基于运网要素互动的综合货运枢纽布局理论与方法研究
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摘要
综合货运枢纽是多种运输方式的交汇点,在多式联运中居于核心地位,是多式联运顺畅、高效的关键。综合货运枢纽的布局是否合理直接影响不同运输方式之间的有效转运和衔接,直接影响区域综合货运枢纽间的相互协调。在此背景下,本文从综合运输的角度,基于综合运输网络要素互动,动态地研究区域综合货运枢纽的布局,从“点-线”互动、“点-点”协调、运营组织模式影响等多角度提出综合货运枢纽布局优化模型及其求解方法。本文主要研究工作和结论如下：
1)从系统论的角度分析综合运输网络的特性及要素组成,在将综合运输网络要素划分为运输物理网络要素和运输运营组织要素的基础上,提出了综合运输网络要素间互动的表现形式。在总结综合货运枢纽布局形态及演化规律的基础上,分析运输网络要素互动对综合货运枢纽布局的影响。
2)以货流在区域综合运输网络上的优化组织为目标,运用运输路径选择方法和运输网络配流理论,提出了区域综合货运枢纽布局的两阶段模型,即在基于货流优化组织预测综合货运枢纽属性的基础上,基于系统聚类方法进行综合货运枢纽的层次划分,实现区域综合货运枢纽的布局优化。
3)在分析区域综合货运枢纽与运输线路间“点-线”互动形式和相互影响机理的基础上,为应对运输线路布局的不确定性和多变性,提出了基于线路变动的综合货运枢纽布局优化模型,为综合货运枢纽布局留下一定的变动空间。在此基础上,为适应综合货运枢纽层次变动需求,提出了基于综合货运枢纽层次变动的运输物理线路布局优化模型及算法。
4)在分析区域综合货运枢纽间“点-点”协调形式和协调布局机理的基础上,提出了基于节点运输弧能力限制和基于节点转运方式限制的综合货运枢纽布局优化模型及其组合优化模型。在此基础上,为适应综合货运枢纽层次变动需求,提出了基于综合货运枢纽层次变动的综合货运枢纽布局优化模型及算法。
5)在分析货物运营组织模式优化所产生的运输网络密度经济、规模经济和范围经济的基础上,研究了运营组织对综合货运枢纽布局的影响机理。在综合考虑费用、竞争和拥挤因素的基础上,构建了基于运输运营组织的综合货运枢纽布局优化模型,设计了禁忌搜索算法实现模型求解,并应用于具体算例之中。
论文从综合运输网络要素互动的角度,深化和完善了综合货运枢纽布局理论和方法,使综合货运枢纽能动态适应运网要素的变化,可为区域综合货运枢纽布局提供科学依据,对提高综合货运枢纽服务水平、降低区域物流成本具有重要的现实意义。
Integrated freight hub is the intersection of a variety of transport modes. It is in the core position of multimodal transport, which is the key to smooth and efficient.The reasonableness of the integrated freight hub layout directly affects the effective transfer between the different transport modes and the coordination of the hubs. In this context, from the perspective of an integrated transport, it dynamically studied the layout of the integrated freight hub based on the elements interact of integrated transport network. Then from the perspective of "point-line" interaction,"point-point" coordination and operation mode affect, optimization theory and methods of comprehensive freight hub layout are proposed.
Research works and conclusions are as follows:
1) It analysis the characteristics and elements of an integrated transport network. And base on the integrated transport network elements, which are divided into elements of transport physical network and elements of operating organizations, the interaction between the elements of integrated transport network are proposed. With the analysis on the layout and evolution law of the comprehensive freight hub, it analyze the effect of elements interact of transport network to the layout of the hub.
2) With the goal of the optimization organization of cargo flows on the regional comprehensive transportation network, the transport route choice methods and flow distribution theory of transport network are used for the proposing of the two-stage regional layout method. On the basis of forecast of the cargo flow optimization organization and the division of the comprehensive freight hub with system clustering method, the optimization of the hub layout is achieved.
3) In the analysis of "point-line" interactive form and interaction mechanism between regional freight hub and transport routes, optimization method is proposed for the layout of the hub based on the line changes, which is leaving some room for layout changes. In order to meet the demand of freight hub level changes, the adjustment method of transport routes optimization is proposed.
4) In the analysis of "point-point" coordination form and layout mechanism, the node-based transport arc capacity constraints and the layout optimization model of node-based transshipment limited freight hub is proposed. On this basis, it discusses the two cases layout optimization of the level improves and reduces. The loop algorithm and examples is proposed.
5) In the basic of transport network density economy, scale economy and scope economy due to the cargo operations organization model optimization, it do the research on the influence mechanism from the operational organization to the freight hub layout. The cost, competition, and crowd elements is consider for building the layout optimization model based on the transport operations organization. Tabu search algorithm is design for model solution and which is applied to specific examples.
From Interaction point of the integrated transport network elements, it improves the layout theories and methods of integrated freight hub, which adapt to the changes in the transport network elements dynamically. It provides a scientific basis for regional freight hub layout and reduces the logistics costs, which is significant in practical.
1)从系统论的角度分析综合运输网络的特性及要素组成,在将综合运输网络要素划分为运输物理网络要素和运输运营组织要素的基础上,提出了综合运输网络要素间互动的表现形式。在总结综合货运枢纽布局形态及演化规律的基础上,分析运输网络要素互动对综合货运枢纽布局的影响。
2)以货流在区域综合运输网络上的优化组织为目标,运用运输路径选择方法和运输网络配流理论,提出了区域综合货运枢纽布局的两阶段模型,即在基于货流优化组织预测综合货运枢纽属性的基础上,基于系统聚类方法进行综合货运枢纽的层次划分,实现区域综合货运枢纽的布局优化。
3)在分析区域综合货运枢纽与运输线路间“点-线”互动形式和相互影响机理的基础上,为应对运输线路布局的不确定性和多变性,提出了基于线路变动的综合货运枢纽布局优化模型,为综合货运枢纽布局留下一定的变动空间。在此基础上,为适应综合货运枢纽层次变动需求,提出了基于综合货运枢纽层次变动的运输物理线路布局优化模型及算法。
4)在分析区域综合货运枢纽间“点-点”协调形式和协调布局机理的基础上,提出了基于节点运输弧能力限制和基于节点转运方式限制的综合货运枢纽布局优化模型及其组合优化模型。在此基础上,为适应综合货运枢纽层次变动需求,提出了基于综合货运枢纽层次变动的综合货运枢纽布局优化模型及算法。
5)在分析货物运营组织模式优化所产生的运输网络密度经济、规模经济和范围经济的基础上,研究了运营组织对综合货运枢纽布局的影响机理。在综合考虑费用、竞争和拥挤因素的基础上,构建了基于运输运营组织的综合货运枢纽布局优化模型,设计了禁忌搜索算法实现模型求解,并应用于具体算例之中。
论文从综合运输网络要素互动的角度,深化和完善了综合货运枢纽布局理论和方法,使综合货运枢纽能动态适应运网要素的变化,可为区域综合货运枢纽布局提供科学依据,对提高综合货运枢纽服务水平、降低区域物流成本具有重要的现实意义。
Integrated freight hub is the intersection of a variety of transport modes. It is in the core position of multimodal transport, which is the key to smooth and efficient.The reasonableness of the integrated freight hub layout directly affects the effective transfer between the different transport modes and the coordination of the hubs. In this context, from the perspective of an integrated transport, it dynamically studied the layout of the integrated freight hub based on the elements interact of integrated transport network. Then from the perspective of "point-line" interaction,"point-point" coordination and operation mode affect, optimization theory and methods of comprehensive freight hub layout are proposed.
Research works and conclusions are as follows:
1) It analysis the characteristics and elements of an integrated transport network. And base on the integrated transport network elements, which are divided into elements of transport physical network and elements of operating organizations, the interaction between the elements of integrated transport network are proposed. With the analysis on the layout and evolution law of the comprehensive freight hub, it analyze the effect of elements interact of transport network to the layout of the hub.
2) With the goal of the optimization organization of cargo flows on the regional comprehensive transportation network, the transport route choice methods and flow distribution theory of transport network are used for the proposing of the two-stage regional layout method. On the basis of forecast of the cargo flow optimization organization and the division of the comprehensive freight hub with system clustering method, the optimization of the hub layout is achieved.
3) In the analysis of "point-line" interactive form and interaction mechanism between regional freight hub and transport routes, optimization method is proposed for the layout of the hub based on the line changes, which is leaving some room for layout changes. In order to meet the demand of freight hub level changes, the adjustment method of transport routes optimization is proposed.
4) In the analysis of "point-point" coordination form and layout mechanism, the node-based transport arc capacity constraints and the layout optimization model of node-based transshipment limited freight hub is proposed. On this basis, it discusses the two cases layout optimization of the level improves and reduces. The loop algorithm and examples is proposed.
5) In the basic of transport network density economy, scale economy and scope economy due to the cargo operations organization model optimization, it do the research on the influence mechanism from the operational organization to the freight hub layout. The cost, competition, and crowd elements is consider for building the layout optimization model based on the transport operations organization. Tabu search algorithm is design for model solution and which is applied to specific examples.
From Interaction point of the integrated transport network elements, it improves the layout theories and methods of integrated freight hub, which adapt to the changes in the transport network elements dynamically. It provides a scientific basis for regional freight hub layout and reduces the logistics costs, which is significant in practical.
引文
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