瞬变电磁法探测煤矿充水采空区响应特征分析
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摘要
瞬变电磁法是近年来发展较快、应用较广的一种地球物理电法类勘探方法。由于瞬变电磁法对低阻地质体响应明显,在煤田水文地质包括煤矿水害方面有着广阔的应用前景和巨大的发展潜力,是其进行地球物理探测的首选方法。
随着煤炭资源的大力开发,煤矿采空区成为影响人类正常生产生活建设的一大弊端,将瞬变电磁法用于探测煤矿充水采空区成为煤矿安全生产以及人们在采空区地段进行生产建设的必要手段。然而,根据传统的经验,人们一直认为充水采空区低阻响应特征是判别异常体的依据,本文通过对瞬变电磁法探测煤矿充水采空区的物性基础和产生二次场的机理分析,加上瞬变电磁一维正反演研究,得出了有悖于传统经验的结论,对瞬变电磁法探测煤矿充水采空区具有一定的指导意义。
首先根据电介质的分子极化理论,对充水采空区的水体和围岩在感应类电磁场中的微观极化特征进行了分析,认为充水采空区低阻的水体感应电压小于高阻的围岩所呈现的感应电压(即是瞬变电磁场的二次场电压)；其次基于激电法的激发极化理论,对充水采空区在电场中的的薄膜效应加以讨论,认为在采空区未引发顶板冒落以及其伴生的裂隙等条件下,充水采空区相当于一个封闭的空间,且相当于一个储藏电能很小的大电池,所以其在电磁场中呈现低于围岩性能的低电压,得出在视电阻率曲线图上呈相对高阻的反映的结论。
在上述分析研究的基础上,本文建立了磁偶源激励条件下充水采空区的一维正演模型,通过分析其瞬变电磁响应特征曲线,得出结论：无论是均匀半空间介质还是水平层状介质,正演结果都是低阻水体的二次场电压值低于高阻围岩的二次场电压值,低阻水体的视电阻率响应值高于高阻围岩的视电阻率响应值。最后根据实例,应用瞬变电磁法探测晋东南某研究区内3号煤层的充水采空区,通过分析3号煤层的地质特征以及房柱式采煤方法的特点,解释了一维反演视电阻率随深度变化曲线上以及测区3号煤层视电阻率平面等值线图上相对高阻的视电阻率值是圈定充水采空区范围依据的现象。
综上,在采用瞬变电磁法探测煤矿采空区尤其是煤矿充水采空区时,应结合相应的地质条件以及采煤方式,综合分析其瞬变电磁响应特征,得出正确的瞬变电磁解释依据,为指导人们进行安全的生产建设工作提供合理的论断。
The transient electromagnetic method is a kind of geophysical exploration methods with electrical signal, which is developed rapidly and used widely. Due to the transient electromagnetic method has an obvious respond on low resistance geological body, it is the preferred method of geophysical survey in the detection of coal mine water hazards, which has broad application prospects and the huge development potential.
With the support of the coal resources development, coal goaf has become a disadvantage to affect the normal production and construction of human life. It is a necessary means in coal mine and people in mined-out area for production and construction, which used the transient electromagnetic method to detect the coal mine water-filling-goaf. However, according to the traditional experience, people have always think that the low resistance response characteristics on the water-filling-goaf is the evidence to discriminate the normal body and the abnormal body. Though the analysis of several common electric law theory about the transient electromagnetic method to detect the coal mine water-filling-goaf, the paper drawed the conclusion that contrary to traditional experience on the base of the transient electromagnetic Id inversion study, which has theoretic guidance significance in the transient electromagnetic method to detect the coal mine water-filling-goaf.
First of all, on the basis of the molecular polarization dielectric theory, the paper analyzes the micro polarization characteristics of the water-filling-goaf and surrounding rock in the induction electromagnetic field, and argues that the inducing-voltage of the low resistance of mined-out area with water-filling is less than the high resistance of the surrounding rock, which is also the secondary voltage field of the transient electric magnetic field. Secondly, on the bases the induced polarization theory in the electrical method, the paper discussed the memberaneeffect of the water-filling-goaf, considered that water-filling-goaf is equivalent to a closed space if the coal-mining has not caused roof falls and associated fissure, and equivalent to a storage power but a big battery, so the water-filling-goaf appears low voltage than the surrounding rock in the electromagnetic field. It concludes that the apparent resistivity of the water-filling-goaf in curve chart has a relatively high resistance reaction.
The paper also established Id forward modeling about the water-filling-goaf on the dipole source excitation condition, through the analysis of the transient electromagnetic response characteristic curve, argued that whether even half space or medium level of layered media the induced-voltage of the water-filling-goaf which is low resistance is less than the surrounding rock which is high resistance and the apparent resistivity of the water-filling-goaf is higher than the surrounding rock. At last, according to the example that the application of the transient electromagnetic method to detect a water-filling-goaf which is about the No.3coal seam of mined-out area in southeast of Shanxi province, through the analysis of the geological features of the No.3coal seam and the room and the characteristics of the pillar type the coal mining method, the paper explained that the apparent resistivity on the Id inversion curve and the apparent resistivity plane equivalence value maps which appears relatively high resistance feature is the evidence to enclose the scope of the area of the water-filling-goaf in the No.3coal seam.
In conclusion, in detecting the mined-out area or the water-filling-goaf by transient electromagnetic method, we should combine the corresponding geological conditions with the coal mining methods, and come to a correct transient electromagnetic explain basis in a comprehensive analysis of the transient electromagnetic response characteristics to provide a reasonable judgment for guidance on safe production and construction in people's work.
随着煤炭资源的大力开发,煤矿采空区成为影响人类正常生产生活建设的一大弊端,将瞬变电磁法用于探测煤矿充水采空区成为煤矿安全生产以及人们在采空区地段进行生产建设的必要手段。然而,根据传统的经验,人们一直认为充水采空区低阻响应特征是判别异常体的依据,本文通过对瞬变电磁法探测煤矿充水采空区的物性基础和产生二次场的机理分析,加上瞬变电磁一维正反演研究,得出了有悖于传统经验的结论,对瞬变电磁法探测煤矿充水采空区具有一定的指导意义。
首先根据电介质的分子极化理论,对充水采空区的水体和围岩在感应类电磁场中的微观极化特征进行了分析,认为充水采空区低阻的水体感应电压小于高阻的围岩所呈现的感应电压(即是瞬变电磁场的二次场电压)；其次基于激电法的激发极化理论,对充水采空区在电场中的的薄膜效应加以讨论,认为在采空区未引发顶板冒落以及其伴生的裂隙等条件下,充水采空区相当于一个封闭的空间,且相当于一个储藏电能很小的大电池,所以其在电磁场中呈现低于围岩性能的低电压,得出在视电阻率曲线图上呈相对高阻的反映的结论。
在上述分析研究的基础上,本文建立了磁偶源激励条件下充水采空区的一维正演模型,通过分析其瞬变电磁响应特征曲线,得出结论：无论是均匀半空间介质还是水平层状介质,正演结果都是低阻水体的二次场电压值低于高阻围岩的二次场电压值,低阻水体的视电阻率响应值高于高阻围岩的视电阻率响应值。最后根据实例,应用瞬变电磁法探测晋东南某研究区内3号煤层的充水采空区,通过分析3号煤层的地质特征以及房柱式采煤方法的特点,解释了一维反演视电阻率随深度变化曲线上以及测区3号煤层视电阻率平面等值线图上相对高阻的视电阻率值是圈定充水采空区范围依据的现象。
综上,在采用瞬变电磁法探测煤矿采空区尤其是煤矿充水采空区时,应结合相应的地质条件以及采煤方式,综合分析其瞬变电磁响应特征,得出正确的瞬变电磁解释依据,为指导人们进行安全的生产建设工作提供合理的论断。
The transient electromagnetic method is a kind of geophysical exploration methods with electrical signal, which is developed rapidly and used widely. Due to the transient electromagnetic method has an obvious respond on low resistance geological body, it is the preferred method of geophysical survey in the detection of coal mine water hazards, which has broad application prospects and the huge development potential.
With the support of the coal resources development, coal goaf has become a disadvantage to affect the normal production and construction of human life. It is a necessary means in coal mine and people in mined-out area for production and construction, which used the transient electromagnetic method to detect the coal mine water-filling-goaf. However, according to the traditional experience, people have always think that the low resistance response characteristics on the water-filling-goaf is the evidence to discriminate the normal body and the abnormal body. Though the analysis of several common electric law theory about the transient electromagnetic method to detect the coal mine water-filling-goaf, the paper drawed the conclusion that contrary to traditional experience on the base of the transient electromagnetic Id inversion study, which has theoretic guidance significance in the transient electromagnetic method to detect the coal mine water-filling-goaf.
First of all, on the basis of the molecular polarization dielectric theory, the paper analyzes the micro polarization characteristics of the water-filling-goaf and surrounding rock in the induction electromagnetic field, and argues that the inducing-voltage of the low resistance of mined-out area with water-filling is less than the high resistance of the surrounding rock, which is also the secondary voltage field of the transient electric magnetic field. Secondly, on the bases the induced polarization theory in the electrical method, the paper discussed the memberaneeffect of the water-filling-goaf, considered that water-filling-goaf is equivalent to a closed space if the coal-mining has not caused roof falls and associated fissure, and equivalent to a storage power but a big battery, so the water-filling-goaf appears low voltage than the surrounding rock in the electromagnetic field. It concludes that the apparent resistivity of the water-filling-goaf in curve chart has a relatively high resistance reaction.
The paper also established Id forward modeling about the water-filling-goaf on the dipole source excitation condition, through the analysis of the transient electromagnetic response characteristic curve, argued that whether even half space or medium level of layered media the induced-voltage of the water-filling-goaf which is low resistance is less than the surrounding rock which is high resistance and the apparent resistivity of the water-filling-goaf is higher than the surrounding rock. At last, according to the example that the application of the transient electromagnetic method to detect a water-filling-goaf which is about the No.3coal seam of mined-out area in southeast of Shanxi province, through the analysis of the geological features of the No.3coal seam and the room and the characteristics of the pillar type the coal mining method, the paper explained that the apparent resistivity on the Id inversion curve and the apparent resistivity plane equivalence value maps which appears relatively high resistance feature is the evidence to enclose the scope of the area of the water-filling-goaf in the No.3coal seam.
In conclusion, in detecting the mined-out area or the water-filling-goaf by transient electromagnetic method, we should combine the corresponding geological conditions with the coal mining methods, and come to a correct transient electromagnetic explain basis in a comprehensive analysis of the transient electromagnetic response characteristics to provide a reasonable judgment for guidance on safe production and construction in people's work.
引文
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