合肥市部分人群艾滋病认知与行为状况干预评价
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摘要
目的 了解市场从业人员和医科大学生这两类人群的艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为状况，探寻其影响因素，为艾滋病社区干预和学校艾滋病防治工作提供基线资料和干预策略的指导原则，为制定干预效果评价标准提供科学依据。
方法 采用横断面研究设计，对631名市场从业人员和1465名医科大学生进行艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为状况的问卷调查，对市场从业人员还进行了主要性传播疾病指标的实验室检测，通过单因素分析、多元线性回归等统计学方法分析其影响因素。使用社区干预实验手段，对223名在校医科大学生进行艾滋病同伴教育活动。
结果 市场从业人员总体上对艾滋病基本知识缺乏了解，知识水平普遍较低，尤其是文盲和小学文化程度者、年龄偏大者、女性、农村居民和低收入者相关知识水平更低。对HIV感染者和AIDS病人的态度总体上较消极，而对待HIV／AIDS高危行为的态度较积极，其影响因素包括性别和年龄。从业人员的高危行为主要是婚前性行为和婚外性行为，同性性行为和吸毒现象并不严重，美容美发洗浴人员多性伴现象较普遍。从业人员的自我保护能力和意识比较薄弱，但接受艾滋病和性病知识宣传教育的意愿较强烈。衣原体阳性检出率为4.31％，男性明显高于女性；解脲支原体阳性检出率为65.54％，女性明显高于男性。医科大学生对于艾滋病的基本知识有一定程度的了解，基本掌握艾滋病的主要传播途径，但有关艾滋病的专业知识，多数学生仍很模糊；49.4％的学生认为婚前性行为不可取；6.97％的学生发生过性关系：89.8％的学生希望了解性病／艾滋病的知识，96.7％的学生认为在大学中开展艾滋病健康教育很必要。经同伴教育后，干预组学生艾滋病知识平均得分为35.02±5.70，态度平均得分为0.8964±0.316，较前对照组和内对照组均有大幅度提高。干预组中有63.23％的学生认为婚前性行为不可取，更多的学生(73.09％)对艾滋病病人和HIV感染者持同情和帮助的态度。
结论 市场从业人员是艾滋病潜在的一类高危人群，针对市场从业人员的干预应
安徽医科大学硕士学位论文
及早开展，科学规划，例如尝试选择广电媒体、同伴教育、社区咨询作为千预手
段。将同伴教育方法运用于医科大学生的艾滋病预防干预工作中，方法可行，近
期效果良好。作为艾滋病防治的一级预防措施，在大学阶段特别是在医学生中开
展系统的艾滋病防治和性教育工作非常重要，且艾滋病健康教育必须与性知识、
性道德、科学人生观、婚恋观教育紧密结合，对其性行为进行正确的引导。
Objective To understand the status of knowledge.attitude and behavior(KAB) about AIDS among marketers in Hefei and medical students, to explore their influencing factors and provide the baseline information of AIDS intervention for community and university and instructional principles for intervention strategies, as well as the references for effectiveness evaluation.
Methods 631 marketers and 1 465 medical students in Hefei were surveyed with the questionnaires which including the knowledge, attitude and behaviour questions about AIDS, major STDs experimental examinations were implemented in some of the marketers. Uni-factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to explore their influencing factors. An intervention experimental design was used to evaluate the impact of peer education among 223 medical students.
Results Elementary knowledge of AIDS, some grpups such as analphabetics, elders, female, countrymen, the people with low income had poorer AIDS preventional knowledge than other groups. The attitude to people with HIV/AIDS among marketers was negative, most of them felt afraid of AIDS patients, while the attitude towards HIV/AIDS high risk behaviours was relatively positive, which was influenced by their gender and age. Premarital sex and sex outside family were occured relatively frequent among these marketers, while homosexuality and drug injection were occured relatively infrequent among them. More proportion of hairdressers had excessive sex partners. Most of marketers lacked protective abilities and consciousnesses on AIDS prevention, but a great number of marketers would like to accept AIDS/STDs education. The positive rate of chlamydia trachomatis was 4.31%, the positive rate of ureaplasma urealyticum was 65.54%. Medical students grasped some elementary knowledge of AIDS and knew major routes of AIDS
transmission, but most of these students still
lacked professional knowledge of AIDS; 49.4% students opposed sexual behaviors before marriage; 6.97% students admitted their sexual intercourse behaviors; 89.8% students wanted to learn more about STD,AIDS; 96.7% students considered it be imperative to carry out health education program for AIDS prevention in universities. After the intervention, the average knowledge scores about AIDS in the experimental group was 35.02?.70, the average attitude scores of which was 0.896?.316. Conclusions Marketers are potential high risk population for HIV,AIDS, the AIDS community intervention for them should be attempted as soon as possible, we decided to choose broadcast or television medium, peer education, consultation in community as the major strategies for the following intervention project. As a measure of primary prevention for AIDS, it would be very important to provide health education on AIDS prevention systematically for college students, as well as sex education. The proposals would assist college students
in improving their knowledge levels on AIDS and reducing their high risk sexual behaviors. The study indicates that peer education about AIDS is both feasible and effective among medical university students.
方法 采用横断面研究设计，对631名市场从业人员和1465名医科大学生进行艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为状况的问卷调查，对市场从业人员还进行了主要性传播疾病指标的实验室检测，通过单因素分析、多元线性回归等统计学方法分析其影响因素。使用社区干预实验手段，对223名在校医科大学生进行艾滋病同伴教育活动。
结果 市场从业人员总体上对艾滋病基本知识缺乏了解，知识水平普遍较低，尤其是文盲和小学文化程度者、年龄偏大者、女性、农村居民和低收入者相关知识水平更低。对HIV感染者和AIDS病人的态度总体上较消极，而对待HIV／AIDS高危行为的态度较积极，其影响因素包括性别和年龄。从业人员的高危行为主要是婚前性行为和婚外性行为，同性性行为和吸毒现象并不严重，美容美发洗浴人员多性伴现象较普遍。从业人员的自我保护能力和意识比较薄弱，但接受艾滋病和性病知识宣传教育的意愿较强烈。衣原体阳性检出率为4.31％，男性明显高于女性；解脲支原体阳性检出率为65.54％，女性明显高于男性。医科大学生对于艾滋病的基本知识有一定程度的了解，基本掌握艾滋病的主要传播途径，但有关艾滋病的专业知识，多数学生仍很模糊；49.4％的学生认为婚前性行为不可取；6.97％的学生发生过性关系：89.8％的学生希望了解性病／艾滋病的知识，96.7％的学生认为在大学中开展艾滋病健康教育很必要。经同伴教育后，干预组学生艾滋病知识平均得分为35.02±5.70，态度平均得分为0.8964±0.316，较前对照组和内对照组均有大幅度提高。干预组中有63.23％的学生认为婚前性行为不可取，更多的学生(73.09％)对艾滋病病人和HIV感染者持同情和帮助的态度。
结论 市场从业人员是艾滋病潜在的一类高危人群，针对市场从业人员的干预应
安徽医科大学硕士学位论文
及早开展，科学规划，例如尝试选择广电媒体、同伴教育、社区咨询作为千预手
段。将同伴教育方法运用于医科大学生的艾滋病预防干预工作中，方法可行，近
期效果良好。作为艾滋病防治的一级预防措施，在大学阶段特别是在医学生中开
展系统的艾滋病防治和性教育工作非常重要，且艾滋病健康教育必须与性知识、
性道德、科学人生观、婚恋观教育紧密结合，对其性行为进行正确的引导。
Objective To understand the status of knowledge.attitude and behavior(KAB) about AIDS among marketers in Hefei and medical students, to explore their influencing factors and provide the baseline information of AIDS intervention for community and university and instructional principles for intervention strategies, as well as the references for effectiveness evaluation.
Methods 631 marketers and 1 465 medical students in Hefei were surveyed with the questionnaires which including the knowledge, attitude and behaviour questions about AIDS, major STDs experimental examinations were implemented in some of the marketers. Uni-factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to explore their influencing factors. An intervention experimental design was used to evaluate the impact of peer education among 223 medical students.
Results Elementary knowledge of AIDS, some grpups such as analphabetics, elders, female, countrymen, the people with low income had poorer AIDS preventional knowledge than other groups. The attitude to people with HIV/AIDS among marketers was negative, most of them felt afraid of AIDS patients, while the attitude towards HIV/AIDS high risk behaviours was relatively positive, which was influenced by their gender and age. Premarital sex and sex outside family were occured relatively frequent among these marketers, while homosexuality and drug injection were occured relatively infrequent among them. More proportion of hairdressers had excessive sex partners. Most of marketers lacked protective abilities and consciousnesses on AIDS prevention, but a great number of marketers would like to accept AIDS/STDs education. The positive rate of chlamydia trachomatis was 4.31%, the positive rate of ureaplasma urealyticum was 65.54%. Medical students grasped some elementary knowledge of AIDS and knew major routes of AIDS
transmission, but most of these students still
lacked professional knowledge of AIDS; 49.4% students opposed sexual behaviors before marriage; 6.97% students admitted their sexual intercourse behaviors; 89.8% students wanted to learn more about STD,AIDS; 96.7% students considered it be imperative to carry out health education program for AIDS prevention in universities. After the intervention, the average knowledge scores about AIDS in the experimental group was 35.02?.70, the average attitude scores of which was 0.896?.316. Conclusions Marketers are potential high risk population for HIV,AIDS, the AIDS community intervention for them should be attempted as soon as possible, we decided to choose broadcast or television medium, peer education, consultation in community as the major strategies for the following intervention project. As a measure of primary prevention for AIDS, it would be very important to provide health education on AIDS prevention systematically for college students, as well as sex education. The proposals would assist college students
in improving their knowledge levels on AIDS and reducing their high risk sexual behaviors. The study indicates that peer education about AIDS is both feasible and effective among medical university students.
引文
1．张学军，主编．皮肤性病学．第五版．北京：人民卫生出版社，2001．200-204
2．王诗淇，肖文彤，李红文，主编．实用性病学．第一版．北京：科学出版社，
1995.201-202
3. UNAIDS and WHO. AIDS Epidemic Update. December 2001, Geneva: UNAIDS and WHO. 2001
4．吴尊友，张家鹏，董勒弄，等．云南省德宏州酒吧、发廊服务小姐性服务情况调查．中国性病艾滋病防治，1997，3(1)：14-16
5．袁国平，叶元庆，李鼎安．在两组人群中开展艾滋病干预调查效果分析．中国性病艾滋病防治．1999，5(6)：261-261
6．何启亚，郑穗曾，潘先海．在流动小姐中开展艾滋病健康教育效果分析．中国性病艾滋病防治，1997，3(5)：208-211
7．吴尊友．行为干预是目前预防艾滋病的有效疫苗．中国性病艾滋病防治，2000，6(4)：221-223
8. Genevieve Costigan. Manual for deducting drug related harm in Asia: Center for harm reduction, 1999. 27-37
2．王诗淇，肖文彤，李红文，主编．实用性病学．第一版．北京：科学出版社，
1995.201-202
3. UNAIDS and WHO. AIDS Epidemic Update. December 2001, Geneva: UNAIDS and WHO. 2001
4．吴尊友，张家鹏，董勒弄，等．云南省德宏州酒吧、发廊服务小姐性服务情况调查．中国性病艾滋病防治，1997，3(1)：14-16
5．袁国平，叶元庆，李鼎安．在两组人群中开展艾滋病干预调查效果分析．中国性病艾滋病防治．1999，5(6)：261-261
6．何启亚，郑穗曾，潘先海．在流动小姐中开展艾滋病健康教育效果分析．中国性病艾滋病防治，1997，3(5)：208-211
7．吴尊友．行为干预是目前预防艾滋病的有效疫苗．中国性病艾滋病防治，2000，6(4)：221-223
8. Genevieve Costigan. Manual for deducting drug related harm in Asia: Center for harm reduction, 1999. 27-37
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