版社, 1999
[183]张培刚主编.发展经济学教程[M].北京:经济科学出版社, 2001
[184]张其仔.社会资本论:社会资本与经济发展[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社. 1997
[185]张其仔.新经济社会学[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2001
[186]张伟峰.创新联结——企业创新网络与技术创新方式研究[M].北京:经济管理出版社, 2006
[187]张五常.交易费用的范式[J].社会科学战线. 1999.1
[188]赵兰香.技术创新过程中的政策需求分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理. 1999.4
[189]赵丽芬,孙国辉.微观财政政策的国际比较[M].北京:中国计划出版社, 1989
[190]中国风险投资研究院. 2006年中国风险投资业调研报告[R]. 2007年1月25日. http://www.sinovc1st.com/articleview/2007-1-25/article_view_2241.htm
[191]周长城.经济社会学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2003
[192]朱承斌.科技税收政策的国际比较研究[J].科技导报. 2001.10
[193]朱丽兰主编.海外技术创新参考读本[M].北京:新华出版社, 2000
[194]邹大挺.美国、加拿大的科技税收政策和管理[J].中国科技产业. 1996.2
[2] Arrow, K.J.. The Economic Implications of Learning by Doing [J]. Review of Economic Studies. 1962.29.155-173
[3] Baeyens, Katleen & Manigart, Sophie. Dynamic Financing Strategies: the Role of Venture Capital. [J]. Journal of Private Equity. 2003.7(1): 50-58. http://www.sinovc1st.com/articleview/2007-1-25/article_view_2241.htm
[4] Barro, R.J.. Government Spending in a Simple Model of Endogenous Growth [J]. Journal of Political Economy. 1990(98): S103-S125
[5] Benedict, Ruth. Patterns of Culture. Houghton, Mifflin Company, Boston, 1934(中文版:罗丝·本尼迪克特.文化模式[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1992)
[6] Binswanger, Mathias. Technological Progress and Sustainable Development: What about the Rebound Effect? [J] Ecological Economics, 36 (2001): 119–132
[7] Bloom, Nike & Griffith, Rachel. & Reenen, John Van. Do R&D Tax Credits Work? Evidence from a Panel of Countries 1979-1997 [J]. Journal of Public Economics, Vol.85,2002: 1-31
[8] Bourdieu, Pierre. La Distinction, critique sociale du jugement. Minuit, 1979
[9] Bourdieu, Pierre. Le Capital Social: Notes Provisoires [J]. Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales 31. 1980
[10] Burt, Ronald. Structural Hole [M]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992
[11] Cantnera, Uwe & Pyka, Andreas. Classifying Technology Policy from an Evolutionary Perspective [J]. Research Policy, 2001(30): 759–775
[12] Carlsson, B.. Technological Systems and Industrial Dynamics [M]. Kluner Academic Publishers, 1997
[13] Casamatta, Catherine. Financing and Advising: Optimal Financial Contracts with Venture Capitalists [J]. Journal of Finance. 2003.58(5): 2059-2086;www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1540-6261.00597
[14] Coase, R. H.. The Nature of the Firm. Economica, New Series, Vol. 4, No. 16 (Nov., 1937), pp. 386-405
[15] Coleman, J.S.. Foundations of Social Theory [M]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990
[16] Coleman, J.S.. Introducing Social Trust into Economic Analysis [J]. American Economic Review. 1984. 74 (2): 84-88
[17] Coleman, J.S.. Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital [J]. American Journal of Sociology 1988. 94(Supplement): 95-120
[18] Collier, Paul. Social Capital and Poverty[R]. World Bank SCI Working Paper. No.4. 1998
[19] David, Skidmore. Civil Society, Social Capital and Economic Development. International Studies Association 41st Annual Convention. 2000. http://www.ciaonet.org/isa/skd01
[20] Edwards, Rosalind. Social Capital: A Sloan Work and Family Encyclopedia Entry. 2002. http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/wfnetwork/rft/wfpedia/wfpSCrec.html
[21] Erickson, Bonnie H.. Culture, Class and Connection [J]. American Journal of Sociology 1996(102)
[22] Fukuyama, F.. The Great Disruption [M]. New York: The Free Press, 1999
[23] Fukuyama, F.. Social Capital and Civil Society[R]. IMF Working Paper. No.0074. 2000
[24] Fukuyama, F.. Trust, the Social Virtue and the Creation of Prosperity [M]. London: Hamish Hamilton. 1995
[25] Granovetter, M.. The Strength of Weak Ties [J]. American Journal of Sociology. 1973(78): 1360-1380
[26] Grossman, G. M. & Helpman, E.. Quality Ladders in the Theory of Growth [J]. Review of Economic Studies. 1991(58): 43-61
[27] Hofstede, Gerte. Cultures Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values [M]. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. 1980
[28] Kaganovich, Michael. & Zilcha, Itzhak. Education, Social Securit and Growth [J].Journal of Public Economics. 1999 (71): 289–309
[29] Kano, Sadahiko.Technical Innovations, Standardization and Regional Comparison: A Case Study in Mobile Communications [J]. Telecommunications Policy, 2000 (24): 305-321
[30] Kekes, John. Against Liberalism [M]. New York: Cornell University Press, 1997
[31] Kortum, S. & Lerner, J.. Assessing the Contribution of Venture Capital to Innovation [J]. RAND Journal of Economics, 2000. 31(4): 674-692
[32] Kroeber, L. & Kluckholn, Clyde. Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions [M]. Cambridge: Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 1952. 223 pp.
[33] Landry, R., & Amara, N. & Lamari, M.. Does Social Capital Determine Innovation? To What Extent? [Z]. Paper Prepared for Presentation at the 4th International Conference on Technology Policy and Innovation, Curitiba, Brazil, 2000
[34] Lin, Hwan C. & Russoa, Benjamen. Taxation Policy toward Capital, Technology and Long-Run Growth [J]. Journal of Macroeconomics, Summer, 1999, Vol. 21, No. 3. 463–491
[35] Lin, Nan. Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2001. 19-29
[36] Loury, Glenn C.. A Dynamic Theory of Racial Income Differences [A]. Phyllis Wallace and Annette M. La Mond, Eds. In Women, Minorities, and Employment Discrimination[C]. Lexington, MA: Health, 1977: 153-186
[37] Lucas, R.E.. On the Mechanics of Economic Development [J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,1988,22:3-41
[38] Mathews, R. C. O.. The economics of institutions and the sources of economic growth [J]. Economic Journal, Vol.96(Dec., 1986): 903-918
[39] Metcalfe, J. S.. Technology Systems and Technology Policy in an Evolutionary Framework [J]. Cambridge Journal of Economics. Vol.19. 1995. 25-46
[40] Nelson, R. R.. Institutions supporting technical advance in industry [J]. The American Economic Review, 1986, 76(2)
[41] Nelson, R. R.. The sources of Economic Growth [M]. Harvard University Press, 1996
[42] North, Douglass C.. Sources of Productivity Change in Ocean Shipping, 1600-1850[J]. The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 76, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1968), pp. 953-970
[43] Portes, Alejandro. Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology [J]. Annual Rev. Social. 1998. 24: 1-24
[44] Putnam, R.D.. The Prosperous Community:Social Capital and Public Life [J]. The American Prospect. 1993. 38
[45] Putnam, R.D.. Tuning in,Tuning out:The Strange Disappearance of Social Capital in America [J]. PS:Political Science and Politics. 1995. 28 (4): 664-683
[46] Richards, Gordon R.. A Simulation Model with Endogenous Technical Advance: Information Technology and Increasing Returns from Research [J]. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 2002 (69): 29–51
[47] Robert, S. Pindyck & Rubinfeld, Daniel L.. Econometric Models and Economic Forecasts [M]. Boston, Mass.: Irwin/McGraw-Hill College. 1998. http://www.sinovc1st.com/articleview/2007-1-25/article_view_2241.htm
[48] Roberts, Edward Edited. Generating Technological Innovation [M]. Oxford University Press,1987
[49] Romer, P.M.. Endogenous Technological Change [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1990(98): 72-102
[50] Romer, P.M.. Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth [J]. Journal of Political Economy,1986(94): 1002-1037
[51] Rothwell, Roy & Zegveld, Walter. Reindustrialization and Technology [M]. Logman Group Limited. 1985
[52] Rothwell, Roy. Towards the Fifth-generation Innovation Process[J],International Marketing Review,1994. Vol. 11 No. 1. 7-31
[53] Sahlins, M.. Stone Age Economics [M]. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. 1972. 191-210
[54] Schmookler, Jacob. Invention and Economic Growth [M]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 1966
[55] Schumpeter, J. A.. Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung [M]. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. 1912 (中文版:约瑟夫·熊彼得著.何畏,易家详译.经济发展理论[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1990)
[56] Shyu, Joseph Z. & Yi-Chia Chiu & Chao-Chen You. A Cross-national Comparative Analysis of Innovation Policy in the Integrated Circuitindustry[J].Technology in Society, 23 (2001): 227–240
[57] Silveira, Giovani Da. Innovation Diffusion: Research Agenda for Developing Economies [J]. Technovation, 21 (2001) 767–773
[58] Solow, R. M.. A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth [J]. Quarterly Journal of Economics,1956,70:65-94
[59] Uzawa, H. Optimum Technical Chang in an Aggregate Model of Economic Growth [J]. International Economic Review. 1965.6. 18-31
[60] Wieland, Thomas. Innovation Culture, Technology Policy and the Uses of History. Paper prepared for the International ProACT Conference, Innovation Pressure, 15-17 March 2006, Tampere, Finland. 22 pages. www.proact2006.fi/chapter_images/303_Ref_B188_T_Wieland.pdf
[61] Williamson, Oliver E.. The Economic Institution of Capitalism [M]. New York: Free Press , 1985
[62] Yang Xiaokai & Boland, J.. A Microeconomic Mechanism for Economic Growth [J]. Journal of Political Economy. 1991(99): 460-482
[63]安东尼·阿特金森,约瑟夫·斯蒂格里茨著.蔡江南等译.公共经济学[M].上海:上海三联书店, 1992(2)
[64]安纳利·萨克森宁.地区优势——硅谷和128公路地区的文化与竞争[M].上海:上海远东出版社, 2003
[65]边燕杰,丘海雄.企业的社会资本及其功效[J].中国社会科学. 2000.2
[66]波特.国家竞争优势[M].北京:华夏出版社, 2002
[67]卜长莉.社会资本与社会和谐[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社, 2005
[68]布罗姆利(Daniel W. Bromley)著.陈郁等译.经济利益和经济制度[M].上海:上海三联书店, 1996
[69]蔡俊生,陈荷清,韩林德.文化论[M].北京:人民出版社. 2003
[70]曹连海.中国儒家文化的性善论与西方文化的性恶论之比较[J].中共济南市委党校、济南市行政学院、济南市社会主义学院学报. 2001.4
[71]陈劲,李飞宇.社会资本:对技术创新的社会学诠释[J].科学学研究. 2001. 19(3): 102-107
[72]陈仕平.技术创新中的文化价值观念冲突及调适[J].武汉理工大学学报(社会科学版). 2003.3
[73]陈晓田,杨列勋.技术创新十年[M].北京:科学出版社, 1999
[74]陈振明主编.政策科学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 1998. 9
[75]成良斌.论科技政策的本质和目的[J].科技管理研究. 2002.4
[76]戴铁军.简论传统文化因素对教育政策的影响[J].现代教育科学. 2006.1
[77]道格拉斯·诺思著.陈郁,罗华平等译.经济史中的结构与变迁[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2002
[78]道格拉斯·诺斯,罗伯特·托马斯著.厉以平,蔡磊译.西方世界的兴起()[M].北京:华夏出版社, 1999. 5
[79]德鲁克.管理——任务、责任、实践(孙耀君等译)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1987
[80]凡勃伦著.蔡受百译.有闲阶级论[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1964.
[81]费孝通.乡土中国[M].北京:三联书店, 1985
[82]冯之浚主编.国家创新系统的理论与政策[M].北京:经济科技出版社, 1999
[83]冯之浚.技术创新与文化传统[J].科学学与科学技术管理. 2000.1
[84]傅家骥主编.技术创新学[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 1998
[85]甘地.供应学派的税收政策:与发展中国家的相关性[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社, 1993
[86]高星海.传统文化、西方文化与中国现代化[J].鞍山钢铁学院学报. 1998.1
[87]高展军,李垣,雷宏振.不同社会文化对企业技术创新方式选择的影响[J].科学学与科学技术管理. 2005.11
[88]格龙多纳(Mariano Grondona).经济发展的文化分类[A].载:[美]塞缪尔·亨廷顿等主编.文化的重要作用——价值观如何影响人类进步[C].北京:新华出版社,2002. 80-94(英文版2000年出版)
[89]格鲁特尔特(C.Grootaert),贝斯特纳尔(T. van Bastelaer)编.社会资本在发展中的作用[M].成都:西南财经大学出版社, 2004
[90]葛勇义,翟琳琳,于丹.技术创新中的主体间性问题[J].科学管理研究. 2006.2
[91]郭太风.文化的主流和支流[M].上海:学林出版社, 2002
[92]国家统计局,科学技术部,财政部. 2005年全国科技经费投入统计公报[R]. 2006年9月14日. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rdpcgb/qgrdpcgb/t20060914_402351626.htm
[93]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴. 2005. http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2005/indexch.htm
[94]国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 2000
[95]郝立忠主编.宏观科技管理学[M].济南:山东人民出版社, 1997
[96]贺卫,伍山林主编.制度经济学[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2003
[97]洪银兴等主编.转轨时期中国经济运行与发展[M].北京:经济科学出版社, 2002
[98]贾春峰.文化力制胜[M].北京:红旗出版社, 2004
[99]贾康,阎坤.中国财政:转轨与变革[M].上海:上海远东出版社, 2000
[100]杰夫·卡特赖特.文化转型——企业成功的基础[M].郁启标等译.南京:江苏人民出版社, 2003
[101]金耀基.人际关系中人情之分析[A].载杨国枢主编.中国人的心理[C].台北:台北桂冠出版社, 1988
[102]柯武刚(W.Kasper),史漫飞(M.E.Streit).制度经济学:社会秩序与公共政策[M].北京:商务印书馆. 2002
[103]科斯.财产权利与制度变迁——产权学派与新制度经济学译文集[C].胡庄君等译.上海:上海三联书店, 1994
[104]克利福德·格尔茨著.韩莉译.文化的解释[M].北京:译林出版社, 1999
[105]库姆斯,萨维奥蒂,沃尔什著.中国社会科学院数量经济技术经济研究所技术经济理论方法研究室译.钟学义校.经济学与技术进步[M].北京:商务印书馆.1989
[106]匡跃辉.科技政策评估:标准与方法[J].科学管理研究. 2005.6
[107]雷宏振,韩娜娜.中国传统文化特征及其对企业创新影响[J].华东经济管理. 2005.7
[108]李承宗,彭福扬.略论传统儒家文化对我国科技创新的影响[J].科学·经济·社会. 2003.1
[109]李承宗,谢翠蓉.试论道教文化对科学技术的影响与启示[J].广东行政学院学报. 2003.6
[110]李承宗.论技术创新对传统道德的影响[J].科学管理研究. 2003.5
[111]李慧.大视野:剖析中国企业[M].北京:华夏出版社, 2007
[112]李路路.社会资本与私营企业家——中国社会结构转型的特殊动力[J].社会学研究. 1995.6
[113]李素珍.谈谈技术创新与文化创新的辩证关系[J].引进与咨询. 2005.8
[114]李煜.文化资本、文化多样性与社会网络资本[J].社会学研究. 2001.4
[115]李约瑟(Joseph Needham).中国科学技术史[M] (原书名:Science and Civilization in China ),第二卷,科学思想史.北京:科学出版社,上海:上海古籍出版社. 1990
[116]李兆友.技术创新主体研究综述[J].哲学动态. 1997.11
[117]李正风,曾国屏.中国国家创新系统研究[M].济南:山东教育出版社, 1999. 139
[118]连燕华.国家创新系统:一种新的分析框架[J].科学学研究, 2000.12
[119]连燕华.技术创新政策概论[J].科学管理研究. 1998.5
[120]梁漱溟.中国文化要义[M].上海:学林出版社, 1987
[121]林语堂.中国人[M].杭州:浙江人民出版社, 1988. 13
[122]刘守英等编.财产权利与制度变迁[M].上海:上海三联出版社,上海人民出版社, 1994. 390
[123]刘小川,王庆华.经济全球化的政府采购[M].北京:经济出版社, 2001
[124]刘永佶.经济文化论[M].北京:中国经济出版社, 1998
[125]刘佐.中国税制五十年: 1949年-1999年[M].北京:中国税务出版社, 2000
[126]柳卸林.技术创新经济学[M].北京:中国计划出版社, 1989. 212
[127]卢现祥.西方新制度经济学[M].北京:中国发展出版社, 1996
[128]鲁迪格·多恩布什等.宏观经济学[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社,2002(第8版)
[129]陆岩.税收国际化和我国税收面临的问题[J].税务研究. 1997.11
[130]路风.走向自主创新:寻求中国力量的源泉[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社, 2006
[131]吕国胜.中小企业研究[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社, 2000.
[132]罗伟.技术创新与政府政策[M].北京:人民出版社, 1996
[133]马克斯·韦伯.儒教与道教[M].北京:商务印书馆, 1995
[134]马克斯·韦伯.新教伦理与资本主义精神[M].西安:陕西师范大学出版社, 2006
[135]马来平.哲学与文化视野中的科学[M].南宁:广西人民出版社, 1991
[136]马凌诺斯基.文化论[M].北京:华夏出版社, 2002
[137]冒天启.经济转型与社会发展[M].武汉:湖北人民出版社, 2000
[138]塞缪尔·亨廷顿.文明的冲突与世界秩序的重建[M].北京:新华出版社, 2002a(英文版1996年出版)
[139]塞缪尔·亨廷顿等主编.文化的重要作用——价值观如何影响人类进步[C].北京:新华出版社, 2002b(英文版2000年出版)
[140]盛亚.中、日、美三国企业技术创新的文化环境比较[J].科技管理研究. 1996.2
[141]石定寰.国家创新系统:理论与现状[M].北京:经济管理出版社, 1999
[142]石元康.当代西方自由主义理论[M].上海:上海三联书店, 2000
[143]斯图尔特等著.卫景宜译.美国文化模式:跨文化视野中的分析[M].天津:百花文艺出版社, 2000
[144]斯韦托扎尔·平乔维奇著.蒋琳琦译.产权经济学[M].北京:经济科学出版社, 2000
[145]孙伯灿等.中国高新技术产业税收优惠政策实证研究[J].浙江大学学报(人文社科版), 2001.11
[146]孙敬水.科技税收政策的国际经验以及对我国的启示[J].科学学研究. 2002.8
[147]谭崇台.发展经济学的新发展[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社, 1999
[148]唐翌.社会网络特征对社会资本价值实现的影响[J].经济科学. 2003.3
[149]陶树人编著.技术经济学[M].北京:经济管理出版社, 1999
[150]特龙彭纳斯(Fons Trompenaars),查理斯·汉普登-特纳.在文化的波涛中冲浪——理解工商管理中的文化多样性[M].北京:华厦出版社. 2003(英文版1997年出版)
[151]王春法.技术创新政策:理论基础与工具选择——美国和日本的比较研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社, 1998
[152]王霄,胡军.社会资本结构与中小企业创新——一项基于结构方程模型的实证研究[J].管理世界. 2005.7
[153]王彦君,孙慕天.试析苏联的政治文化传统对国家科技政策的影响[J].自然辩证法通讯. 2003.1
[154]王中枢.对中国传统文化和当代西方文化的两点思考[J].唯实. 2000.12
[155]威廉·邓恩著,谢明等译.公共政策分析导论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2002
[156]维洛尼克·安布罗西尼.隐性资源:企业赢得持续竞争优势的源泉[M].詹正茂等译.北京:经济管理出版社, 2005
[157]魏光奇.天人之际:中西文化观念比较[M].北京:首都师大出版出版社, 2000
[158]吴敬琏.发展中国高新技术产业:制度重于技术[M].北京:中国发展出版社, 2002
[159]吴秀生.社会转型的文化约束[M].太原:山西教育出版社, 1999
[160]夏保华.技术创新的社会文化实践本质与方向[J].科学学研究. 2006.2
[161]夏晓虹.梁启超文选[M].北京:中国广播电视出版社, 1992
[162]谢勒(F.M.Scherer)著.姚贤涛,王倩译.技术创新——经济增长的原动力[M].北京:新华出版社, 2001
[163]徐建国.西方税收思想[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社, 1996
[164]徐行言主编.中西文化比较[M].北京:北京大学出版社. 2004
[165]许庆瑞主编.研究、发展与技术创新管理[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2000
[166]许晓峰.技术经济学[M].北京:中国发展出版社, 1996
[167]宴辉.市场经济的伦理基础[M].太原:山西教育出版社, 1999
[168]杨林林.转型中国——顶级学者访谈[M].北京:经济日报出版社, 2005(第二版)
[169]野中郁次郎.创新的本质——日本名企最新知识管理案例[M].北京:知识产权出版社, 2006
[170]余志良,谢洪明.技术创新政策理论的研究评述[J].科学管理研究. 2003.6
[171]袁庆明.技术创新的制度结构分析[M].北京:经济管理出版社, 2003
[172]袁祖望.功利主义科研政策导向的危害及文化渊源[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学). 2003.6
[173]约翰·齐曼主编.技术创新进化论[M].上海:上海科技教育出版社, 2002
[174]张岱年,程宜山.中国文化与文化论争[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 1990
[175]张岱年著.邓九平编.张岱年哲学文选[M].北京:中国广播电视出版社, 1999
[176]张方华.企业的社会资本与技术创新——技术创新理论研究的新视野[J].自然辩证法通讯. 2003.6
[177]张方华.企业社会资本与技术创新绩效:概念模型与实证分析[J].研究与发展管理. 2006.3
[178]张峰.我国经济转轨所面临的三重文化背景[J].华中理工大学学报. 1993.3
[179]张洪石,付玉秀.技术创新国际化中的文化冲突与整合[J].技术经济. 2004.8
[180]张建华.创新、激励与经济发展[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社, 2000
[181]张培刚.懂得历史,才能更好地理解中国的发展[J].江汉论坛. 2001.11
[182]张培刚.新发展经济学[M].郑州:河南人民出版社, 1999
[183]张培刚主编.发展经济学教程[M].北京:经济科学出版社, 2001
[184]张其仔.社会资本论:社会资本与经济发展[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社. 1997
[185]张其仔.新经济社会学[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 2001
[186]张伟峰.创新联结——企业创新网络与技术创新方式研究[M].北京:经济管理出版社, 2006
[187]张五常.交易费用的范式[J].社会科学战线. 1999.1
[188]赵兰香.技术创新过程中的政策需求分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理. 1999.4
[189]赵丽芬,孙国辉.微观财政政策的国际比较[M].北京:中国计划出版社, 1989
[190]中国风险投资研究院. 2006年中国风险投资业调研报告[R]. 2007年1月25日. http://www.sinovc1st.com/articleview/2007-1-25/article_view_2241.htm
[191]周长城.经济社会学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2003
[192]朱承斌.科技税收政策的国际比较研究[J].科技导报. 2001.10
[193]朱丽兰主编.海外技术创新参考读本[M].北京:新华出版社, 2000
[194]邹大挺.美国、加拿大的科技税收政策和管理[J].中国科技产业. 1996.2