基于多层B/S架构的企业信息系统中Persistence层的设计与应用
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摘要
在现代企业综合信息化过程，需要建设各级企业信息管理系统，这些系统应适应现代应用的需要。随着Internet的广泛应用，企业网络将成为Internet的一部分，客户机／服务器计算系统的时代即将结束。客户机／服务器计算系统的时代把软件安装到每一台机器，但这是不现实的，因此多层B／S结构将会取而代之。这些信息系统的实现往往都离不开关系数据库支撑，在多层B／S结构系统中，Persistence层解决了数据访问和关系数据库设计的问题，对上层提供统一的数据访问接口，所以Persistence层的实现往往是关键所在。传统的基于ODBC和JDBC直接访问方法在设计上不通用，开发效率低，在维护上代价高，缺乏高可用的统一方法。本文着重分析了对象映射关系数据库模型的思想方法及关系数据库运用当中的常见问题及相应解决方案，并使用Java技术实现了基于该设计思想的Persistence层的编程框架(DBObject Mapping Framework)，最后结合实际项目工作，介绍了如何将该技术结合Template和XML技术应用于强大的J2EE企业应用框架中来构架多层B／S结构的企业信息系统。在企业综合信息化建设过程中运用这项技术可以大大提高系统开发效率和稳定性，并易于扩展和维护。本文的主要成果在实际开发的系统中取得了大量的应用。本文的主要研究工作概括如下：
1．通过详细分析研究，提出多层B／S架构和J2EE技术是构架现代企业信息系统的先进技术。传统的C／S架构技术必将被淘汰。并从多个角度讨论了J2EE技术在企业应用的上具有的优势。
2．对象映射关系数据库的设计思想解决了面向对象程序设计和关系数据库不匹配的问题。本文深入分析了对象标识符号的应用，对象映射关系数据库的关键技术及关系数据库设计中的若干问题，深入讨论了Persistence层的设计思想。
3．采用Java技术实现了符合J2EE规范，用于Persistence层的编程框架一—DBO Mapping Framework，并成功应用于项目实际开发中。
4．介绍了Persistence层在开发中的应用及在实际的多层B／S系统开发中如何结合模板和XML技术的运用。
最后，在总结全文的基础上，提出了若干有待进一步深入研究和探索的问题。
In the process of information system development in modem enterprises, we
need to establish information management systems on each level to meet the
requirements of business. With the wide adoption of the Internet, the network within
an enterprise is becoming part of the Internet, prophesying the end of the Client
/Server Architecture system era. The era of Client / Server system is characterized by
the fact of installing software onto each individual machine, which will be replaced by
N-tier Browser/erver Architecture systems. Because the realization of these
information systems largely hinges upon support from relational databases, the
realization of the Persistence Layer becomes the key to a successful N-tier
Browsererver Architecture system. However, the traditional direct visitation method
based on ODBC and JDBC, with its low development efficiency, high maintenance
costs and lack of adaptability, is unfeasible from a design point of view. The
theoretical aspect of Object Relation mapping model is analyzed in this thesis as well
as some of the most common questions in practice and their corresponding solutions.
Using the Java language develops a Persistence-Layer DBObject Mapping
Framework based on this design idea. Finally, incorporating the actual project, this
thesis discusses how to seamlessly blend this technology with Template and XML and
applies them in the powerful J2FE enterprise application framework to build
enterprise information systems with N-tier Browsererver Architecture. Harnessing
this technology to the establishing process of enterprise information system will not
only substantially increase efficiency and stability in system development, but also
greatly simplify the process of upgrading and maintenance when needed. The primary
research products of this paper have already been widely adopted in actual system
development. The main research results of this paper can be summarized as following:
1. N-tier Browser/Server architecture and J2EE technology are advanced
technologies in establishing modem enterprise information systems. The traditional
Client/Server structure is doomed to be replaced, and J2EE technology has the
advantage of being highly adaptable in applications in enterprises.
2. The design theory idea Object Relation mapping solved the mismatching
problem between object-oriented design and relational database model. This paper
analyzes the importance of object id and the key technology in object mapping
relational database, and develops a design method on Persistence Layer.
3. The Persistence Layer BO Mapping Framework is realized by using
java and applied to actual project development successfully.
4. The application of N-tier B/S architecture is discussed and the Persistence
Layer with Template and XML technology in actual N-tier B/S system development is
introduced in this paper.
Finally, based on a summary of the research results, several questions for
further research and exploration are proposed.
1．通过详细分析研究，提出多层B／S架构和J2EE技术是构架现代企业信息系统的先进技术。传统的C／S架构技术必将被淘汰。并从多个角度讨论了J2EE技术在企业应用的上具有的优势。
2．对象映射关系数据库的设计思想解决了面向对象程序设计和关系数据库不匹配的问题。本文深入分析了对象标识符号的应用，对象映射关系数据库的关键技术及关系数据库设计中的若干问题，深入讨论了Persistence层的设计思想。
3．采用Java技术实现了符合J2EE规范，用于Persistence层的编程框架一—DBO Mapping Framework，并成功应用于项目实际开发中。
4．介绍了Persistence层在开发中的应用及在实际的多层B／S系统开发中如何结合模板和XML技术的运用。
最后，在总结全文的基础上，提出了若干有待进一步深入研究和探索的问题。
In the process of information system development in modem enterprises, we
need to establish information management systems on each level to meet the
requirements of business. With the wide adoption of the Internet, the network within
an enterprise is becoming part of the Internet, prophesying the end of the Client
/Server Architecture system era. The era of Client / Server system is characterized by
the fact of installing software onto each individual machine, which will be replaced by
N-tier Browser/erver Architecture systems. Because the realization of these
information systems largely hinges upon support from relational databases, the
realization of the Persistence Layer becomes the key to a successful N-tier
Browsererver Architecture system. However, the traditional direct visitation method
based on ODBC and JDBC, with its low development efficiency, high maintenance
costs and lack of adaptability, is unfeasible from a design point of view. The
theoretical aspect of Object Relation mapping model is analyzed in this thesis as well
as some of the most common questions in practice and their corresponding solutions.
Using the Java language develops a Persistence-Layer DBObject Mapping
Framework based on this design idea. Finally, incorporating the actual project, this
thesis discusses how to seamlessly blend this technology with Template and XML and
applies them in the powerful J2FE enterprise application framework to build
enterprise information systems with N-tier Browsererver Architecture. Harnessing
this technology to the establishing process of enterprise information system will not
only substantially increase efficiency and stability in system development, but also
greatly simplify the process of upgrading and maintenance when needed. The primary
research products of this paper have already been widely adopted in actual system
development. The main research results of this paper can be summarized as following:
1. N-tier Browser/Server architecture and J2EE technology are advanced
technologies in establishing modem enterprise information systems. The traditional
Client/Server structure is doomed to be replaced, and J2EE technology has the
advantage of being highly adaptable in applications in enterprises.
2. The design theory idea Object Relation mapping solved the mismatching
problem between object-oriented design and relational database model. This paper
analyzes the importance of object id and the key technology in object mapping
relational database, and develops a design method on Persistence Layer.
3. The Persistence Layer BO Mapping Framework is realized by using
java and applied to actual project development successfully.
4. The application of N-tier B/S architecture is discussed and the Persistence
Layer with Template and XML technology in actual N-tier B/S system development is
introduced in this paper.
Finally, based on a summary of the research results, several questions for
further research and exploration are proposed.
引文
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Date CJ. An Introduction to Database System(Ed.6) . Addison-Wesley 1995
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Ambler, S.W. The Object Primer 2nd Edition, 2001
Ambler, S.W. Mapping Objects To Relational Database. AmbySoft Inc.,1999． 2
Ambler, S.W. The Design of a Robust Persistence Layer For Relational Database. AmbySoft Inc., 1999 10
Addison-Wesley,Reading,MA. Next Step General Reference:Release 3,Volumes 1 and 2,1994
Grady Booch,Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications. Benjamin/Cummings, Redwood City,CA,1994． Second Edition
Buschmann, F., Meunier, R., Rohnert, H., Sommerlad, P., & Stal, M.. A Systems of Patterns: Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 1996
Daniel C,Halbert and Patrick D. O'Brien. Object-oriented development. IEEE Software,4(5) :71-79． September 1987
Rational. The Unified Modeling Language for Object-Oriented Development Documentation v1． 1． Rational Software Corporation, Monterey California. 1997
Vermeulen, A., Ambler, S.W., Bumgardner, G., Metz, E., Misfeldt, T., Shur, J., & Thompson, P. The Elements of Java Style. 2000
Champeaux, Lea, and Faure Object-Oriented System Development., Chapter 25．
Chirs Laffra,Prentice Hall, Advanced Hjava,Idioms,Pitfalls,Style,and Programming Tips, Chapter Sections 11-20, 1977
Laura Lemay,Charles L. Perkins Teach Yourself JAVA in 21 Days,2000
Bruce Eckel, Thinking in Java 3nd. 2001
The Design Patterns Smalltalk Companion, Alpert, S., Brown, K. and Woolf, B., Addison-Wesley, 1998．
A System of Patterns, Buschman, F., Meunier, R., Rohnert, H., Sommerlad, P. and Stal, M., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996．
W.Cooper, The Design Patterns Java Companion,James, 1998
David Flanagan Java in a Nutshell, Third Edition, O'Reilly, 2001
David Flanagan, Java Foundation Classes in a Nutshell, O'Reilly, 2001
Richard Monson-Haefel, Enterprise JavaBeans Second Edition, O'Reilly, 2001
Jason Hunter with William Crawford , Java Servlet Programming, O'Reilly, 2001
George Reese ,Database Programming with JDBC 2nd edition, O'Reilly, 2001
http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc
http://java.sun.com/blueprints/guidelines/designing enterprise applications/index.htm
http://java.sun.com/xml/
http://www.webmacro.org/
http://jakarta.apache.org/velocitv/developer-guide.html
http://castor.exolab.org/index.html
http://www.caucho.com
http://www.orionserver.com/
http://www-900． ibm.com/developerWorks/index.shtml
http://www.svs-con.com/java/archives.cfm
http://www.togethercommunity.com/index.jsp
http://www-900． ibm.com/websphere/index.shtml
http://edocs. bea. com/index.html
武文生等，企业信息化及其管理，未来与发展，1999年第3期
闻沫，《ERP的成功率等于零》，中国经营报，2000．9．26
刘鲁主编，《信息系统设计原理与应用》，北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
王本颜，《数据结构技术》，清华大学出版社，1988
周伯生等译，《面向对象式软件构造》，北京航空航天大学出版社，1992
蔡希尧，陈平，《面向对象技术》，西安电子科技大学出版社，1993
姚得民，李汉玲编，《系统工程实用教程》，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1987
Erich Gamma,Richard Helm 等著，《设计模式——可复用面向对象软件的基础》，2001
付毅，Apusic J2EE应用服务器作为证券行业Internet应用解决方案，程序员2001．9
李也白等，对象关系数据的数据建模能力及Oracle8的对象关系特性研究，计算机工程，1999．5
刘敏等，时态面向对象数据库查询算法研究，计算机应用研究，2001，3
谭振强等，基于关系数据库的多维数据存储模型，小型微型计算机系统，2001，7
WendyBoggs,Michael Bogges著 邱仲潘等译，UML with Rational Rose从入门到精通，电子工业出版社
金胜昔等，“Java2的安全性新特性及其应用”，Java技术应用的进展---全国第二届Java技术应用学术会议论文集，1999
余俊，“签名Applet的原理与实现”，《微型机与应用》1999年11期；
John Zukowski著，《Java2丛入门到精通》，邱中潘等译，电子工业出版社，1999
曹袖，林海，张胜，基于Java的实时系统互联及应用，计算机工程与应用，2002．2
Philip Heller, Simon Roberts著 邱仲潘等译，《Java高级开发指南》，电子工业出版社 1997
毛选等译，《Java程序设计技巧1001例》 电子工业出版社，1998
俞盘详，沈金发，《数据库系统原理》，北京：清华大学出版社，1988
石树刚，郑振楣，《关系数据库》，北京：清华大学出版社，1993
萨师煊，王珊，《数据库系统概论》，高等教育出版社
Kevin Loney著，李晓军等译，《Oracle数据库管理员手册》，机械工业出版社，2000
Date CJ. An Introduction to Database System(Ed.6) . Addison-Wesley 1995
Ambler, S.W. Complex Data Relationships: Bet on OODBMS. Software Magazine, January 1995, p72-74．
Ambler, S.W. The Object Primer 2nd Edition, 2001
Ambler, S.W. Mapping Objects To Relational Database. AmbySoft Inc.,1999． 2
Ambler, S.W. The Design of a Robust Persistence Layer For Relational Database. AmbySoft Inc., 1999 10
Addison-Wesley,Reading,MA. Next Step General Reference:Release 3,Volumes 1 and 2,1994
Grady Booch,Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications. Benjamin/Cummings, Redwood City,CA,1994． Second Edition
Buschmann, F., Meunier, R., Rohnert, H., Sommerlad, P., & Stal, M.. A Systems of Patterns: Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 1996
Daniel C,Halbert and Patrick D. O'Brien. Object-oriented development. IEEE Software,4(5) :71-79． September 1987
Rational. The Unified Modeling Language for Object-Oriented Development Documentation v1． 1． Rational Software Corporation, Monterey California. 1997
Vermeulen, A., Ambler, S.W., Bumgardner, G., Metz, E., Misfeldt, T., Shur, J., & Thompson, P. The Elements of Java Style. 2000
Champeaux, Lea, and Faure Object-Oriented System Development., Chapter 25．
Chirs Laffra,Prentice Hall, Advanced Hjava,Idioms,Pitfalls,Style,and Programming Tips, Chapter Sections 11-20, 1977
Laura Lemay,Charles L. Perkins Teach Yourself JAVA in 21 Days,2000
Bruce Eckel, Thinking in Java 3nd. 2001
The Design Patterns Smalltalk Companion, Alpert, S., Brown, K. and Woolf, B., Addison-Wesley, 1998．
A System of Patterns, Buschman, F., Meunier, R., Rohnert, H., Sommerlad, P. and Stal, M., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996．
W.Cooper, The Design Patterns Java Companion,James, 1998
David Flanagan Java in a Nutshell, Third Edition, O'Reilly, 2001
David Flanagan, Java Foundation Classes in a Nutshell, O'Reilly, 2001
Richard Monson-Haefel, Enterprise JavaBeans Second Edition, O'Reilly, 2001
Jason Hunter with William Crawford , Java Servlet Programming, O'Reilly, 2001
George Reese ,Database Programming with JDBC 2nd edition, O'Reilly, 2001
http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc
http://java.sun.com/blueprints/guidelines/designing enterprise applications/index.htm
http://java.sun.com/xml/
http://www.webmacro.org/
http://jakarta.apache.org/velocitv/developer-guide.html
http://castor.exolab.org/index.html
http://www.caucho.com
http://www.orionserver.com/
http://www-900． ibm.com/developerWorks/index.shtml
http://www.svs-con.com/java/archives.cfm
http://www.togethercommunity.com/index.jsp
http://www-900． ibm.com/websphere/index.shtml
http://edocs. bea. com/index.html
武文生等，企业信息化及其管理，未来与发展，1999年第3期
闻沫，《ERP的成功率等于零》，中国经营报，2000．9．26
刘鲁主编，《信息系统设计原理与应用》，北京航空航天大学出版社，1995
王本颜，《数据结构技术》，清华大学出版社，1988
周伯生等译，《面向对象式软件构造》，北京航空航天大学出版社，1992
蔡希尧，陈平，《面向对象技术》，西安电子科技大学出版社，1993
姚得民，李汉玲编，《系统工程实用教程》，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1987
Erich Gamma,Richard Helm 等著，《设计模式——可复用面向对象软件的基础》，2001
付毅，Apusic J2EE应用服务器作为证券行业Internet应用解决方案，程序员2001．9
李也白等，对象关系数据的数据建模能力及Oracle8的对象关系特性研究，计算机工程，1999．5
刘敏等，时态面向对象数据库查询算法研究，计算机应用研究，2001，3
谭振强等，基于关系数据库的多维数据存储模型，小型微型计算机系统，2001，7
WendyBoggs,Michael Bogges著 邱仲潘等译，UML with Rational Rose从入门到精通，电子工业出版社
金胜昔等，“Java2的安全性新特性及其应用”，Java技术应用的进展---全国第二届Java技术应用学术会议论文集，1999
余俊，“签名Applet的原理与实现”，《微型机与应用》1999年11期；
John Zukowski著，《Java2丛入门到精通》，邱中潘等译，电子工业出版社，1999
曹袖，林海，张胜，基于Java的实时系统互联及应用，计算机工程与应用，2002．2
Philip Heller, Simon Roberts著 邱仲潘等译，《Java高级开发指南》，电子工业出版社 1997
毛选等译，《Java程序设计技巧1001例》 电子工业出版社，1998
俞盘详，沈金发，《数据库系统原理》，北京：清华大学出版社，1988
石树刚，郑振楣，《关系数据库》，北京：清华大学出版社，1993
萨师煊，王珊，《数据库系统概论》，高等教育出版社
Kevin Loney著，李晓军等译，《Oracle数据库管理员手册》，机械工业出版社，2000