中试A/O-MBR处理市政污水的试验研究
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摘要
本试验采用具有中试规模的一体式缺氧/好氧-膜生物反应器(A/O-MBR)处理市政污水,采用间歇式出水方式,反应器正常运行期间(8月24日~12月23日),出水稳定在40L/h,采用过膜压差和比膜通量来表征膜污染情况。
研究内容主要包括三方面:一是研究了MBR工艺对污水中有机物、氨氮、总氮、总磷、浊度等指标的去除情况;二是研究了污泥浓度、污泥粘度、出水抽停比、微生物、曝气强度、污泥颗粒粒径、温度等因素对膜污染的影响;三是研究了水力清洗和化学清洗对膜组件比膜通量的恢复情况。
在反应器正常运行期间,COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷、TOC的平均去除率分别是89.29%、98.16%、51.49%、66.79%、71.29%,出水平均浊度为0.54NTU。反应器对有机物和氨氮的去除效果很好,对总氮和总磷的去除效果波动较大。
污泥浓度控制在3000~5000mg/L时,对于本试验进水能达到很好的处理效果且膜组件运行稳定,比膜通量可表示为:J_b=k_1*J* exp(-k_2MLSS),式中k_1、k_2为与工况运行参数相关的系数,在膜通量、各工艺参数不变的情况下可视为常数。污泥浓度的增加会导致污泥粘度和胞外聚合物浓度的增加。考虑既有效控制膜阻力的增长又保证满足出水量的要求,试验确定最佳出水抽停时间比为:10min:3min。胞外聚合物是造成膜污染的主要因素,蛋白质和多糖是组成胞外聚合物的主要物质,二者总含量占EPS的52.67%。丝状菌等微生物是污泥絮凝、聚集的骨架,但这些微生物可以在膜表面大量吸附并且插入膜孔造成膜孔径减小或形成堵塞。曝气强度过大或过小都会导致膜污染,曝气强度的增加会导致污泥颗粒粒径的减小,宜将曝气强度控制在临界曝气强度附近,本试验最佳曝气强度为1.3m~3/h。低温较容易导致膜污染,本试验中温运行阶段污泥粘度的平均值为6.67Pa.s,低温运行阶段的污泥粘度粘度平均值为9.56Pa.s。
水力清洗后膜组件比膜通量相比于清洗之前恢复93.75%,化学清洗后恢复程度为100%。
This experiment was carried out to treat municipal wastewater by pilot-Scale anoxic/oxic integrated membrane bioreactor with effluent intermittent discharging modes. The TMP and membrane specific flux were used to charaterize the situation of membrane fouling during the normal operation time of the reactor (from August 24 to December 23), whose effluent reached a stable level of 40L/h.
In this thesis, three aspects were included in the main research contents as follows : The removal of organics, NH_4~+-N ,TN, TP,turbidity and other indexes were analyzed in the first aspect; Influence of sludge concentration,sludge viscidity, run/off time of effluent, microorganism, aeration intensity, particle size of sludge, temperature and other factors on the membrane fouling was studied in the second aspect; The recovery of membrane specific flux of membrane module after the thydraulic cleaning and the chemical cleaning was studied in the third aspect.
The average removal rate of COD, NH NH_4~+-N , TN, TP and TOC reached 89.29%, 98.16%, 51.49%, 66.79% and 71.29% respectively during the normal operation time, and the effluent turbidity was up to 0.54NTU on average. Compared with larger fluctuation of the removal of TN and TP, The removal of organics and NH_4~+-N was rather better.
The quality of effluent could be good and membrane module could run well when the sludge concentration ranged from 3000 to 5000mg/L. The membrane specific flux could be expressed: J_b=k_1*J* exp(-k_2MLSS), k_1 and k_2 were coefficients correlated with process operating parameters, which could be recognized as constants when membrane specific flux and and other process operating parameters were constant. The increase of sludge concentration could cause higher sludge viscidity and more extracellular polymeric substances(EPS). The best run/off time of effluent was determined as 10min:3min when the membrane resistance was well controlled and the water yield was satisfied. The main influential factor of membrane fouling was EPS which mainly included protein and polysaccharide up to 52.67% totally in this experiment. Filamentous bacteria and other microbe, which could result in membrane pore size smaller and even blockage when the microbe was adsorbed on the membrane surface or inserted into membrane pores, was frame as flocculating and aggregating sludge. The aeration intensity could cause membrane fouling no matter strong or weak, and the stronger aeration intensity could cause the size of sludge particle smaller. The aeration intensity should be controlled at the critical level. The best aeration intensity was 1.3m~3/h in this experiment. Low temperature could cause membrane fouling more easily. The sludge viscidity on average was 6.67Pa.s in low temperature time while 9.56Pa.s in medium temperature time.
The membrane specific flux returned to 93.75% after the thydraulic cleaning and 100% after the chemical cleaning.
研究内容主要包括三方面:一是研究了MBR工艺对污水中有机物、氨氮、总氮、总磷、浊度等指标的去除情况;二是研究了污泥浓度、污泥粘度、出水抽停比、微生物、曝气强度、污泥颗粒粒径、温度等因素对膜污染的影响;三是研究了水力清洗和化学清洗对膜组件比膜通量的恢复情况。
在反应器正常运行期间,COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷、TOC的平均去除率分别是89.29%、98.16%、51.49%、66.79%、71.29%,出水平均浊度为0.54NTU。反应器对有机物和氨氮的去除效果很好,对总氮和总磷的去除效果波动较大。
污泥浓度控制在3000~5000mg/L时,对于本试验进水能达到很好的处理效果且膜组件运行稳定,比膜通量可表示为:J_b=k_1*J* exp(-k_2MLSS),式中k_1、k_2为与工况运行参数相关的系数,在膜通量、各工艺参数不变的情况下可视为常数。污泥浓度的增加会导致污泥粘度和胞外聚合物浓度的增加。考虑既有效控制膜阻力的增长又保证满足出水量的要求,试验确定最佳出水抽停时间比为:10min:3min。胞外聚合物是造成膜污染的主要因素,蛋白质和多糖是组成胞外聚合物的主要物质,二者总含量占EPS的52.67%。丝状菌等微生物是污泥絮凝、聚集的骨架,但这些微生物可以在膜表面大量吸附并且插入膜孔造成膜孔径减小或形成堵塞。曝气强度过大或过小都会导致膜污染,曝气强度的增加会导致污泥颗粒粒径的减小,宜将曝气强度控制在临界曝气强度附近,本试验最佳曝气强度为1.3m~3/h。低温较容易导致膜污染,本试验中温运行阶段污泥粘度的平均值为6.67Pa.s,低温运行阶段的污泥粘度粘度平均值为9.56Pa.s。
水力清洗后膜组件比膜通量相比于清洗之前恢复93.75%,化学清洗后恢复程度为100%。
This experiment was carried out to treat municipal wastewater by pilot-Scale anoxic/oxic integrated membrane bioreactor with effluent intermittent discharging modes. The TMP and membrane specific flux were used to charaterize the situation of membrane fouling during the normal operation time of the reactor (from August 24 to December 23), whose effluent reached a stable level of 40L/h.
In this thesis, three aspects were included in the main research contents as follows : The removal of organics, NH_4~+-N ,TN, TP,turbidity and other indexes were analyzed in the first aspect; Influence of sludge concentration,sludge viscidity, run/off time of effluent, microorganism, aeration intensity, particle size of sludge, temperature and other factors on the membrane fouling was studied in the second aspect; The recovery of membrane specific flux of membrane module after the thydraulic cleaning and the chemical cleaning was studied in the third aspect.
The average removal rate of COD, NH NH_4~+-N , TN, TP and TOC reached 89.29%, 98.16%, 51.49%, 66.79% and 71.29% respectively during the normal operation time, and the effluent turbidity was up to 0.54NTU on average. Compared with larger fluctuation of the removal of TN and TP, The removal of organics and NH_4~+-N was rather better.
The quality of effluent could be good and membrane module could run well when the sludge concentration ranged from 3000 to 5000mg/L. The membrane specific flux could be expressed: J_b=k_1*J* exp(-k_2MLSS), k_1 and k_2 were coefficients correlated with process operating parameters, which could be recognized as constants when membrane specific flux and and other process operating parameters were constant. The increase of sludge concentration could cause higher sludge viscidity and more extracellular polymeric substances(EPS). The best run/off time of effluent was determined as 10min:3min when the membrane resistance was well controlled and the water yield was satisfied. The main influential factor of membrane fouling was EPS which mainly included protein and polysaccharide up to 52.67% totally in this experiment. Filamentous bacteria and other microbe, which could result in membrane pore size smaller and even blockage when the microbe was adsorbed on the membrane surface or inserted into membrane pores, was frame as flocculating and aggregating sludge. The aeration intensity could cause membrane fouling no matter strong or weak, and the stronger aeration intensity could cause the size of sludge particle smaller. The aeration intensity should be controlled at the critical level. The best aeration intensity was 1.3m~3/h in this experiment. Low temperature could cause membrane fouling more easily. The sludge viscidity on average was 6.67Pa.s in low temperature time while 9.56Pa.s in medium temperature time.
The membrane specific flux returned to 93.75% after the thydraulic cleaning and 100% after the chemical cleaning.
引文
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[3]姚诚.水污染现状及其治理措施[J].污染防治技术,2009,22(2):87-90.
[4]张志超,黄霞,肖康,等.脱氮除磷膜-生物反应器的除磷效果及特性[J].清华大学学报, 2008, 48 (9) :1472-1474.
[5]魏源送,郑祥,刘俊新.国外膜生物反应器在污水处理中的研究进展[J].工业水处理, 2003,23 (1) :1-7.
[6]赵方波,于水利,荆国林,等.间歇循环活性污泥—MBR工艺的脱氮除磷[J].中国给水排水, 2006, 22 (11) :22-25.
[7]陆谢娟,李双菊,刘礼祥,等.一体化膜生物反应器的强化脱氮除磷试验研究[J].中国给水排水,2008, 24 (13) :27-30.
[8] Socjima K, Oki K, Terada A, et al. Effects of acetate and nitrite addition on fraction of denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms and nutrient removal efficiency in anaerobic / aerobic / anoxic process[J]. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2006, 29 (5-6) :305-313.
[9] Tsuneda S, Ohno T, Soejima K, et al. Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal using denitrifying phosphate-accumulating organisms in a sequencing batch reactor[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2006, 27 (3) :191-196.
[10]沈耀良,王宝贞.废水生物处理新技术理论与应用[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006.
[11] Fallah N, Bonakdarpour B, Nasemejad B, et al. Long-term operation of submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) for the treatment of synthetic wastewater containing styrene as volatile organic compound (VOC): Effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT)[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 178 (1-3) : 718-724.
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