AVO反演在阿姆河右岸碳酸盐岩中应用
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摘要
随着计算机技术的快速发展,地震勘探技术逐渐成为世界范围内寻找油气资源的主要手段。利用地震波反射振幅强弱与炮检距大小的对应关系检测油气平面分布规律是最近二十几年发展起来的一项新的地震勘探技术。AVO反演就是利用这种振幅随炮检距的变化规律估算储层内部流体的性质并进行油气预测。由于AVO反演是利用叠前CRP道集,提取隐藏在地震信息中的各种岩性参数,更加真实客观地反应了地下储层的各种特性。目前,AVO反演已拥有一套比较成熟的采集、处理、解释及分析模式,对储层及其含油气性检测逐渐从定性研究过渡到定量描述。在近几届SEG年会上,AVO反演技术都作为一个技术专题来讨论,展示了该技术非常广阔的应用前景。
土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸三维区块的有利碳酸盐岩储层主要为点礁发育区。生物点礁在地震剖面上的反射特征主要为穹庐披覆状,内部反射特征相对杂乱,连续性相对较差。由于有利碳酸岩内部的流体分布特征复杂,为了进一步落实研究区碳酸盐岩流体的分布特征、落实油气的分布规律,为下步勘探部署提供井位部署意见。本文针对研究区存在的问题通过AVO反演的技术手段对研究区的AVO属性平面分布特征进行了研究,具体针对以下几个方面进行了研究:
1.查找大量国内外文献,进一步学习掌握AVO反演的原理及发展过程,加深了AVO反演理论方面的认识,并对AVO参数的地质含义及AVO异常分类等基础知识进行了归纳总结。
2.对研究区块的地震、地质、测井资料进行了分析对比,搜集该区块的地质特征及沉积背景资料,分析该区碳酸岩、膏岩、盐岩及生物礁等岩性、电性、物性特征,为下一步的实际应用打下理论基础。
3.联合叠加速度、CRP道集,对研究区的CRP道集进行了部分叠加的参数试验,并在试验的基础上对研究区的道集进行了部分叠加,为后续的弹性波阻抗联合反演提供了合适的角道集资料。
4.通过研究区的CRP道集计算了研究区的各种地震属性剖面,并通过纵波波阻抗反射率与横波波阻抗反射率的交汇、泊松比与拉梅系数交汇分析对研究区的流体异常区进行了分析预测。
With the rapid development of computer technology, seismic exploration technology has become the world's primary means to find oil and gas resources. Using the relationship of seismic reflection amplitude with offset by detecting hydrocarbon planar distribution is a new seismic exploration techniques developed in recent 20 years. AVO inversion is to use this amplitude versus offset variation of the nature of the fluid within the reservoir estimates and forecast oil and gas. As the AVO inversion is to use pre-stack gathers CRP, extract hidden information in a variety of seismic lithologic parameters, more realistic and objective response to the various characteristics of the underground reservoir. Currently, AVO inversion already have a mature acquisition, processing, interpretation, and analysis mode, the detection of hydrocarbon reservoir and its gradual transition from qualitative research to quantitative description. In recent year, the avo seg the annual meeting in technology as a technology topics for discussion, demonstrate that the technology is very broad application prospects.
The right bank of the Amu Darya in Turkmenistan favorable three-dimensional zone of carbonate reservoir development area is mainly reef point. Biological point of reef in the seismic reflection profile characteristics are as Qionglu drape shape, relatively messy internal reflection character, continuity is relatively poor. Carbonate rocks due to favorable distribution of fluid within the complex, in order to further implement the study area, carbonate fluid distribution, the implementation of the distribution of oil and gas, exploration and deployment for the next step well deployment views. In this paper, problems in the study area by AVO inversion techniques in the study area in the AVO plane distribution of property were studied, specifically the following aspects were studied:
1.Searches the massive domestic and foreign literature, and further learning and mastering the principles of AVO inversion and the development process, deepened the theoretical understanding of AVO inversion,study the geological implications of AVO parameters and AVO anomaly classification of basic knowledge were summarized.
2. The seismic, geology and logging data was analyzed and compared of the study area,collect the geological characteristics and sedimentary background material, Analysis electrical properties, physical properties of Carbonate, paste crag, salty crag and organic reef in the area, Builds the rationale for the next step practical application.
3. Joint stacking velocity, the CRP gathers in the study area, doing part of superposition parameters test of the CRP gathers,and based on the tests of the study area doing some part of the stack gathers, for the follow-up of elastic impedance inversion to provide the appropriate angle gather information.
4. Through the CRP gathers of the study area is calculated a variety of seismic attributes section, and Through longitudinal wave impedance index of reflection and transversal wave impedance index of reflection connection, poisson's ratio and Lamey coefficient connection carried out analysis and forecasting the anomalies fluid of the study area.
土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸三维区块的有利碳酸盐岩储层主要为点礁发育区。生物点礁在地震剖面上的反射特征主要为穹庐披覆状,内部反射特征相对杂乱,连续性相对较差。由于有利碳酸岩内部的流体分布特征复杂,为了进一步落实研究区碳酸盐岩流体的分布特征、落实油气的分布规律,为下步勘探部署提供井位部署意见。本文针对研究区存在的问题通过AVO反演的技术手段对研究区的AVO属性平面分布特征进行了研究,具体针对以下几个方面进行了研究:
1.查找大量国内外文献,进一步学习掌握AVO反演的原理及发展过程,加深了AVO反演理论方面的认识,并对AVO参数的地质含义及AVO异常分类等基础知识进行了归纳总结。
2.对研究区块的地震、地质、测井资料进行了分析对比,搜集该区块的地质特征及沉积背景资料,分析该区碳酸岩、膏岩、盐岩及生物礁等岩性、电性、物性特征,为下一步的实际应用打下理论基础。
3.联合叠加速度、CRP道集,对研究区的CRP道集进行了部分叠加的参数试验,并在试验的基础上对研究区的道集进行了部分叠加,为后续的弹性波阻抗联合反演提供了合适的角道集资料。
4.通过研究区的CRP道集计算了研究区的各种地震属性剖面,并通过纵波波阻抗反射率与横波波阻抗反射率的交汇、泊松比与拉梅系数交汇分析对研究区的流体异常区进行了分析预测。
With the rapid development of computer technology, seismic exploration technology has become the world's primary means to find oil and gas resources. Using the relationship of seismic reflection amplitude with offset by detecting hydrocarbon planar distribution is a new seismic exploration techniques developed in recent 20 years. AVO inversion is to use this amplitude versus offset variation of the nature of the fluid within the reservoir estimates and forecast oil and gas. As the AVO inversion is to use pre-stack gathers CRP, extract hidden information in a variety of seismic lithologic parameters, more realistic and objective response to the various characteristics of the underground reservoir. Currently, AVO inversion already have a mature acquisition, processing, interpretation, and analysis mode, the detection of hydrocarbon reservoir and its gradual transition from qualitative research to quantitative description. In recent year, the avo seg the annual meeting in technology as a technology topics for discussion, demonstrate that the technology is very broad application prospects.
The right bank of the Amu Darya in Turkmenistan favorable three-dimensional zone of carbonate reservoir development area is mainly reef point. Biological point of reef in the seismic reflection profile characteristics are as Qionglu drape shape, relatively messy internal reflection character, continuity is relatively poor. Carbonate rocks due to favorable distribution of fluid within the complex, in order to further implement the study area, carbonate fluid distribution, the implementation of the distribution of oil and gas, exploration and deployment for the next step well deployment views. In this paper, problems in the study area by AVO inversion techniques in the study area in the AVO plane distribution of property were studied, specifically the following aspects were studied:
1.Searches the massive domestic and foreign literature, and further learning and mastering the principles of AVO inversion and the development process, deepened the theoretical understanding of AVO inversion,study the geological implications of AVO parameters and AVO anomaly classification of basic knowledge were summarized.
2. The seismic, geology and logging data was analyzed and compared of the study area,collect the geological characteristics and sedimentary background material, Analysis electrical properties, physical properties of Carbonate, paste crag, salty crag and organic reef in the area, Builds the rationale for the next step practical application.
3. Joint stacking velocity, the CRP gathers in the study area, doing part of superposition parameters test of the CRP gathers,and based on the tests of the study area doing some part of the stack gathers, for the follow-up of elastic impedance inversion to provide the appropriate angle gather information.
4. Through the CRP gathers of the study area is calculated a variety of seismic attributes section, and Through longitudinal wave impedance index of reflection and transversal wave impedance index of reflection connection, poisson's ratio and Lamey coefficient connection carried out analysis and forecasting the anomalies fluid of the study area.
引文
Aki K I, Richards P G.Quantitative seismology: theory and methods. W H Freeman and Co Cambridge, 1980: 144～154
Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,part II:Integration of migration prestack, velocity, estimation,and AVO analysis.Geophysics,1997,62,954-969
Castagna J P and Smith S W. Comparison of AVO indicators: A modeling study.Geophysics, 1994, 59(12): 1849-185
Dong W. AVO detectability against tuning and stretching artifacts. Geo-physics,1999, 64, 494-503
Downton J and Lines L. AVO before NMO. 72nd Ann Internat Mtg Soc of ExplGeophys, 2002, 233-236
Downton J and Lines L.High-resolution AVO analysis before NMO.73rd Ann Internat Mtg Soc of Expl Geophys,2003,219-222
Downton J and Mackidd D. Methods to improve AVO extractions. 2004 CSEG Convention Expanded Abstracts, 1997, 144-145
Field, Danish North Sea[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 67th EAGE Conference and Exhibition, 2005,
H030Castagna J P and Swan H W. Principles of AVO cross plotting. The Leading Edge,1997, 16(4): 337-342
Foster D J and Keys R G. Another perspective on AVO crossplotting. The Leading Edge, 1997, 14: 847-853
Gray D. P-S converted-wave AVO. 73rd Ann Internet Mtg Soc of Expl Geophys,2003, 165-168
Lortzer G J M and Berkhout A J. Linearized AVO inversion of multicomponent seismic data in Castagna J P and Backus M M Eds: Offset-dependent reflectivity theory and practice of AVO analysis. Soc Expl Geophys, 1993, 303-313
Ramos C B. Useful approximations for converted-wave AVO.Geophysics,2001, 66(6):1721~1734]
Shbhashis Mallick. P波反射系数的一种简单近似及其在AVO数据反演中的意义[J].勘探地球物理进展, 1994,(01)
曹彤,钟庆良,李元祥,刘麟,汤济广. AVO反演在石柱北地区碳酸盐岩气层研究中的应用[J].南方油气, 2005,(03)
陈建江,印兴耀,张广智.层状介质AVO叠前反演[J]石油地球物理勘探, 2006,(06)
陈强;,刘鸿福.应用P波AVO技术预测煤层气储层裂隙[J].科技情报开发与经济, 2008,(13)
陈天胜,魏修成,季玉新,贾丽华.转换波AVO反演速度比和横波反射系数[J].天然气工业, 2007,(S1)
陈习峰,张海洋.应用AVO属性识别含油砂体[J].小型油气藏, 2005,(01)
陈湛文,刘勇.基于波形的高分辨率AVO反演[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2001,(06)
程冰洁,张玉芬. AVO简化方程的物理意义及其在油气识别中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术, 2003,(01)
邓友茂,李录明.含气砂岩AVO正演模型研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,(10)
方赟,柯善珍,陈家敏,刘敬. AVO地震反演在油气预测中的应用[J].特种油气藏, 2002,(04)
冯顺彦AVO技术的研究及实际应用[J]内蒙古石油化工, 2009,(05)
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何诚,蔡友洪,李邗,杨帆. AVO属性交会图解释技术在碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2005,(06)
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Berkhout A J.Pushing the limits of seismic imaging,part II:Integration of migration prestack, velocity, estimation,and AVO analysis.Geophysics,1997,62,954-969
Castagna J P and Smith S W. Comparison of AVO indicators: A modeling study.Geophysics, 1994, 59(12): 1849-185
Dong W. AVO detectability against tuning and stretching artifacts. Geo-physics,1999, 64, 494-503
Downton J and Lines L. AVO before NMO. 72nd Ann Internat Mtg Soc of ExplGeophys, 2002, 233-236
Downton J and Lines L.High-resolution AVO analysis before NMO.73rd Ann Internat Mtg Soc of Expl Geophys,2003,219-222
Downton J and Mackidd D. Methods to improve AVO extractions. 2004 CSEG Convention Expanded Abstracts, 1997, 144-145
Field, Danish North Sea[J]. Expanded Abstracts of 67th EAGE Conference and Exhibition, 2005,
H030Castagna J P and Swan H W. Principles of AVO cross plotting. The Leading Edge,1997, 16(4): 337-342
Foster D J and Keys R G. Another perspective on AVO crossplotting. The Leading Edge, 1997, 14: 847-853
Gray D. P-S converted-wave AVO. 73rd Ann Internet Mtg Soc of Expl Geophys,2003, 165-168
Lortzer G J M and Berkhout A J. Linearized AVO inversion of multicomponent seismic data in Castagna J P and Backus M M Eds: Offset-dependent reflectivity theory and practice of AVO analysis. Soc Expl Geophys, 1993, 303-313
Ramos C B. Useful approximations for converted-wave AVO.Geophysics,2001, 66(6):1721~1734]
Shbhashis Mallick. P波反射系数的一种简单近似及其在AVO数据反演中的意义[J].勘探地球物理进展, 1994,(01)
曹彤,钟庆良,李元祥,刘麟,汤济广. AVO反演在石柱北地区碳酸盐岩气层研究中的应用[J].南方油气, 2005,(03)
陈建江,印兴耀,张广智.层状介质AVO叠前反演[J]石油地球物理勘探, 2006,(06)
陈强;,刘鸿福.应用P波AVO技术预测煤层气储层裂隙[J].科技情报开发与经济, 2008,(13)
陈天胜,魏修成,季玉新,贾丽华.转换波AVO反演速度比和横波反射系数[J].天然气工业, 2007,(S1)
陈习峰,张海洋.应用AVO属性识别含油砂体[J].小型油气藏, 2005,(01)
陈湛文,刘勇.基于波形的高分辨率AVO反演[J].大庆石油地质与开发, 2001,(06)
程冰洁,张玉芬. AVO简化方程的物理意义及其在油气识别中的应用[J].物探化探计算技术, 2003,(01)
邓友茂,李录明.含气砂岩AVO正演模型研究[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,(10)
方赟,柯善珍,陈家敏,刘敬. AVO地震反演在油气预测中的应用[J].特种油气藏, 2002,(04)
冯顺彦AVO技术的研究及实际应用[J]内蒙古石油化工, 2009,(05)
付雷,王建民,孔祥波,田晓冬.多波AVO分析在兴城地区的应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探, 2008,(01)
高建荣,胡宇芳,王延.基于AVO的属性分析[J].物探化探计算技术, 2007,(04)
郭旭升,凡睿. AVO技术在普光气田鲕滩储层预测中的应用[J].石油与天然气地质, 2007,(02)
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