五味子科药用植物亲缘学初探及两种五味子科药用植物化学成分的研究
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摘要
五味子科Schisandraceae隶属于双子叶植物门木兰亚纲Magnolidea八角目Illiciales,包括五味子属Schisandra Michx.和南五味子属Kadsura Kaemp f.ex Juss两个属,全世界分布约60种,我国分布29种。在我国民间,大多数五味子科植物具有悠久的药用历史和广泛的药用区域,其中,五味子属植物通常以果实入药,具有收敛、滋补、强壮、安神的功效;而南五味子属植物通常以藤茎入药,具有行气止痛、活血通络、祛风除湿的功效。在《中国人民共和国药典》(2005年版一部)中仅收载了五味子属的五味子Schisandra chinessis(Turcz)Baill.和华中五味子Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et Wils.的成熟果实,分别称为“五味子”和“南五味子”。
五味子科植物的主要活性成分木脂素类化合物除传统的保肝降酶、调节中枢神经系统的作用外,越来越多地被用于抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗艾滋病毒等活性的研究。为了更好地对五味子科药用植物资源进行开发利用,我们对江西修水县采集的翼梗五味子和海南儋州市采集的冷饭藤的藤茎进行了化学成分研究,共分离鉴定了58个单体化合物,其中11个为新化合物,为寻找新的活性成分提供了线索。
采用多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,从翼梗五味子藤茎的乙醇提取物中分离到34个化合物,综合运用现代波谱学技术鉴定了27个化合物,包括木脂素类化合物18个(其中联苯环辛烯类木脂素5个,芳基四氢萘类木脂素6个,四氢呋喃类木脂素2个,二芳基丁烷类3个,其他类型木脂素2个),黄烷醇类化合物3个,甘油酯类化合物2个,萘醌类化合物1个,黄嘌呤类化合物1个,甾体类化合物2个(胡萝卜苷,β-谷甾醇),其中,5个为新化合物,7个为本科首次报道。
通过对冷饭藤的藤茎化学成分的研究,从丙酮提取物中分离得到49个化合物,鉴定了31个化合物,包括木脂素类化合物20个(联苯环辛烯类木脂素11个,螺苯骈联苯环辛烯类木脂素8个,其他类型木脂素1个),黄酮类化合物9个,降三萜类化合物1个,其中。4个为新化合物,1个新的天然产物,8个为本科首次报道。
为进一步发现五味子科植物的药用资源和更加客观的评价该科药用植物的质量,我们对采集的82个五味子科植物样品,其中,五味子属13个种5个变种65个样品,南五味子属6个种17个样品,进行了主要化学成分的分析,我们发现不同种、属的样品间成分差异很大,同种不同产地问的化学成分差异也很大,同种不同药用部位之间的化学成分差异也很大。
为了更好的整理和调查五味子科植物的传统疗效,我们还对分布在中国的五味子科植物进行了传统药物学调查,查阅了全国17个相关的标本馆及相关的本草记录,对具有传统疗效记载的五味子科植物进行了传统药物学的整理,包括:俗名、入药部位、传统用法、传统疗效及应用、凭证标本等。
同时,本文还综合了五味子科植物的传统分类学、化学成分研究、现代药理学研究及传统疗效的调查,对五味子科植物的药用植物亲缘学进行了初步探讨,发现五味子科药用植物的现代药理活性研究与传统疗效之间有很好的相关性,且很多活性也找到了相对应的物质基础,同时也向我们提示两属植物功效主治上差别的物质基础与特征性成分有关,为合理开发利用本科药用植物资源提供了理论依据。
The family Schisandraceae consists of two genera,Schisandra and Kadsura.About 60 species distribute worldwide,while about 29 species in China.There are more than 20 schisandraceous species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine.The fruits of Schisandra chinensis known as Wu Wei Zi,and some related ones such as the fruits of Schisandra rubriflora and Schisandra henryi are used in folk medicine as substitutes of WuWeiZi.Which the stems and roots of Kadsura are often used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,gastric and duodenal ulcer,eg.,the stems of Kadsura heteroclita are used as Ji Xue Teng.The fruits of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.) Baill.and S. sphenanthera Rehd.et Wils.are recorded as tonic and convergent agents in the Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005),under the items Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis(WuWeiZi) and Fructus Schisandrae Sphenantherae(NanWuWeiZi),respectively.
In the last several years,extensive studies on the bioactive components of schisandraceous plants have been carried out.Novel lignans and triterpenes possessing different skeletons isolated from them exhibited various biological activities including anti-HIV,anti-tumor and antioxidant activities,and attracted more attention for the scientists.The present doctoral dissertation was carried out to study the chemical constituents isolated from stems of two medicinal schisandraceous plants.
34 compounds were isolated from the ethanol extracts of the stems S.henryi collected in the Jiangxi province by various column chromatographies.27 of them were identified on the basis of spectral analysis(including UV,IR,CD,MS and NMR).There are 18 lignans,(including 5 dibenzocyclooctadienes,6 aryltetralins,2 tetrahydrofurans,3 diarylbutanes,2 other lignans),3 flavanols,2 glyceroesters,1 naphthoquinone,1 xanthine and 2 steroids,of which 6 compounds were new compounds,and 7 compounds were isolated from this family for the first time.
Phytochemical investigation on the acetone extract of the stems of K.oblongifolia led to the isolation of 49 compounds and 31 of them were identified.They were 20 lignans,(including 11 dibenzocyclooctadienes,8 spirobenzofuranoid dibenzocycloocta -dienes,1 other lignan),9 flavones,and 1 nortriterpenoid.Among them,4 were new compounds,1 was new natural products,and 8 compounds were isolated from this family for the first time.
In order to discover the new resources from schisandraceous plants and evaluate its quality,we analyzed the main chemical constituents of schisandraceous plants by HPLC-DAD.82 collected specimens,including 13 species and 5 varieties in Schisandra, 6 species in Kadsura were investigated.The results revealed there were great differences in the contents and types of chemical constituents among the specimens from different species,localities,as well as used part.
For the further surveying and arranging the traditional function of Schisandraceae, we also carried out the ethnopharmacological survey of Schisandraceae,and consulted 17 related herbariums and related Herbal's records nationwide.We documented the ethnopharmacological arrangements of schisandraceous plants which had the traditional therapeutic effects,including colloquial name,medical location,traditional usage, traditional efficacy and application,credentials specimens.
In addition,preliminary investigation about the correlations in the taxonomy, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Schisandraceae were reviewed based on references.Several correlations between the modern pharmacological researches and traditional therapeutic effects have been found.Moreover,it was also demonstrated the different pharmacological activity is related to the characteristic components of the two genera which provided the theoretical evidence to the further utilization of these plants.
五味子科植物的主要活性成分木脂素类化合物除传统的保肝降酶、调节中枢神经系统的作用外,越来越多地被用于抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗艾滋病毒等活性的研究。为了更好地对五味子科药用植物资源进行开发利用,我们对江西修水县采集的翼梗五味子和海南儋州市采集的冷饭藤的藤茎进行了化学成分研究,共分离鉴定了58个单体化合物,其中11个为新化合物,为寻找新的活性成分提供了线索。
采用多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,从翼梗五味子藤茎的乙醇提取物中分离到34个化合物,综合运用现代波谱学技术鉴定了27个化合物,包括木脂素类化合物18个(其中联苯环辛烯类木脂素5个,芳基四氢萘类木脂素6个,四氢呋喃类木脂素2个,二芳基丁烷类3个,其他类型木脂素2个),黄烷醇类化合物3个,甘油酯类化合物2个,萘醌类化合物1个,黄嘌呤类化合物1个,甾体类化合物2个(胡萝卜苷,β-谷甾醇),其中,5个为新化合物,7个为本科首次报道。
通过对冷饭藤的藤茎化学成分的研究,从丙酮提取物中分离得到49个化合物,鉴定了31个化合物,包括木脂素类化合物20个(联苯环辛烯类木脂素11个,螺苯骈联苯环辛烯类木脂素8个,其他类型木脂素1个),黄酮类化合物9个,降三萜类化合物1个,其中。4个为新化合物,1个新的天然产物,8个为本科首次报道。
为进一步发现五味子科植物的药用资源和更加客观的评价该科药用植物的质量,我们对采集的82个五味子科植物样品,其中,五味子属13个种5个变种65个样品,南五味子属6个种17个样品,进行了主要化学成分的分析,我们发现不同种、属的样品间成分差异很大,同种不同产地问的化学成分差异也很大,同种不同药用部位之间的化学成分差异也很大。
为了更好的整理和调查五味子科植物的传统疗效,我们还对分布在中国的五味子科植物进行了传统药物学调查,查阅了全国17个相关的标本馆及相关的本草记录,对具有传统疗效记载的五味子科植物进行了传统药物学的整理,包括:俗名、入药部位、传统用法、传统疗效及应用、凭证标本等。
同时,本文还综合了五味子科植物的传统分类学、化学成分研究、现代药理学研究及传统疗效的调查,对五味子科植物的药用植物亲缘学进行了初步探讨,发现五味子科药用植物的现代药理活性研究与传统疗效之间有很好的相关性,且很多活性也找到了相对应的物质基础,同时也向我们提示两属植物功效主治上差别的物质基础与特征性成分有关,为合理开发利用本科药用植物资源提供了理论依据。
The family Schisandraceae consists of two genera,Schisandra and Kadsura.About 60 species distribute worldwide,while about 29 species in China.There are more than 20 schisandraceous species have been used in traditional Chinese medicine.The fruits of Schisandra chinensis known as Wu Wei Zi,and some related ones such as the fruits of Schisandra rubriflora and Schisandra henryi are used in folk medicine as substitutes of WuWeiZi.Which the stems and roots of Kadsura are often used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis,gastric and duodenal ulcer,eg.,the stems of Kadsura heteroclita are used as Ji Xue Teng.The fruits of Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.) Baill.and S. sphenanthera Rehd.et Wils.are recorded as tonic and convergent agents in the Chinese Pharmacopeia(2005),under the items Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis(WuWeiZi) and Fructus Schisandrae Sphenantherae(NanWuWeiZi),respectively.
In the last several years,extensive studies on the bioactive components of schisandraceous plants have been carried out.Novel lignans and triterpenes possessing different skeletons isolated from them exhibited various biological activities including anti-HIV,anti-tumor and antioxidant activities,and attracted more attention for the scientists.The present doctoral dissertation was carried out to study the chemical constituents isolated from stems of two medicinal schisandraceous plants.
34 compounds were isolated from the ethanol extracts of the stems S.henryi collected in the Jiangxi province by various column chromatographies.27 of them were identified on the basis of spectral analysis(including UV,IR,CD,MS and NMR).There are 18 lignans,(including 5 dibenzocyclooctadienes,6 aryltetralins,2 tetrahydrofurans,3 diarylbutanes,2 other lignans),3 flavanols,2 glyceroesters,1 naphthoquinone,1 xanthine and 2 steroids,of which 6 compounds were new compounds,and 7 compounds were isolated from this family for the first time.
Phytochemical investigation on the acetone extract of the stems of K.oblongifolia led to the isolation of 49 compounds and 31 of them were identified.They were 20 lignans,(including 11 dibenzocyclooctadienes,8 spirobenzofuranoid dibenzocycloocta -dienes,1 other lignan),9 flavones,and 1 nortriterpenoid.Among them,4 were new compounds,1 was new natural products,and 8 compounds were isolated from this family for the first time.
In order to discover the new resources from schisandraceous plants and evaluate its quality,we analyzed the main chemical constituents of schisandraceous plants by HPLC-DAD.82 collected specimens,including 13 species and 5 varieties in Schisandra, 6 species in Kadsura were investigated.The results revealed there were great differences in the contents and types of chemical constituents among the specimens from different species,localities,as well as used part.
For the further surveying and arranging the traditional function of Schisandraceae, we also carried out the ethnopharmacological survey of Schisandraceae,and consulted 17 related herbariums and related Herbal's records nationwide.We documented the ethnopharmacological arrangements of schisandraceous plants which had the traditional therapeutic effects,including colloquial name,medical location,traditional usage, traditional efficacy and application,credentials specimens.
In addition,preliminary investigation about the correlations in the taxonomy, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Schisandraceae were reviewed based on references.Several correlations between the modern pharmacological researches and traditional therapeutic effects have been found.Moreover,it was also demonstrated the different pharmacological activity is related to the characteristic components of the two genera which provided the theoretical evidence to the further utilization of these plants.
引文
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