用户名: 密码: 验证码:
六神丸抗肺癌血管生成及信号转导途径的实验及临床研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
目的:通过体外实验观察六神丸含药血清对人肺癌A549细胞增殖、凋亡、细胞形态、生长状态、VEGF和VEGFmRNA、K-RAS、ERK1、ERK2、p-ERK蛋白表达的影响,K-RAS、ERK1、ERK2、p-ERK蛋白表达与VEGF表达的相关性,临床观察六神丸联合化疗治疗未经任何治疗ⅢB-IV期或不能手术ⅢA期肺癌患者的临床疗效和血清CEA、CYFRA21-1、VEGF的变化,探讨六神丸抗血管生成是否通过激活Ras→Raf→MEK→MAPK信号转导途径及血清VEGF是否可作为临床观察疗效指标之一。
     方法:
     1.实验研究采用体外培养人肺癌A549细胞,以不同浓度六神丸含药血清与A549共同孵育并分组观察,MTT法检测六神丸含药血清对人肺癌细胞系A549的增殖、光学显微镜下观察细胞形态、倒置相差显微镜下观察生长状态、流式细胞仪检测六神丸含药血清对细胞凋亡的影响、免疫细胞化学法测定VEGF、K-RAS、ERK1、ERK2、p-ERK蛋白表达情况,逆转录-聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)检测VEGFmRNA的影响。
     2.临床研究观察六神丸联合化疗及化疗组对非小细胞肺癌患者的临床疗效及血清CEA、CYFRA21-1、VEGF表达水平的影响。全部病例均来自山东中医药大学附属医院,2009年12月至2011年12月肿瘤内科住院病人。制定病例纳入标准,纳入研究病人60例,随机分为观察组30例,对照组30例,对照组采用TP化疗方案,观察组在化疗的同时及化疗期间,同时给予六神丸。收集所有患者治疗前及治疗两周期后外周血5ml,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测VEGF水平,放射免疫分析法检测CYFRA21-1、CEA表达水平,观察治疗前后的临床疗效。
     结果:
     1.实验研究(1)六神丸含药血清对体外培养A549细胞具有明显细胞毒作用,且随着含药血清浓度的增加OD值逐渐降低,有显著性差异。(2)各含药血清组均可破坏人肺癌A549细胞的正常形态,阻碍其增殖生长;六神丸含药血清对人肺癌A549细胞的增殖抑制作用与含药血清的浓度呈正相关;六神丸与DDP联合用药有协同作用。(3)各含药鼠血清组、DDP单药组以及DDP+10%含药鼠血清组的早期凋亡率明显高于对照组;随着含药浓度的不断升高,早期凋亡率也明显增加;联合组的早期凋亡率明显高于各含药鼠血清组和DDP单药组。(4)各含药鼠血清组、DDP单药组以及DDP+10%含药鼠血清组的VEGF、ERK1、ERK2、p-ERK、K-RAS表达量及VEGFmRNA相对表达量均明显低于10%胎牛血清组,有显著性差异;与药物浓度呈负比。(5)统计结果显示六神丸含药血清对A549细胞降低VEGF的表达与其对ERK-1、ERK-2、p-ERK、K-ras表达的影响呈显著正相关(r=0.887,0.835,0.952,0.866)。
     2.临床研究(1)两组化疗完成情况:观察组2周期化疗完成率93.3%(28/30),高于对照组86.7%(26/30);(2)近期客观疗效:经χ2检验,两组有效率和病灶稳定率比较均无显著性差异;(3)两组治疗前后血清VEGF、CEA、CYFRA21-1水平的比较:两组治疗后VEGF、CEA、CYFRA21-1表达水平均较治疗前明显下降;与对照组相比,观察组VEGF、CEA表达水平更低,幅度下降更大,具有显著统计学差异。与对照组相比,观察组CYFRA21-1表达水平更低,但两组比较无统计学差异。(4)两组患者血清CEA、CYFRA21-1水平与VEGF水平行相关性分析:结果呈明显正相关(r=0.399、0.275,P<0.01)。
     结论:六神丸通过抑制Ras→Raf→MEK→MAPK信号转导途径降低肺癌A549细胞VEGF蛋白的表达从而发挥抗血管生成的作用,具有抑制肺癌A549细胞生长、促进凋亡的作用,可降低肺癌患者血清VEGF的水平,同时六神丸联合化疗效果更好,二者具有协同作用。临床联合检测肺癌患者血清VEGF、CEA、CYFRA21-1的变化具有观察疗效及监测病情的作用。
Objective:
     to observe1.the effect of Six Spirits Pill medicated serum roling in the cells for theproliferation,apoptosis,cells form and growth condition of the lung cancer cell A549,and for the protein expression changes of VEGF,K-RAS,ERK1,ERK2,p-ERK andVEGFmRNA,the correlation between K-RAS, ERK1,ERK2,p-ERK protein expressionand of VEGF expression.2.the clinical effects and the changes of serum CEA,CYFRA21-1and VEGF for the lung cancer patients without any treatment IIIB-IV stage or IIIA stagepatients who can't be operated on by Six Spirits pill combination chemotherapy treatment;The paper discusses whether Six Spirits Pill antiangiogenic is achieved by activating theRAS→Raf→MEK→MAPK signal transduction pathways and Whether serum VEGF canbe used as one of clinical observation curative effect.Methods:
     1. Experimental study
     Culture the lung cancer A549cells in vitro utilizing the method of serumpharmacolog,incubate different concentration of serum which included Six Spirits Pilltogether with A549cells and observe them in group.Detect the effect of the serum with pillto proliferation by the use of the MTT method,observe cells’form with optical microscopeand growth state with inverted phase contrast microscope,detect cell apoptosis with theFlow cytometric,determine the protein expression changes of the VEGF,K-RAS,ERK1,ERK2,p-ERK in immunocytochemical method,test VEGFmRNA by means of retrovirus--polymerase chain reaction method.
     2.Clinical study
     Observe the clinical effects for the non-small cell lung cancer patient and the effectfor the expression changes of serum CEA,CYFRA21-1,VEGF from the six Spirits pillcombination chemotherapy treatment and chemotherapy treatment group.All case were thein-patients who were from shandong university of traditional Chinese medicine hospital,from May2010to December2011tumor. According to the criteria, there are60cases inall,some were divided into observation group of30cases and the other control group of30cases randomly.The control group uses the TP chemotherapy,the observation group wereadded Six Spirits Pill during chemotherapy.Before the treatment and after the two cycletreatment, Collect5ml peripheral blood of all patients,observe the VEGF level by the useof enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test method,detect CYFRA21-1,CEAexpression level by radiation immune analysis method,and observe the clinical curativeeffect before and after treatment.Results:
     1.Experimental study
     (1)Utilizing medicated serum of Six Spirits Pill to A549cells has obvious cytotoxiceffects,and with the increase of medicated serum concentrations the OD value graduallyreduced,there are obviously differences.(2)The medicated serum group all can destroy thenormal form of A549cells,hinder the growth of proliferation,and have positivecorrelation with serum concentration. Six Spirits Pill and DDP have the synergisticeffect.(3)Early apoptosis rate of medicated serum groups was higher than the controlgroup;As the drug concentration rises,early apoptosis rate obviously increased;The jointgroup's was higher than medicated serum group’s and DDP single drug group’s.(4)Theexpression amount of VEGF,ERK1,ERK2,p-ERK,K-RAS and the relative amountVEGFmRNA of medicated serum group were significantly lower than the control group,there are significantly differences;Drug concentration was negatively.(5)The statisticalresults show that the Six Spirits Pill medicated serum for A549cells reducing VEGFexpression and it’s roling in ERK1,ERK-2,p-ERK,K-ras expression has significantcorrelation (r=0.887,0.835,0.952,0.866).2.Clinical study
     (1) The chemotherapy accomplishment circumstances of the two groups:the2cycle chemotherapy completion rate of the observation group is93.3%(28/30),higher than86.7%of the control group(26/30);(2)the recent clinical curative effect:through thechi-square test,there are no significant difference between the effective rate and stabilityrate of two groups.(3)the comparison of serum VEGF,CEA,CYFRA21-1level of twogroups before and after treatment:after treating, the expression levels of VEGF,CEA,CYFRA21-1both descend obviously,compared with those before treatment. Comparedwith the control group,the serum VEGF,CEA expression levels of the observation groupare lower,their ranges decrease more,and they have statistically significant differences.Atthe same time,the CYFRA21-1expression level of observation group is more low too,butthe comparison of two groups is no statistical difference.(4)The correlation analysisbetween serum CEA,CYFRA21-1level and VEGF of two groups:The result is obviouslypositive correlation(r=0.399,0.275,P<0.01).Conclusion
     Six Spirits Pill plays the role of anti-angiogenesis through inhibition ofRas→Raf→MEK→MAPK signal transduction pathway to reduce lung cancer A549cellexpression of VEGF protein,to inhibit lung cancer A549cell growth and promoteapoptosis,to reduce the serum VEGF levels of lung cancer patients,at the same time,theeffect of Six Spirits Pill combination chemotherapy is better,the two have synergisticeffect.Clinical joint detection of lung cancer patients’s serum VEGF,CEA,CYFRA21-1changes plays the role in the observing efficacy and monitoring the patient condition.
引文
[1]李静.六神丸抗肿瘤的临床及实验研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2009:9-15.
    [2]黄利敏.六神丸抗肺癌转移及其作用靶点的实验及临床研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2009:9-10.
    [3]司徒镇强,吴军正.细胞培养[M].西安:世界图书出版公司,2004,第2版:250-252.
    [4]黄礼年.血管内皮生长因子在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及与血管生成的相关性研究
    [D].济南:山东大学,2010:50-51.
    [5]贝政平主编.内科疾病诊断标准[M].北京:科学出版社,2001:490-491.
    [6] Carmeliet P,Jain PK.Angiogenesis in cancer and other disease.Nature,2006,407(6801):249-257.
    [7]鄂征.癌变机理研究[M].北京:北京出版社,1993,第2版:222-223.
    [8]增益新,吕有勇,朱明华,等.肿瘤学[D].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004,第2版:254-256.
    [9] Munto NP,Knowles MA.Fibroblast growth factors and their receptors intransitional cell carcinomal[J].J Urol,2003,169(2):679-682.
    [10] Guo P,Hu B,Gu W,et a1.Platelet-derived growth factor-B enhances gliomaangiogenesis by stimulating vascular endothelial growth factorexpression in tumor endothelia and by promoting pericyterecruitment[J].Am J Pathol,1997,10(4):341-347.
    [11] Tonini T,Rossi F,Claudio PP.Molecular basis of angiogenesis andcancer[J].Oncoge ne,2003,22(42):6549-6556.
    [12]池闯,孙成超,万丽,等. VEGF和PTEN在非小细胞肺癌中的表达[J].温州医学院学报,2010,40(40):381-385.
    [13]杜志明,吴志诚,江涛,等. VEGF-C和ABCG-2在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义[J].赣南医学院学报,2010,30(2):204-205.
    [14] Stefaoup D,CoussiaAC,Arkoumani E,et a1.Expression of vascularendothelial growth factor and the adhesion molecule E cadherin innon-small cell lung cancer[J].Antieaneer Res,2003,23:4715-4720.
    [15] Ando S,Kiman H,1wai N,et a1.Positive reaction for both Cyfra21-1andCA125indicate worst prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer[J].Antieaneer Res,2003,23(3):2869.
    [16] Li Q,Dong X,Gu W,et al.Clinical significance of co-expression of VEGF2Cand VEGFR23in non-small cell lung cancer[J].Chin Med,2003,116:727-730.
    [17]胡雅兵.EGFR、VEGF在非小细胞肺癌中表达意义及微血管密度之间的关系[J].四川医学,2011,32(7):1007-1012.
    [18]王玲,李侠,李玉,等.Survivin、VEGF的表达及微血管密度与非小细胞肺癌临床病理特征的关系[J].癌症,2005,24(7):823-826.
    [19]张袢捷,李现东,陈娜,等.VEGF在肺癌患者血清和病变组织中的表达及其与疾病预后的关系[J].第四军医大学学报,2008,29(11):1037-1042.
    [20] Volm M,Koomagi R,Mattern J.Prognostic value of vascular endothelialgrowth factor and its receptor Flt-1in squamaous cell lung cancer[J].IntJ Cancer,1997,74(1):64-68.
    [21]林志国.VEGF、COX-2和NF-κB在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其意义[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2010,31(11):1695-1697.
    [22]宋懿懿,顾爱琴,韩宝惠,等.VEGF及EGFR在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及临床意义[J].中国癌症杂志,2010,20(7):492-496.
    [23] Poon RT,Fan ST,Wong J.Clinical implications if circulating angiogenicfactors in cancer patients[J].Clin Oncol,2001,19(4):1207.
    [24] Maniwa Y,Okada M,Ishii N,et a1.Vascular endothelial growth factorincreased by pulmonary surgery accelerates the growth of in metastaticlung cancer[J].Chest,1998,114(6):1668-1675.
    [25] Maniwa Y,Okada M,Ishii N,et a1.Vascular endothelial growth factorincreased by pulmonary surgery accelerates the growth of in metastaticlung cancer[J].Chest,1998,114(6):1668-1675.
    [26]刘颖,周清华,陆艳蓉,等.非小细胞肺癌患者手术前后血清内皮抑素和VEGF水平变化及相关性研究[J].肿瘤防治杂志,2005,12(lO):1441-1444.
    [27]段林灿,陈安宁,李高峰,等.手术前后血清血管内皮生长因子水平与非小细胞肺癌的关系[J].实用癌症杂志,2006,21(5):473-475.
    [28]许坤,王亚平.肺癌患者化疗前后血清CEA、VEGF和TSGF检测的临床意义[J].放射免疫学杂志,2010,23(2):159-160.
    [29] Laack E, Scheffler A, Burkholder I, et a1.Pretreatment Vascularendothelial growth factor(VEGF)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)serum levels in patients with metastatic non-small cell lungcancer(NSCLC)[J].Lung Cancer,2005,50(1):51.
    [30]贾伟丽,李雅倩,张忠新,等.小细胞肺癌化疗前后血清VEGF的变化及临床意义[J].现代肿瘤医学,2010,18(8):1563.1565.
    [31]郭丽杰,江其生,李伟,等.60Co-γ照射对肺癌A549细胞VEGF表达的影响[J].现代肿瘤学,2009,17(9):1618-1620.
    [32] Ando S,Nojima K,Ishihara H,et al.Induction by carbon-ion irradiationof the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in lung carcinomacells[J].Radiat Biol,2010,76(8);1121-1127.
    [33]王慧敏,戈伟,曹德东,等.重组人血管内皮抑素联合放疗对Lewis肺癌小鼠肿瘤生长及VEGF表达的影响[J].微循环学杂志,2010,2(4):19-21.
    [34]马虎,柏玉举,李宁,等.联合检测血清VEGF、CAl25和CEA对41例中肺癌患者三维适形放疗疗效评估价值[J].重庆医学,2010,39(4):430-433.
    [35]增益新,吕有勇,朱明华,等.肿瘤学[D].北京:人民卫生出版社,2004,第2版:79-80.
    [36] Margarit SM,Sonderm ann H,Hall BE,et al.Structural evidence for feedbackactivation by Ras GTP of the Ras specific nucleotide exchange factorSOS[J].Cell2003,112(5):685-695.
    [37]李晓惠,张贺龙,张菊.外周血中EGFR、K-Ras基因突变与吉非替尼、厄罗替尼临床疗效分析[J].现代肿瘤医学,2010,18(11):191-193.
    [38]付鲜花,黄建瑾.实体肿瘤中Ras基因突变及其临床意义[J].实用肿瘤杂志,2010,25(1):89-93.
    [39]付鲜花,黄建瑾.非小细胞肺癌中K-RAS基因突变最新临床意义[J].基础医学与临床,2010,30(2):212-214.
    [40] LeTourmeau C, Vidai L, Siu LL.Progress and challenges in theidentification of biomarkers for EGFR and VEGFR targeting anticanceragents[J].Drug Resist Updat,2008,11(3):99-109.
    [41]苑林宏,吴坤.黄酮类物质对肿瘤细胞信号转导途径的调节作用[J].国外医学卫生学分册,2005,32(6):333-339.
    [42]唐炳华,王继峰.医学分子生物学[M].北京:中国中医药出版社,2007,第1版:146-149.
    [43] Yamamoto T,Ebisuya M,Ashida F,et a1.Continuous ERK activationdownregulates antiproliferative genes throughout G1phase to allowcell-cycle progression[J].Curr Biol,2006,16(12):1171-1182.
    [44] Ostrakhovitch EA, Cherian MG.Inhibition of extracellular signalregulated kinase(ERK)leads to apoptosis inducing factor(AIF) mediatedapoptosis in epithelial breast cancer cells:the lack of effect of ERKin p53mediated copper induced apoptosis[J].J Cell Biochem,2005,95(6):1120-1134.
    [45] Siddiqa A,Long LM,Li L,et a1.Expression of HER-2in MCF-7breast cancercells modulates anti-apoptotic proteins Survivin and Bcl-2via theextracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and phosphoinositide-3kinase(PI3K)signalling pathways [J].BMC Cancer,2008,8:129.
    [46] Upadhyay AK,Ajay AK,Sinqh S,et a1.Cell cycle regulatory protein5(Cdk5)is a novel downstream target of ERK in carboplatin induced deathof breast cancer cells[J].Curr Cancer Drug Targets,2008,8(8):741-752.
    [47] EI-Dahr SS,Dipp S,Baricos WH.Bradykinin stimulates the ERK→Elk-1→Fos/AP-1pathway in mesangial cells[J].Am J Physiol,1998,275(3Pt2):F343-352.
    [48] Lester RD,Jo M,Campana WM,et a1.Erythropoietin promotes MCF-7breastcancer cell migration by an ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent pathway and is primarily responsible for the increase inmigration observed in hypoxia[J].J Biol Chem,2005,280(47):39273-39277.
    [49]茆勇军,李海泓,李剑峰,等.蛋白酪氨酸激酶信号转导途径与抗肿瘤药物[J].药学导报,2008,43(4):323-334.
    [50]梁璇,丁新民,霍艳英,等.ERK1/2-Sp1信号通路对肺癌细胞VEGF的调控作用[J].论著,2007,19(4):280-284.
    [51] Milkiewicz M,Mohammadzadeh F,Ispanovic E,et al.Static strain stimulatesexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-2and VEGF in microvascularendothelium via JNK and ERK dependent pathways[J].J Cell Biochena,2007,100(3):750-761.
    [52]谷艳娇,包翠芬,魏佳,等.ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2在肺癌组织中的表达及意义[J].中国组织化学与细胞化学杂志,2009,18(3):328-332.
    [53]陈国华,于雁,张秋菊.ERK1/2和VEGF在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及相关性研究[J].现代肿瘤医学,2007,15(11):1577-1578.
    [54]李印,周清华,孙芝琳,等.靶向抑制ERK1/2信号传导通路对人高转移大细胞肺癌细胞株L9981恶性表型的影响[J].中国肺癌杂志,2005,8(6):504-509.
    [56] Konishi T,Huang CL,Adachi,et a1.The K-ras gene regulates vascularendothelial growth factor gene expression in non-small cell lungcancers[J].Int J Clin Oncol,2000,16(3):501.
    [57] Meadows.Vascular endothelial growth factor induction of the angiogenicphenotype requires ras activation[J].J Biol Chem,2001,276(52):49289-49293.
    [58] Bancroft CC,Chen Z,Dong G,et a1.Coexpression of proangiogenic factorsIL-8and VEGF by human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma involvescoactivation by MEK-MAPK and IKK-NF-kappaB signal pathways[J].ClinCancer Res,2001,7(2):435-442.
    [59] Jung YD,Nakano K,Liu W,et a1.Extracellular signal-regulated kinaseactivation is required for up-regulation of vascular endothelial growthfactor by erum starvation in human colon carcinoma cells.Cancer Res,1999,59(19):4804.
    [60]《中药大辞典》,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1997,1:415.
    [61]《中药大辞典》,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1997,1:2741.
    [62]《中药大辞典》,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1997,1:951.
    [63]《中药大辞典》,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1997,1:2716.
    [64]《中药大辞典》,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1997,1:1494.
    [65]《中药大辞典》,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1997,1:2338.
    [66]陆保磊,王应新.六神丸治疗上消化道晚期肿瘤20例[J].吉林中医药,1989;(2):28.
    [67]胡志敏,胡文清等.六神丸为主治疗晚期食管癌一得[J].辽宁中医杂志,1999;2(12):555.
    [68]苏延峰,马景德,胡国友.六神丸与六君子汤对荷瘤鼠的抑瘤效果及鼠存活时间的影响[J].实用医药杂志,2004;21(5):442.
    [69]丁诗语.六神丸治疗恶性肿瘤的临床和实验研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2002:2-34.
    [70]李修荣,王诗明,李贵海.六神丸超微细的体外细胞毒作用实验的观察[J].中华实用中西医杂志,2003;3(16):575.
    [71]郭刚.六神丸治疗恶性肿瘤的临床和实验研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2003:2-30.
    [72]李炜.六神丸抗肿瘤血管生成的实验研究你[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2005:2-47.
    [73]孙莉.六神丸抗肿瘤机理的实验研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2006:2-57.
    [74]李静.六神丸抗肿瘤的临床及实验研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2009:2-27.
    [75]黄利敏.六神丸抗肺癌转移及其作用靶点的实验及临床研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2009:2-30.
    [76]刘海燕.六神丸对RAS影响肿瘤血管生成的实验研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2009:2-21.
    [77]王秀娟.六神丸联合化疗治疗中晚期胃癌的临床与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡的实验研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2011:2-28.
    [78]郝桂莹.六神丸抗恶性肿瘤术后转移的临床研究及对整合素β1、上皮钙粘素的实验研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2011:2-29.
    [79]侯倩倩.六神丸通过Wnt信号转导通路抗肿瘤的临床与实验研究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2011:2-17.
    [80]天津市中医院血液组.六神丸治疗白血病10例疗效观察[J].天津医药,1976;(3):135.
    [81]索明珍,杨雪莲.六神丸加蜂蜜外敷治疗化疗药物渗漏体会[J].中国中医急症,2006,15(2):223-224.
    [82]夏广惠.六神丸湿敷治疗化疗药物性静脉炎26例临床观察[J].齐鲁护理杂志,2008,14(18):27.
    [83]陆淑华.六神丸在治疗化疗药物浅静脉外渗中的临床应用[J].实用医技杂志,2006,13(14):2499.
    [84]刘英,王风琴.六神丸湿敷液治疗化疗性静脉炎18例效果观察[J].齐鲁护理杂志,2011,17(7):104-105.
    [85]王莉.六神丸糊剂治疗白血病化疗致口腔溃疡疗效观察[J].护理学杂志,2009,24(7)48-49.
    [86]周霭祥.青黄散治疗慢粒25例近期疗效观察[J].中西医结合杂志,1981,(1):16.
    [87] Huang Me,Ye Yc,Chen SR,et al.Use of all trans retioic acid in thetreatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia.[J].Blood,1998;72:567.
    [88]王振义.开展砷剂治疗白血病的临床和机制的研究[J].中华血液学杂志,1996;17(2):57.
    [89]郁仁存.中医肿瘤学[D].第1版.北京:科学技术出版社.1983:144.
    [90] Hashimoto S,Jing Y,Kawazoe N,et al.Cell Growth Differ,1997;8(8):875-883.
    [91] Masuda Y,Kawazoe N,Nakajo S,et al.Bufalin induces apoptosis andinfluences the expression of apoptosis-related genes in hunman leukemiacells[J].Leuk Res,1995,19(8):549-556.
    [92]李文良.六神丸的临床应用及实验研究进展[J].中成药,16(1):45.
    [93]苗万,刘亚平.六神丸的药理研究[J].中国药物与临床,2011,11(8):935-936.
    [94]汤钊猷主编.现代肿瘤学[D].上海:复旦大学出版社,2006,第2版:346-351.
    [95] Poon RT,Fan ST,Wong J.Clinical implications if circulating angiogenicfactors in cancer patients[J].Clin Oncol,2001,19(4):1207.
    [1]吴培英.VEGF与卵巢癌的研究进展[J].医学信息,2010,12:3553-3554.
    [2] Tischer E.Gospodarowicz D,Mitchell R,et a1.Vascular endothelial growthfactor: a new member of the platelet-derived growth factor genefamily[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1989,165(3):1198-1206.
    [3] Neufeld G,Cohen T,Gengrinovitch S,et a1.Vascular endothelial growthfactor(VEGF)and its receptors[J].FASEB,1999,13:9-22.
    [4] Junqueira de,Azevedo IL,Farsky SH,et a1.Molecular cloning andexpression of a functional snake wenom vascular endothlium growthfactor(VEGF) from the Bothrops insularis pit viper.Anew member of theVEGF family of proteins[J].J Biol Chem,2001,276(43):398-402.
    [5] Nagaoka S,Yoshida T,Akiyoshi J,et a1.The ratio of serum placenta growthfactor to soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1predictsthe prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma[J].Onco1RE,2010,23(6):164-174.
    [6] Karathanasis E,Chan L,Karumbaiah L,et a1.Tunor vascular permcabilityto a nanoprobe correlates to tumor-specitic expression levels ofangiogenic markers[J].Plos One,2009,4(6):43-58.
    [7]李良,董勤,王茂春. VEGF与肿瘤关系的研究进展[J].内蒙古医学杂志,2010,42(9):1072-1075.
    [8] Yancopoulos GD,Duvis S,Gale NW,et a1.Vascular-specific growth factorsand blood vessel formation[J].Nature,2000,407(6801):242-248.
    [9]陈孝.血管内皮生长因子对肿瘤的影响及临床应用[J].四川医学,2005,26(9):1032-1034.
    [10]池闯,孙成超,万丽,等.VEGF和PTEN在非小细胞肺癌中的表达[J].温州医学院学报,2010,40(40):381-385.
    [11]杜志明,吴志诚,江涛,等.VEGF-C和ABCG-2在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及意义.赣南医学院学报,2010,30(2):204-205.
    [12] Stefaoup D,Coussia AC,Arkoumani E,et a1.Expression of vascularendothelial growth factor and the adhesion molecule E cadherin innon-small cell lung cancer[J].Antieaneer Res,2003,23(6C):4715-4720.
    [13] Ando S,Kiman H,1wai N,et a1.Positive reaction for both Cyfra21-1andCA125indicate worst prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer[J].Antieaneer Res,2003,23(3):2869.
    [14] Li Q,Dong X,Gu W,et al.Clinical significance of co-expression of VEGF-Cand VEGFR-3in non-small cell lung cancer[J].Chin Med,2003,116(5):727-730.
    [15]胡雅兵.EGFR、VEGF在非小细胞肺癌中表达意义及微血管密度之间的关系[J].四川医学,2011,32(7):1007-1012.
    [16]王玲,李侠,李玉,等.Survivin、VEGF的表达及微血管密度与非小细胞肺癌临床病理特征的关系[J].癌症,2005,24(7):823-826.
    [17]张袢捷,李现东,陈娜,等.VEGF在肺癌患者血清和病变组织中的表达及其与疾病预后的关系[J].第四军医大学学报,2008,29(11):1037-1042.
    [18] Volm M,Koomagi R,Mattern J.Prognostic value of vascular endothelialgrowth factor and its receptor Flt-1in squamaous cell lung cancer[J].IntJ Cancer,1997,74(1):64-68.
    [19]林志国.VEGF、COX-2和NF-κB在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其意义[J].齐齐哈尔医学院学报,2010,31(11):1695-1697.
    [20]宋懿懿,顾爱琴,韩宝惠,等.VEGF及EGFR在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及临床意义[J].中国癌症杂志,2010,20(7):492-496.
    [21]李若葆,黄琰,王金平,等.长期吸烟对肺癌癌旁及周围肺组织结构和P53、VEGF蛋白表达的影响[J].医学研究杂志,2009,38(3):24-29.
    [22]刘涛,李若葆.长期吸烟对肺癌组织TGF-β1、VEGF-C表达的影响及临床意义[J].实用医药杂志,2010,27(11)961-964.
    [23]曾洪生,郭其森,管燕,等.非小细胞肺癌患者外周血淋巴结和肺癌组织中血管内皮生长因子C表达的相关性研究[J].中华肿瘤杂志,2011,33(7):527-529.
    [24] Poon RT,Fan ST,Wong J. Clinical implications if circulating angiogenicfactors in cancer patients[J].Clin Oncol,2001,19(4):1207.
    [25]周欢琴,翁秀姝,叶雄伟,等.肺癌患者血清VEGF-C、IL-6和TNF-α水平变化的临床观察[J].全科医学临床与教育,2010,8(6):665-666.
    [26]林春艳,辛丽亚,曹海燕.肺癌患者血清VEGF-C的临床意义[J].哈尔滨医科大学学报,2007,41(5):468-470.
    [27]黄树红,许云霞,滕琳.血清VEGF、CYFRA21-1及CEA在非小细胞肺癌患者中的表达[J].潍坊医学院学报,2008,30(5):25-427.
    [28] Maniwa Y,Okada M,Ishii N,et a1.Vascular endothelial growth factorincreased by pulmonary surgery accelerates the growth of in metastaticlung cancer[J].Chest,1998,114(6):1668-1675.
    [29]刘颖,周清华,陆艳蓉,等.非小细胞肺癌患者手术前后血清内皮抑素和VEGF水平变化及相关性研究[J].肿瘤防治杂志,2005,12(lO):1441-1444.
    [30]段林灿,陈安宁,李高峰,等.手术前后血清血管内皮生长因子水平与非小细胞肺癌的关系[J].实用癌症杂志,2006,21(5):473-475.
    [31] Semenza GL.Targeting HIF-1for cancer therapy[J].Nat Rev Cancer,2003,3(1O):721-732.
    [32]胡瑛,李宝兰,宋长兴.非小细胞肺癌手术前后血清VEGF动态变化的研究进展[J].中国肺癌杂志,2008,11(2):287-289.
    [33] Verhoef C,de Wilt JH,Verheul HM.Angiogenesis inhibitors:perspectivesfor medical,surgical and radiation oncology[J].Curr Pharm Des,2006,12(21):2623-2630.
    [34]许坤,王亚平.肺癌患者化疗前后血清CEA、VEGF和TSGF检测的临床意义[J].放射免疫学杂志,2010,23(2):159-160.
    [35] Laack E, Scheffler A, Burkholder I, et a1.Pretreatment Vascularendothelial growth factor(VEGF)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)serum levels in patients with metastatic non-small celllung cancer(NSCLC)[J].Lung Cancer,2005,50(1):51.
    [36]贾伟丽,李雅倩,张忠新,等.小细胞肺癌化疗前后血清VEGF的变化及临床意义[J].现代肿瘤医学,2010,18(8):1563.1565.
    [37]郭丽杰,江其生,李伟,等.60Co-γ照射对肺癌A549细胞VEGF表达的影响[J].现代肿瘤学,2009,17(9):1618-1620.
    [38] Ando S,Nojima K,Ishihara H,et al.Induction by carbon-ion irradiationof the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in lung carcinomacells[J].Radiat Biol,2010,76(8):1121-1127.
    [39]王慧敏,戈伟,曹德东,等.重组人血管内皮抑素联合放疗对Lewis肺癌小鼠肿瘤生长及VEGF表达的影响[J].微循环学杂志,2010,2(4):19-21.
    [40]马虎,柏玉举,李宁,等.联合检测血清VEGF、CAl25和CEA对41例中肺癌患者三维适形放疗疗效评估价值[J].重庆医学,2010,39(4):430-433.
    [41]艾毅勤,刘光贤,李荣清,等.鼻咽癌患者放疗前后测定血清VEGF的临床意义[J].云南医药,2010,31(1):67-69.
    [42]同期放化疗对食管癌患者血清血管内皮生长因子表达水平的影响-43临床资料分析[J].癌症,2006,25(11):1428-1432.
    [43]陈秋燕,张昌卿,莫浩元,等.鼻咽癌患者放疗过程中血清VEGF水平的动态变化[J].中华肿瘤防治杂志,2009,16(18):1424-1426.
    [44]颜浩,章培,陈文彬,等.肺癌患者血清VEGF含量检测的临床意义[J].实用癌症杂志,2004,19(2):180-183.
    [45]董桂芝,陈正堂,王卫东,等.肺癌患者血清血清血管内皮生长因子的检测及其临床意义[J].重庆医学,2004,33(7):980-981.
    [46]安永恒,王少华,杜冠华,等.肿瘤合理用药,北京:人民卫生出版社,2009年,第2版:232-244.
    [47] Sandler A,Gray R,Perry MC,et al.Paclitaxel-carbo-platin alone or withbevacizumab for non-small cell lung cancer[J].N Engl J Med,2006,355(3):2542-2550.
    [48] Reck M,Pawel JV,Zatloukal P,et al.Phase III trial of cisplatin plusgemcitabine with either placebo or bevacizumab as first-line therapy fornonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer:AVAiL[J].J Clin Oncol,2009,27(14):1227-1234.
    [49] Reck M, von Pawcl J, Zatlonkal P, et al.Overall survival withcisplatin-gemcitabine and bevacizumab or placebo as first-line therapyfor nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer:results from a randomisedphase III trial (AVAIL)[J].Ann Oncol,2010,21(9):1804-1809.
    [50] Herbst RS,Johnoson DH,Mininberg E,et al.Phase I/II trial evaluatingthe anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibodybevacizumab in combination with the HER-1/epidermal growth factorreceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib for patients with recurrentnon-small-cell lung cancer[J].J Clin Oncol,2005,23(11):2544-2555.
    [51] Fehenbacher L,O’Neill V,Belani C,et al.A phase II,multicenter,mrandomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety ofbevacizuma2006b in combination with either chemotherapy (docetaxel orpemetrexed) or erlotinib hydrochloride compared with chemotherapy alonefor treatment of recurrent or refractory non-small cell lungcancer[J].Clin Oncol,2006,24(Suppl18):379s.
    [52] Yamamoto H,Toyooka S,Mitsudomi T.Impact of EGFR mutation analysis innon-small cell lung Cancer[J].Lung Cancer,2009,63(3):315-321.
    [53]潘峰,田静,张旭超,等.舒尼替尼联合多西他赛序贯给药作用于EGFR-TKIs抵抗的非小细胞肺癌A549细胞株的效应[J].肿瘤,2011,31(9):806-812.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700