屋顶绿化建造技术及应用研究
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摘要
城市的快速发展,大量的建设开发,城市的生态环境遭到破坏。经济的发展、城市化与城市的环境保护产生矛盾。开发并不一定意味着破坏,城市的发展应走经济和生态协调可持续发展的道路。而屋顶绿化,这一脱离露地,在结构板上的绿化形式,能有效的弥补城市的绿化不足,使城市不再是冷漠的钢筋混凝土,不再是恶劣的单调的环境,它使城市变得生机盎然,欣欣向荣。我国自开放以来,城市化步入高速发展阶段,与此同时城市环境却遭到不同程度的破坏,环境问题日益突出。为改善城市环境,屋顶绿化这一新的绿化形式在我国逐渐发展起来。全国兴起了大规模建设屋顶绿化的热潮。
本文针对我国目前屋顶绿化的发展状况,总结国内外先进的建造技术,对其分类,较全面地介绍了建造技术的有关知识,并对其在我国的应用提出一些思考建议。主要内容包括:
1.屋顶绿化简述。包括发展历史概述,屋顶绿化的作用、特征、分类,并简要介绍屋顶绿化的设计原则。
2.植被选择:分析了屋顶植被的生长环境,植被的选择原则,屋顶绿化植被的种类及适用范围,并针对屋顶的绿化设计提出植被的设计方法。
3.建造技术:将建造技术分类,分别从其安全技术、构造技术、维护技术、改建技术、新型技术这五个方面分项介绍,并结合国内外典型实例分析,使读者对建造技术的各个环节有一个较为全面的了解,对屋顶绿化技术的内容和发展有一个较为全面的认识。
4.应用思考:针对屋顶绿化的应用,本文分析了屋顶绿化在我国的发展现状以及出现的一些问题,从经济和节能的角度对其发展做了可行性分析,从建造造价、应用类型、政策法规和人们的思想认识方面对其应用提出建议。
Because of the rapid development of cities,and the large quantities of Construction and Development, the city's ecological environment has been destroyed. There are conflict between the economic development, the urbanization and the urban environmental. Development does not necessarily imply the destruction of urban.Development should take the economic ,the ecological to be coordinated and sustainable development. The green roof, which from the open field, in the board structure of the green form, can effectively make up for the lack of urban greening, the city will no longer be indifferent to the reinforced concrete, and no longer the poor monotonous environment, the city becomes Vibrant, thriving .Since the opening up of China's urbanization into the high-speed development stage, the urban environment have been damage Seriously.The environmental issues have become increasingly prominent. To improve the urban environment, the green roof in China has been gradually developed. A large-scale construction of green roof is rising.
In this paper against the current state of development about green roofs, summed up the advanced construction technology, its classification, more comprehensive introduction to the construction of the relevant technical knowledge and its application in China and put forward some proposals thinking. Mainly include:
1.The briefly of green roof. Including the development of history,Overview of the role of green roofs, characteristics, classification, and the green roof's design principles.
2.Vegetation options: the roof of vegetation's growen environment, the principle of how to choice the vegetation, the types of the vegetation , the scope of application, and the design method about the vegetation.
3.Construction technology: categories the construction technology, from its security technology, construction, maintenance, conversion technology, and the new technology of these five areas of sub-item. Analysis the typical examples which at home and abroad, so that the readers can get a more comprehensive understanding about the various construction technology Part of of green roof technology content and the development.
4.The thinking of use: To the use of green roofs, this paper analysis about the status of development and the emergence of a number of issues, and done a feasibility analysis from the perspective of economic and energy for their development and make recommendations from the construction cost, type of use, policy Regulations and people's ideological awareness of its use
本文针对我国目前屋顶绿化的发展状况,总结国内外先进的建造技术,对其分类,较全面地介绍了建造技术的有关知识,并对其在我国的应用提出一些思考建议。主要内容包括:
1.屋顶绿化简述。包括发展历史概述,屋顶绿化的作用、特征、分类,并简要介绍屋顶绿化的设计原则。
2.植被选择:分析了屋顶植被的生长环境,植被的选择原则,屋顶绿化植被的种类及适用范围,并针对屋顶的绿化设计提出植被的设计方法。
3.建造技术:将建造技术分类,分别从其安全技术、构造技术、维护技术、改建技术、新型技术这五个方面分项介绍,并结合国内外典型实例分析,使读者对建造技术的各个环节有一个较为全面的了解,对屋顶绿化技术的内容和发展有一个较为全面的认识。
4.应用思考:针对屋顶绿化的应用,本文分析了屋顶绿化在我国的发展现状以及出现的一些问题,从经济和节能的角度对其发展做了可行性分析,从建造造价、应用类型、政策法规和人们的思想认识方面对其应用提出建议。
Because of the rapid development of cities,and the large quantities of Construction and Development, the city's ecological environment has been destroyed. There are conflict between the economic development, the urbanization and the urban environmental. Development does not necessarily imply the destruction of urban.Development should take the economic ,the ecological to be coordinated and sustainable development. The green roof, which from the open field, in the board structure of the green form, can effectively make up for the lack of urban greening, the city will no longer be indifferent to the reinforced concrete, and no longer the poor monotonous environment, the city becomes Vibrant, thriving .Since the opening up of China's urbanization into the high-speed development stage, the urban environment have been damage Seriously.The environmental issues have become increasingly prominent. To improve the urban environment, the green roof in China has been gradually developed. A large-scale construction of green roof is rising.
In this paper against the current state of development about green roofs, summed up the advanced construction technology, its classification, more comprehensive introduction to the construction of the relevant technical knowledge and its application in China and put forward some proposals thinking. Mainly include:
1.The briefly of green roof. Including the development of history,Overview of the role of green roofs, characteristics, classification, and the green roof's design principles.
2.Vegetation options: the roof of vegetation's growen environment, the principle of how to choice the vegetation, the types of the vegetation , the scope of application, and the design method about the vegetation.
3.Construction technology: categories the construction technology, from its security technology, construction, maintenance, conversion technology, and the new technology of these five areas of sub-item. Analysis the typical examples which at home and abroad, so that the readers can get a more comprehensive understanding about the various construction technology Part of of green roof technology content and the development.
4.The thinking of use: To the use of green roofs, this paper analysis about the status of development and the emergence of a number of issues, and done a feasibility analysis from the perspective of economic and energy for their development and make recommendations from the construction cost, type of use, policy Regulations and people's ideological awareness of its use
引文
[1] 任蕾.屋顶花园设计研究.[北京工业大学硕士论文],2005,(5):1-2
[2] 查 翔.城市景观之———屋顶绿化.中外建筑.2006,(02):55-56
[3] 邵 锷 . 浅 谈 屋 顶 花 园 的 发 展 与 建 造 技 术 . 沈 阳 师 范 大 学 艺 术 学院.2006,(10):123
[4] 殷丽峰, 李树华.日本屋顶花园技术.中国园林, 2005,(5):62-66
[5] 黄茶英.我国屋顶花园研究进展.浙江教育学院学报,2006,(11):57-60
[6] 黄金琦.屋顶花园设计与营造.中国林业出版社,1994,(2):8-10,55-56,99-100
[7] 江天梅.屋顶绿化.上海建材,2006,(4):29-31
[8] 张英杰, 赵翠荣.天台绿化技术.安徽农业科学, 2006,(3):1868
[9] 渥尔纳.皮特.库斯特.德国屋顶花园绿化.中国园林,2005,(4):71-75
[10] 许枫.屋顶绿化的设计与构造.[重庆建筑大学硕士论文],1996,(12):12-13
[11] 余伟增.屋顶绿化技术与设计.[北京林业大学硕士论文],2006,(6):78-79
[12] [美]西奥多.奥斯曼德森著.屋顶花园历史.设计.建造.林韵然,郑筱津译.中国建筑工业出版社,2006,(4):185-193
[13] 徐峰,封蕾,郭子一.屋顶花园设计与施工.化学工业出版社,2007,(2):186-190
[14] 王 丹 . 寒 地 城 市 屋 顶 花 园 设 计 研 究 . [ 哈 尔 滨 工 业 大 学 硕 士 论文],2003,(12):27-28
[15] 张道真.种植屋面的基本构造设计.施工技术,2004,(1):69-70
[16] 许建彬.南方地区屋顶花园的防水处理.施工技术,2002,(8):35-36
[17] 谢浩, 朱仁鸿.屋顶花园的防水设计与施工.广东园林,2005,(2):25-27
[18] 王天.《种植屋面工程技术规程》概述.中国建筑防水,2006.增刊:70-73
[19] 陆俊.楼面花园设计研究.[华南理工大学硕士论文],2004,(12):102-103
[20] 维尔弗雷德·舒马赫绿.种植屋面在德国.中国建筑防水,2005,(8):04-06
[21] Stevens David. Roof Gardens. Balconies and Terraces. New York: Rizzoli, 1997
[22] 张道真.关于种植屋面.建筑学报,2004,(3):72-73
[23] 陈敬忠.建筑中屋顶花园建设应注意的几个技术问题.广西土木建筑,2000, (12):182-184
[24] 韩丽莉.屋顶绿化系统技术.市政技术,2006,(4):42-43
[25] 施韬,施惠生.绿色种植屋面的研究.浙江工业大学学报,2006,(4):220-223
[26] Thomas E Phalen Jr. Design and analysis of single-ply roof systems. EnglewoodCliffs,N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1993
[27] 牛海金.论屋顶花园的设计与营造.科技情报开发与经济,2004,(12):155-156
[28] Loss John, Earle W Kennett. Performance Failures in Buildings and Civil Works.Bethesda, Maryland: University of Maryland, 1991
[29] Levick Melba. Barcelona: Architectural Details and Delights. Barcelona: Ediciones,Policrafa: New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1993
[30] Frampton Kenneth. Studies in Tectonic Culture.' The Poetics of Construction in Nineteenthand Twentieth Century Architecture. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995
[31] 赵定国, 曹逸, 薛伟成等. 一次成坪解决屋顶绿化技术难题.中国花卉园艺, 2004,(18):9
[32] 韩 丽 莉 , 马 丽 亚 . BIO-PARASO 工 法 在 屋 顶 绿 化 建 植 中 的 应 用 技 术 , ARCHICREATION.2004,(6):138
[33] 贾伟一.索普瑞玛种植屋面系统概述.中国建筑防水,2005,(8):07-10
[34] 李岳岩, 周若祁.日本的屋顶绿化设计与技术.建筑学报,2006,(2):37-39
[35] Gutdeutsch. Gotz- Building in Wood: Construction and Details. Basel, Boston: Birkhauser,1997
[36] 董勇, 徐波, 愈永强.屋顶花园的设计与建造.园林科技,2004,(1):50-53
[37] 苏贵智, 梁 洁.屋顶花园的实践与思考.中国园林,2006,04:92-94
[38] 韩丽莉.“科技部建筑节能示范楼”屋顶绿化的设计与施工.LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE.2006,(4):58-62
[39] 王军利.屋顶绿化的简史、现状与发展对策.园艺园林科学 ,2005,(12): 304-306
[40] 赵志刚.西北地区城市屋顶花园建设的初步研究.[西北大学硕士论文].2006
[41] 张孟霞.发展屋面种植绿化.改善人类生存环境.工程质量,2005,(12):40-41
[42] C.N. Mindham. Roof construction for dwellings. London: Collins: distributed in the U.S.A,by Sheridan House, 1986
[43] 郭军.政府在推行屋顶绿化过程中的作用.建筑技术开发,2005,(9):97-99
[44] 李惠春.浅谈屋顶绿化与推广.交流平台.2006,(1):86-87
[45] O'Gorman, Patricia W. Patios and Gardens of Mexico. New York: Architectural Book,Publishing, 1979
[46] CN. Mindham. Roof construction and loft conversion. Oxford, Maiden, MA: Blackwell,Science, 1999
[47] Akiko Busch. Rooftop architecture: the art of going through the roof. New York: H.Holt, Cl991
[2] 查 翔.城市景观之———屋顶绿化.中外建筑.2006,(02):55-56
[3] 邵 锷 . 浅 谈 屋 顶 花 园 的 发 展 与 建 造 技 术 . 沈 阳 师 范 大 学 艺 术 学院.2006,(10):123
[4] 殷丽峰, 李树华.日本屋顶花园技术.中国园林, 2005,(5):62-66
[5] 黄茶英.我国屋顶花园研究进展.浙江教育学院学报,2006,(11):57-60
[6] 黄金琦.屋顶花园设计与营造.中国林业出版社,1994,(2):8-10,55-56,99-100
[7] 江天梅.屋顶绿化.上海建材,2006,(4):29-31
[8] 张英杰, 赵翠荣.天台绿化技术.安徽农业科学, 2006,(3):1868
[9] 渥尔纳.皮特.库斯特.德国屋顶花园绿化.中国园林,2005,(4):71-75
[10] 许枫.屋顶绿化的设计与构造.[重庆建筑大学硕士论文],1996,(12):12-13
[11] 余伟增.屋顶绿化技术与设计.[北京林业大学硕士论文],2006,(6):78-79
[12] [美]西奥多.奥斯曼德森著.屋顶花园历史.设计.建造.林韵然,郑筱津译.中国建筑工业出版社,2006,(4):185-193
[13] 徐峰,封蕾,郭子一.屋顶花园设计与施工.化学工业出版社,2007,(2):186-190
[14] 王 丹 . 寒 地 城 市 屋 顶 花 园 设 计 研 究 . [ 哈 尔 滨 工 业 大 学 硕 士 论文],2003,(12):27-28
[15] 张道真.种植屋面的基本构造设计.施工技术,2004,(1):69-70
[16] 许建彬.南方地区屋顶花园的防水处理.施工技术,2002,(8):35-36
[17] 谢浩, 朱仁鸿.屋顶花园的防水设计与施工.广东园林,2005,(2):25-27
[18] 王天.《种植屋面工程技术规程》概述.中国建筑防水,2006.增刊:70-73
[19] 陆俊.楼面花园设计研究.[华南理工大学硕士论文],2004,(12):102-103
[20] 维尔弗雷德·舒马赫绿.种植屋面在德国.中国建筑防水,2005,(8):04-06
[21] Stevens David. Roof Gardens. Balconies and Terraces. New York: Rizzoli, 1997
[22] 张道真.关于种植屋面.建筑学报,2004,(3):72-73
[23] 陈敬忠.建筑中屋顶花园建设应注意的几个技术问题.广西土木建筑,2000, (12):182-184
[24] 韩丽莉.屋顶绿化系统技术.市政技术,2006,(4):42-43
[25] 施韬,施惠生.绿色种植屋面的研究.浙江工业大学学报,2006,(4):220-223
[26] Thomas E Phalen Jr. Design and analysis of single-ply roof systems. EnglewoodCliffs,N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1993
[27] 牛海金.论屋顶花园的设计与营造.科技情报开发与经济,2004,(12):155-156
[28] Loss John, Earle W Kennett. Performance Failures in Buildings and Civil Works.Bethesda, Maryland: University of Maryland, 1991
[29] Levick Melba. Barcelona: Architectural Details and Delights. Barcelona: Ediciones,Policrafa: New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1993
[30] Frampton Kenneth. Studies in Tectonic Culture.' The Poetics of Construction in Nineteenthand Twentieth Century Architecture. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1995
[31] 赵定国, 曹逸, 薛伟成等. 一次成坪解决屋顶绿化技术难题.中国花卉园艺, 2004,(18):9
[32] 韩 丽 莉 , 马 丽 亚 . BIO-PARASO 工 法 在 屋 顶 绿 化 建 植 中 的 应 用 技 术 , ARCHICREATION.2004,(6):138
[33] 贾伟一.索普瑞玛种植屋面系统概述.中国建筑防水,2005,(8):07-10
[34] 李岳岩, 周若祁.日本的屋顶绿化设计与技术.建筑学报,2006,(2):37-39
[35] Gutdeutsch. Gotz- Building in Wood: Construction and Details. Basel, Boston: Birkhauser,1997
[36] 董勇, 徐波, 愈永强.屋顶花园的设计与建造.园林科技,2004,(1):50-53
[37] 苏贵智, 梁 洁.屋顶花园的实践与思考.中国园林,2006,04:92-94
[38] 韩丽莉.“科技部建筑节能示范楼”屋顶绿化的设计与施工.LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE.2006,(4):58-62
[39] 王军利.屋顶绿化的简史、现状与发展对策.园艺园林科学 ,2005,(12): 304-306
[40] 赵志刚.西北地区城市屋顶花园建设的初步研究.[西北大学硕士论文].2006
[41] 张孟霞.发展屋面种植绿化.改善人类生存环境.工程质量,2005,(12):40-41
[42] C.N. Mindham. Roof construction for dwellings. London: Collins: distributed in the U.S.A,by Sheridan House, 1986
[43] 郭军.政府在推行屋顶绿化过程中的作用.建筑技术开发,2005,(9):97-99
[44] 李惠春.浅谈屋顶绿化与推广.交流平台.2006,(1):86-87
[45] O'Gorman, Patricia W. Patios and Gardens of Mexico. New York: Architectural Book,Publishing, 1979
[46] CN. Mindham. Roof construction and loft conversion. Oxford, Maiden, MA: Blackwell,Science, 1999
[47] Akiko Busch. Rooftop architecture: the art of going through the roof. New York: H.Holt, Cl991