生物结构色机理及仿生构色研究
|
摘要
自然界中许多生物体会产生色彩斑斓的颜色。从显色原理上来说,其颜色一般可分为化学色和物理色。化学色是指通过生物体内所含的色素对光的吸收所引起的颜色；物理色是指光在生物体微结构中产生反射、散射、干涉或衍射所形成的颜色,也称为结构色。由于结构色具有不褪色、环保和虹彩效应等优点,其在显示、装饰、防伪等领域具有广阔的应用前景。对自然界中生物结构色形成机理及其应用进行研究,可以促进仿生结构色加工和微纳米光学技术的发展。
本文主要研究内容及成果如下：
1.结构色能引起不同研究领域科研人员广泛关注,源于在自然界中的结构色与微结构之间的复杂关系。微结构的精确描述及其光学特性分析是一个不断发展和完善的过程。为研究蝴蝶结构色产生机理,本文对三种蝴蝶的鳞片进行结构观测,得到鳞片微观结构的几何参数,并根据微观结构建立结构模型；用时域有限差分法分析鳞片的光学特性,研究结构模型参数对光谱和颜色的影响。S. C. formosana蝴蝶翅膀上闪亮的蓝色是由鳞片表面上脊状结构产生,脊平层与鳞片基底角度较小时,鳞片结构色可用二维塔状结构模型进行分析；当脊平层与鳞片基底角度逐渐增大时,颜色主波长逐渐向短波长移动,亮度逐渐减小。凤蝶P. P. Fabricius和P. lorquinianus鳞翅由上下层两种鳞片组成,鳞翅结构色主要由上层鳞片产生,附着上层鳞片上的脊型结构对结构色基本上没有影响；上层鳞片上的凹坑形状会对颜色产生影响,随着深度逐渐减小,颜色主波长往长波长方向移动,且颜色亮度逐渐增大,当鳞片表面无凹坑时,亮度最大。
2.基于蛋白石结构的胶体晶体在显示和传感等领域有着巨大的应用潜力,研究胶体晶体折射率对比度和晶格间距与带隙参数之间的关系对拓展可变结构色的应用具有重要指导意义。本文制备了紧密排列和非紧密排列的两种胶体晶体,通过改变折射率对比度和间隔间距获得可变结构色。研究表明胶体晶体的反射光谱带宽特性和表面颜色受折射率对比度和晶格距离的影响。胶体晶体的反射光谱峰值移动量与晶格间距的变化量近似成线性关系；在胶体晶体晶格变化量相同的情况下,折射率对比度低的胶体晶体能获得更大的峰值位移。在晶格间距相同的情况下,折射率对比度高的胶体晶体有更大的反射峰半宽和更高的峰值强度。对某一特定折射率对比度的胶体晶体,总存在一个峰值波长使反射峰值强度最大。这些结论也将为基于蛋白石结构响应性光子晶体的应用提供有益参考。
3.显色纤维以其环保性已引起人们的关注。本文通过模仿自然界中微结构,尝试对纤维进行了结构色设计,构造了横截面为蜂窝状海岛型纤维,此种海岛型纤维结构能有效地减小入射光角度对结构色的影响。
Structural color is caused by the interaction of light with minute structures which geometries are on the order of magnitude of visible light wavelengths. It can be found in many creature bodies. Unlike chemical pigment, this type of color has many good properties, such as no fade, no pollution, iridescent. The structural color has widely potential applications in many fields such as display, decoration, anti-counterfeiting techniques. Studying the mechanism of structural color in creatures can not only lead us to understand the color principle but also help us to use this principle for many applications.
1. The structural color has attracted widely attention because of the complicated relationship between the color and microstructure. The description of microstructure and establish of optical model is a continuous developing and improving process. In order to understand mechanism of butterflies, we use SEM and TEM to characterize the dimension of the scale on the butterfly wing and set up corresponding structural models. Using FDTD method, the optical properties of models are calculated and corresponding color are obtained. The colors of structural models affected by some parameters are also studied. The shinning blue on the wing of S.C. formosana mainly comes from the parallel ridges on scales. The titled angle between the scale base and laminas of ridge will affect the structural color. When the angle is not less than 10 degree, the structural color can be calculated from the two-dimensional tower model. When the angel is increased, the dominated wavelength of color will shift to the longer wavelength and brightness of color will increase. The wings of the two Papilio butterflies, P. P. Fabricius and P. lorquinianus, have two kinds of scales, cover scale and ground scale. And their structural colors mainly come from the cover scales. The ridges on the cover scales have little effects on structural color. And shape of concavity on cover scale surface will affect the structural color. When the depth of concavity is increased, the dominated wavelength of color will shift to short wavelength and brightness will become dim.
2. The colloidal crystal with opal structure has great potential applications in many fields. It can exhibit distinct structural colors that resulted from incomplete photonic band gap and tunable color can be obtained by changing the refractive index contrast and lattice distance. Two kinds of colloidal crystals are fabricated and used to realize tunable color by changing lattice distance and refractive index contrast between the particles and the medium among the particles. Through experiment and simulation analysis, the stop band characteristic of colloidal crystal is affected by the refractive index contrast and the lattice distance. The shift of peak position is nearly linear to the lattice distance even if the refractive index contrast is different. Longer tunable color range and narrower bandwidth can be obtained in the colloidal crystal with lower refractive index contrast. Colloidal crystal with lower refractive index contrast has lower reflective intensity. The peak intensity is also related to lattice distance and there is an optimal lattice distance where colloidal crystal can get highest peak intensity. Such an investigation can help us to acquire nice tunable color by changing the stop band characteristic on the colloidal crystal.
3. The structural color is mainly come from the microstructure rather than pigment. Through studying the mechanism of structural color in some creatures, we try to design microstructure in texitle fibres which can produce structural color. The superfine sea-island textile fibre which cross-section shape is like faviform has high quality color and its color is not sensitive to the incident light angle.
本文主要研究内容及成果如下：
1.结构色能引起不同研究领域科研人员广泛关注,源于在自然界中的结构色与微结构之间的复杂关系。微结构的精确描述及其光学特性分析是一个不断发展和完善的过程。为研究蝴蝶结构色产生机理,本文对三种蝴蝶的鳞片进行结构观测,得到鳞片微观结构的几何参数,并根据微观结构建立结构模型；用时域有限差分法分析鳞片的光学特性,研究结构模型参数对光谱和颜色的影响。S. C. formosana蝴蝶翅膀上闪亮的蓝色是由鳞片表面上脊状结构产生,脊平层与鳞片基底角度较小时,鳞片结构色可用二维塔状结构模型进行分析；当脊平层与鳞片基底角度逐渐增大时,颜色主波长逐渐向短波长移动,亮度逐渐减小。凤蝶P. P. Fabricius和P. lorquinianus鳞翅由上下层两种鳞片组成,鳞翅结构色主要由上层鳞片产生,附着上层鳞片上的脊型结构对结构色基本上没有影响；上层鳞片上的凹坑形状会对颜色产生影响,随着深度逐渐减小,颜色主波长往长波长方向移动,且颜色亮度逐渐增大,当鳞片表面无凹坑时,亮度最大。
2.基于蛋白石结构的胶体晶体在显示和传感等领域有着巨大的应用潜力,研究胶体晶体折射率对比度和晶格间距与带隙参数之间的关系对拓展可变结构色的应用具有重要指导意义。本文制备了紧密排列和非紧密排列的两种胶体晶体,通过改变折射率对比度和间隔间距获得可变结构色。研究表明胶体晶体的反射光谱带宽特性和表面颜色受折射率对比度和晶格距离的影响。胶体晶体的反射光谱峰值移动量与晶格间距的变化量近似成线性关系；在胶体晶体晶格变化量相同的情况下,折射率对比度低的胶体晶体能获得更大的峰值位移。在晶格间距相同的情况下,折射率对比度高的胶体晶体有更大的反射峰半宽和更高的峰值强度。对某一特定折射率对比度的胶体晶体,总存在一个峰值波长使反射峰值强度最大。这些结论也将为基于蛋白石结构响应性光子晶体的应用提供有益参考。
3.显色纤维以其环保性已引起人们的关注。本文通过模仿自然界中微结构,尝试对纤维进行了结构色设计,构造了横截面为蜂窝状海岛型纤维,此种海岛型纤维结构能有效地减小入射光角度对结构色的影响。
Structural color is caused by the interaction of light with minute structures which geometries are on the order of magnitude of visible light wavelengths. It can be found in many creature bodies. Unlike chemical pigment, this type of color has many good properties, such as no fade, no pollution, iridescent. The structural color has widely potential applications in many fields such as display, decoration, anti-counterfeiting techniques. Studying the mechanism of structural color in creatures can not only lead us to understand the color principle but also help us to use this principle for many applications.
1. The structural color has attracted widely attention because of the complicated relationship between the color and microstructure. The description of microstructure and establish of optical model is a continuous developing and improving process. In order to understand mechanism of butterflies, we use SEM and TEM to characterize the dimension of the scale on the butterfly wing and set up corresponding structural models. Using FDTD method, the optical properties of models are calculated and corresponding color are obtained. The colors of structural models affected by some parameters are also studied. The shinning blue on the wing of S.C. formosana mainly comes from the parallel ridges on scales. The titled angle between the scale base and laminas of ridge will affect the structural color. When the angle is not less than 10 degree, the structural color can be calculated from the two-dimensional tower model. When the angel is increased, the dominated wavelength of color will shift to the longer wavelength and brightness of color will increase. The wings of the two Papilio butterflies, P. P. Fabricius and P. lorquinianus, have two kinds of scales, cover scale and ground scale. And their structural colors mainly come from the cover scales. The ridges on the cover scales have little effects on structural color. And shape of concavity on cover scale surface will affect the structural color. When the depth of concavity is increased, the dominated wavelength of color will shift to short wavelength and brightness will become dim.
2. The colloidal crystal with opal structure has great potential applications in many fields. It can exhibit distinct structural colors that resulted from incomplete photonic band gap and tunable color can be obtained by changing the refractive index contrast and lattice distance. Two kinds of colloidal crystals are fabricated and used to realize tunable color by changing lattice distance and refractive index contrast between the particles and the medium among the particles. Through experiment and simulation analysis, the stop band characteristic of colloidal crystal is affected by the refractive index contrast and the lattice distance. The shift of peak position is nearly linear to the lattice distance even if the refractive index contrast is different. Longer tunable color range and narrower bandwidth can be obtained in the colloidal crystal with lower refractive index contrast. Colloidal crystal with lower refractive index contrast has lower reflective intensity. The peak intensity is also related to lattice distance and there is an optimal lattice distance where colloidal crystal can get highest peak intensity. Such an investigation can help us to acquire nice tunable color by changing the stop band characteristic on the colloidal crystal.
3. The structural color is mainly come from the microstructure rather than pigment. Through studying the mechanism of structural color in some creatures, we try to design microstructure in texitle fibres which can produce structural color. The superfine sea-island textile fibre which cross-section shape is like faviform has high quality color and its color is not sensitive to the incident light angle.
引文
[1]胡威捷,汤顺青,朱正芳,现代颜色技术原理及应用：北京科文图书业信息技术有限公司,2007.
[2]K. S. Y. S. F. Y.O. N, "Photophysics of Structural Color in the Morpho Butterflies," Forma, vol.17, p.9,2002.
[3]S. Kinoshita and et al., "Physics of structural colors," Reports on Progress in Physics, vol.71, p.076401,2008.
[4]A. R. Parker, "Colour in Burgess Shale animals and the effect of light on evolution in the Cambrian," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B:Biological Sciences, vol. 265, pp.967-972, June 7,1998 1998.
[5]S. Berthier, et al, "Multiscaled polarization effects in <i>Suneve coronata</i> (Lepidoptera) and other insects:application to anti-counterfeiting of banknotes," Applied Physics A.Materials Science & Processing, vol.86, pp.123-130,2007.
[6]S. Kinoshita and S. Yoshioka, "Structural Colors in Nature:The Role of Regularity and Irregularity in the Structure," ChemPhysChem, vol.6, pp.1442-1459,2005.
[7]M. Srinivasarao, "ChemInform Abstract:Nano-Optics in the Biological World:Beetles, Butterflies, Birds, and Moths," Chemlnform, vol.30, pp. no-no,1999.
[8]B. Bhushan, "Biomimetics:lessons from nature-an overview," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.367, pp. 1445-1486,2009.
[9]F. Marlow, et al., "Opals:Status and Prospects," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol.48, pp.6212-6233,2009.
[10]H. Ghiradella, "Light and color on the wing:structural colors in butterflies and moths," Appl. Opt., vol.30, pp.3492-3500,1991.
[11]N.德.普.P.(德)凯择(Kaiser, H.K.)编,刘旭等译,光学干涉薄膜:浙江大学出版社,2008.
[12]A. R. Parker, et al., "Multilayer reflectors in animals using green and gold beetles as contrasting examples," J Exp Biol, vol.201, pp.1307-1313, May 1,1998 1998.
[13]P. Vukusic, et al., "Sculpted-multilayer optical effects in two species of Papilio butterfly," Appl. Opt, vol.40, pp.1116-1125,2001.
[14]J. P. Vigneron, et al., "Natural layer-by-layer photonic structure in the squamae of Hoplia coerulea (Coleoptera)," Physical Review E, vol.72, p.061904,2005.
[15]D. G. Stavenga, et al., "Light on the moth-eye corneal nipple array of butterflies," Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences, vol.273, pp.661-667, March 22, 2006 2006.
[16]R. C. McPhedran, et al., "The Sea Mouse and the Photonic Crystal," Australian Journal of Chemistry, vol.54, pp.241-244,2001.
[17]P. Vukusic and I. Hooper, "Directionally Controlled Fluorescence Emission in Butterflies," Science, vol.310, p.1151, November 18,2005 2005.
[18]A. R. Parker, et al., "Structural colour:Opal analogue discovered in a weevil," Nature, vol. 426, pp.786-787,2003.
[19]H. Noh, et al., "Contribution of double scattering to structural coloration in quasiordered nanostructures of bird feathers," Physical Review E, vol.81, p.051923,2010.
[20]R. O. Prum, et al., "Coherent light scattering by blue feather barbs," Nature, vol.396, pp. 28-29,1998.
[21]A. L. Ingram and A. R. Parker, "A review of the diversity and evolution of photonic structures in butterflies, incorporating the work of John Huxley (The Natural History Museum, London from 1961 to 1990)," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.363, pp.2465-2480, July 27,2008 2008.
[22]P. Vukusic, et al., "Quantified interference and diffraction in single Morpho butterfly scales," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B:Biological Sciences, vol.266, pp. 1403-1411, July 22,1999 1999.
[23]P. Vukusic, et al., "Limited-view iridescence in the butterfly Ancyluris meliboeus," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B:Biological Sciences, vol.269, pp. 7-14, January 7,2002 2002.
[24]”绿带翠凤蝶翅面结构光变色机理的试验研究,”中国科学E辑vol.37,p.6,2007.
[25]P. Vukusic and J. R. Sambles, "Photonic structures in biology," Nature, vol.424, pp.852-855, 2003.
[26]X. Zhao, et al., "Color Fine-Tuning of CNTs@AAO Composite Thin Films via Isotropically Etching Porous AAO Before CNT Growth and Color Modification by Water Infusion," Advanced Materials, vol.22, pp.2637-2641,2010.
[27]T. Kinoshita, et al., "Preparation of a structural color forming system by polypeptide-based LB films," Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:Chemistry, vol.145, pp.101-106, 2001.
[28]H. K. Choi, et al., "Shape and Feature Size Control of Colloidal Crystal-Based Patterns Using Stretched Polydimethylsiloxane Replica Molds," Langmuir, vol.25, pp.12011-12014, 2009.
[29]J. H. Holtz and S. A. Asher, "Polymerized colloidal crystal hydrogel films as intelligent chemical sensing materials," Nature, vol.389, pp.829-832,1997.
[30]F. Carpi and D. De Rossi, "Colours from electroactive polymers:Electrochromic, electroluminescent and laser devices based on organic materials," Optics & Laser Technology, vol.38, pp.292-305.
[31]Z. L. Li, et al., "Analysis of oxide formation induced by UV laser coloration of stainless steel," Applied Surface Science, vol.256, pp.1582-1588,2009.
[32]H. Kim, et al., "Structural colour printing using a magnetically tunable and lithographically fixable photonic crystal," Nat Photon, vol.3, pp.534-540,2009.
[33]Y. Zhang et al., "Image-based hysteresis modeling and compensation for an AFM piezo-scanner," Asian Journal of Control, vol.11, pp.166-174,2009.
[34]A. R. Parker, "Natural photonics for industrial inspiration," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A:Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.367, pp. 1759-1782, May 13,2009 2009.
[35]A. R. Parker and H. E. Townley, "Biomimetics of photonic nanostructures," Nat Nano, vol.2, pp.347-353,2007.
[36]S. Chattopadhyay, et al., "Anti-reflecting and photonic nanostructures," Materials Science and Engineering:R:Reports, vol.69, pp.1-35,2010.
[37]Huang, et al., "Controlled Replication of Butterfly Wings for Achieving Tunable Photonic Properties," Nano Letters, vol.6, pp.2325-2331,2006.
[38]S.-H. Kang, et al., "Replication of butterfly wing microstructures using molding lithography," Current Applied Physics, vol. In Press, Corrected Proof.
[39]A. Saito, et al, "Reproduction of the Morpho blue by nanocasting lithography," 2006, pp. 3248-3251.
[40]K. Watanabe, et al, "Optical measurement and fabrication from a Morpho-butterfly-scale quasistructure by focused ion beam chemical vapor deposition," Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B:Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, vol.23, pp.570-574,2005.
[41]C.-H. Sun, et al, "Broadband moth-eye antireflection coatings on silicon," Applied Physics Letters, vol.92, pp.061112-3,2008.
[42]P. Vukusic, et al., "A biological sub-micron thickness optical broadband reflector characterized using both light and microwaves," Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol. 6, pp. S193-S201, April 6,2009 2009.
[43]H. Lochbihler, "Colored images generated by metallic sub-wavelength gratings," Opt. Express, vol.17, pp.12189-12196,2009.
[44]F. J. Garcia-Vidal, et al, "Multiple Paths to Enhance Optical Transmission through a Single Subwavelength Slit," Physical Review Letters, vol.90, p.213901,2003.
[45]C. H. Gan and G. Gbur, "Extraordinary optical transmission through multi-layered systems of corrugated metallic thin films," Opt. Express, vol. 17, pp.20553-20566,2009.
[46]L. Plattner, "Optical properties of the scales of Morpho rhetenor butterflies:theoretical and experimental investigation of the back-scattering of light in the visible spectrum," Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol.1, pp.49-59, November 22,2004 2004.
[47]L. Nissan Motor Co., Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K., Teijin Limited, " Fiber structure and textile using sames," Japan Patent,1999
[48]M. Kolle, et al, "Mimicking the colourful wing scale structure of the Papilio blumei butterfly," Nat Nano, vol.5, pp.511-515,2010.
[49]X. Guoyong and et al., "The fabrication of subwavelength anti-reflective nanostructures using a bio-template," Nanotechnology, vol.19, p.095605,2008.
[50]S. A. Boden and D. M. Bagnall, "Bio-mimetic subwavelength surface for near-zero reflection sunrise to sunset," in 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, pp. 1358-1361.
[51]L. De Silva, et al, "Natural and Nanoengineered Chiral Reflectors:Structural Color of Manuka Beetles and Titania Coatings," Electromagnetics, vol.25, pp.391-408,2005.
[52]J. H. Moon and S. Yang, "Chemical Aspects of Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals," Chemical Reviews, vol.110, pp.547-574,2009.
[53]Y. A. Vlasov, et al, "On-chip natural assembly of silicon photonic bandgap crystals," Nature, vol.414, pp.289-293,2001.
[54]S. H. Park, et al, "Crystallization of Mesoscale Particles over Large Areas," Advanced Materials, vol.10, pp.1028-1032,1998.
[55]J. G. McGrath, et al, "Self-Assembly of "Paint-On" Colloidal Crystals Using Poly(styrene-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) Spheres," Chemistry of Materials, vol.19, pp. 1584-1591,2007.
[56]Y. Xia, et al, "Monodispersed Colloidal Spheres:Old Materials with New Applications," Advanced Materials, vol.12, pp.693-713,2000.
[57]M. Halbwax, et al., "Micro and nano-structuration of silicon by femtosecond laser: Application to silicon photovoltaic cells fabrication," Thin Solid Films, vol.516, pp. 6791-6795,2008.
[58]A. Y. Vorobyev, et al., "Periodic ordering of random surface nanostructures induced by femtosecond laser pulses on metals," Journal of Applied Physics, vol.101, pp.034903-4, 2007.
[59]A. Y. Vorobyev and C. Guo, "Colorizing metals with femtosecond laser pulses," Applied Physics Letters, vol.92, pp.041914-3,2008.
[60]C. Guo and A. Y. Vorobyev, "Black Metals Produced by Femtosecond Laser Pulses," AIP Conference Proceedings, vol.1278, pp.838-842,2010.
[61]B. Dusser, et al., "Controlled nanostructrures formation by ultra fast laser pulses for color marking," Opt. Express, vol.18, pp.2913-2924,2010.
[62]M. Huang, et al., "Large area uniform nanostructures fabricated by direct femtosecond laser ablation," Opt. Express, vol.16, pp.19354-19365,2008.
[63]S.-H. Cho, et al., "Femtosecond laser embedded grating micromachining of flexible PDMS plates," Optics Communications, vol; 282, pp.1317-1321,2009.
[64]E. Iwase, et al., "The structural-color based on the mechanism of butterfly wing coloring for wide viewing angle reflective display," in Micro Electro Mechanical Systems,2004.17th IEEE International Conference on. (MEMS),2004, pp.105-108.
[65]D. Olivier and et al., "Structurally tuned iridescent surfaces inspired by nature," New Journal of Physics, vol.10, p.013032,2008.
[66]O. Sato, et al., "Structural Color Films with Lotus Effects, Superhydrophilicity, and Tunable Stop-Bands," Accounts of Chemical Research, vol.42, pp.1-10,2008.
[67]E. Graugnard, et al., "Electric-field tuning of the Bragg peak in large-pore TiO_{2} inverse shell opals," Physical Review B, vol.72, p.233105,2005.
[68]姬楠.郭金宝,李睿,纪小妹,魏杰,”可调制光子晶体材料的研究进展和展望,”Information Recording Material, vol.10, p.7,2009.
[69]Y. Ying and S. H. Foulger, "Color characteristics of mechanochromic photonic bandgap composites," Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical, vol.137, pp.574-577,2009.
[70]K. Lee and S. A. Asher, "Photonic Crystal Chemical Sens(?) and Ionic Strength," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.122, pp.9534-9537,2000.
[71]H. Fudouzi and Y. Xia, "Colloidal Crystals with Tunable Colors and Their Use as Photonic Papers," Langmuir, vol.19, pp.9653-9660,2003.
[72]L. Xu, et al., "Electrically Tunable Polypyrrole Inverse Opals with Switchable Stopband, Conductivity, and Wettability," Chemistry of Materials, vol.20, pp.3554-3556,2008.
[73]E. Tian, et al., "Colorful humidity sensitive photonic crystal hydrogel," Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol.18, pp.1116-1122,2008.
[74]X. Hu, et al., "Photonic Ionic Liquids Polymer for Naked-Eye Detection of Anions," Advanced Materials, vol.20, pp.4074-4078,2008.
[75]S. Kubo, et al., "Control of the Optical Properties of Liquid Crystal-Infiltrated Inverse Opal Structures Using Photo Irradiation and/or an Electric Field," Chemistry of Materials, vol.17, pp.2298-2309,2005.
[76]Z.-Z. Gu, et al., "Fabrication of a Metal-Coated Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Film and its Application as a Refractive Index Sensor," Angewandte Chemie, vol.114, pp. 1201-1204,2002.
[77]S.-L. Kuai, et al., "Tunable electrochromic photonic crystals," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 86, pp.221110-221110-3,2005.
[78]Y. Kane, "Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving maxwell's equations in isotropic media," Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, vol.14, pp. 302-307,1966.
[79]葛德彪,电磁波时域有限差分方法 西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[80]B. Gralak, et al., "Morpho butterflies wings color modeled with lamellar grating theory," Opt. Express, vol.9, pp.567-578,2001.
[81]Z. Han, et al., "Microstructure and structural color in wing scales of butterfly <i>Thaumantis diores</i>," Chinese Science Bulletin, vol.54, pp.535-540,2009.
[82]S. Kinoshita, et al., "Mechanisms of structural colour in the Morpho butterfly:cooperation of regularity and irregularity in an iridescent scale," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B:Biological Sciences, vol.269, pp.1417-1421, July 22,2002 2002.
[83]R. T. Lee and G S. Smith, "Detailed electromagnetic simulation for the structural color of butterfly wings," Appl Opt., vol.48, pp.4177-4190,2009.
[84]H. Tada, et al., "Effects of a Butterfly Scale Microstructure on the Iridescent Color Observed at Different Angles," Appl. Opt., vol.37, pp.1579-1584,1998.
[85]P. Vukusic, et al., "Structurally assisted blackness in butterfly scales," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B:Biological Sciences, vol.271, pp. S237-S239, May 7, 2004 2004.
[86]S. Yoshioka, et al., "Coloration using higher order optical interference in the wing pattern of the Madagascan sunset moth," Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol.5, pp.457-464, April 6,2008 2008.
[87]Y. Qin, et al., "Photonic structure in the wings of Papilio bianor ganesa," Chinese Science Bulletin, vol.52, pp.3183-3188,2007.
[88]Y.-Y. Diao and X.-Y. Liu, "Mysterious coloring:structural origin of color mixing for two breeds of Papilio butterflies," Opt. Express, vol.19, pp.9232-9241,2011.
[89]Y. Xia, et al., "Self-Assembly Approaches to Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals," Advanced Materials, vol.13, pp.409-413,2001.
[90]K. Dou, et al., "Spectral study of colloidal photonic crystals," Journal of Luminescence, vol. 102-103, pp.476-480,2003.
[91]V. M. Shelekhina, et al., "Towards 3D photonic crystals," Synthetic Metals, vol.124, pp. 137-139,2001.
[92]Y. W. Chung, et al., "Fabrication and characterization of photonic crystals from colloidal processes," Journal of Crystal Growth, vol.275, pp. e2389-e2394,2005.
[93]L. M. Goldenberg, et al., "Ordered Arrays of Large Latex Particles Organized by Vertical Deposition," Langmuir, vol.18, pp.3319-3323,2002.
[94]K. Liu, et al., "A comparative study of colloidal silica spheres:Photonic crystals versus Bragg's law," Physics Letters, Section A:General, Atomic and Solid State Physics, vol.372, pp.4517-4520,2008.
[95]C. I. Aguirre, et al., "Tunable Colors in Opals and Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals," Advanced Functional Materials, vol.20, pp.2565-2578,2010.
[96]S. Kubo, et al., "Tunable photonic band gap crystals based on a liquid crystal-infiltrated inverse opal structure," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.126, pp.8314-8319, 2004.
[97]J. Wang, et al., "Simple Fabrication of Full Color Colloidal Crystal Films with Tough Mechanical Strength," Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, vol.207, pp.596-604,2006.
[98]M. Moritsugu, et al., "Photoswitching properties of photonic crystals infiltrated with polymer liquid crystals having azobenzene side chain groups with different methylene spacers," Reactive and Functional Polymers, vol.71, pp.30-35,2011.
[99]G. Wu, et al., "Thermoresponsive Inverse Opal Films Fabricated with Liquid-Crystal Elastomers and Nematic Liquid Crystalst," Langmuir, vol.27, pp.1505-1509,2010.
[100]S. Kubo, et al., "Control of the Optical Band Structure of Liquid Crystal Infiltrated Inverse Opal by a Photoinduced Nemati(?)sotropic Phase Transition," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.124, pp.10950-10951,2002.
[101]U. Jeong, et al, "Some New Developments in the Synthesis, Functionalization, and Utilization of Monodisperse Colloidal Spheres," Advanced Functional Materials, vol.15, pp. 1907-1921,2005.
[102]D. Zheng, et al, "Crystallization of colloidal crystal on hydrogel surface," Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol.292, pp.63-68,2007.
[103]M. E. Vlachopoulou, et al, "Effect of surface nanostructuring of PDMS on wetting properties, hydrophobic recovery and protein adsorption," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 86, pp.1321-1324.
[104]G. Pan, et al, "Polarization dependence of crystalline colloidal array diffraction," Journal of Applied Physics, vol.84, pp.83-86,1998.
[105]H. Nakamura and M. Ishii, "Effects of medium composition on optical properties and microstructures of non-close-packed colloidal crystalline arrays," Colloid & amp; Polymer Science, vol.285, pp.833-837,2007.
[106]X. Xu, et al, "Polymerized PolyHEMA Photonic CrystalpH and Ethanol Sensor Materials," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.130, pp.3113-3119,2008.
[107]O. L. Pursiainen, et al, "Nanoparticle-tuned structural color from polymer opals," Opt. Express, vol.15, pp.9553-9561,2007.
[108]H. Guozhi and S. Liguo, "Advance in inverse opal photonic structure," Chemistry Bulletin/ Huaxue Tongbao, vol.72, pp.307-312,2009.
[109]K. Liu, et al, "Experimental determination of the band structure of photonic crystals of colloidal silica spheres," Physics Letters A, vol.373, pp.1885-1890,2009.
[110]H. Fudouzi, "Optical properties caused by periodical array structure with colloidal particles and their applications," Advanced Powder Technology, vol.20, pp.502-508,2009.
[111]D. P. Aryal and et al., "Complete bandgap switching in photonic opals," New Journal of Physics, vol.11, p.073011,2009.
[112]J. Wang and Y. Han, "Tunable multicolor pattern and stop-band shift based on inverse opal hydrogel heterostructure," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.357, pp.139-146, 2011.
[113]H. Fudouzi and T. Sawada, "Photonic Rubber Sheets with Tunable Color by Elastic Deformation," Langmuir, vol.22, pp.1365-1368,2005.
[114]meadowbrook. (2011). Angelina fiber. Available:http://www.meadowbrook.com.hk/WANGY/1-2/8/Angelina%20Fiber.htm
[115]文.方锡江,”功能性纺织品及纳米技术的开发与应用,”纺织科学研究,vol.第3期,p.9,2002.
[116]周.燕,“海岛型纤维——新一代超细纤维的发展,”丝绸,vol.第2期,p.2,2004.
[117]曹.钱晓明,”超细纤维非织造布的生产工艺与应用,”产业用纺织品,vol.3,p.4,2009.
[118]杨蕴敏,”海岛复合超细纤维的纺丝工艺探讨,”合成纤维工业vol.32,p.51,2009.
[119]M. Kitagawa and P. Li, "Physical properties of the inside ligament of the scallop shell," Journal of Materials Science, vol.39, pp.6855-6856,2004.
[120]张刚生,李浩璇,”双壳纲韧带文石纤维的纳米形貌及光学反射特征,”矿物岩石,vol.9,p.5,2008.
[121]张.严俊,张伟钢,汪港,”淡水褶纹冠蚌贝壳韧带结构色的研究,”海南大学学报自然科学版,vol.25,p.5,2007.
[122]J. Zi, et al., "Coloration strategies in peacock feathers," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.100, pp.12576-12578, October 28, 2003 2003.
[123]Y. Li, et al, "Structural origin of the brown color of barbules in male peacock tail feathers," Physical Review E, vol.72, p.010902,2005.
[2]K. S. Y. S. F. Y.O. N, "Photophysics of Structural Color in the Morpho Butterflies," Forma, vol.17, p.9,2002.
[3]S. Kinoshita and et al., "Physics of structural colors," Reports on Progress in Physics, vol.71, p.076401,2008.
[4]A. R. Parker, "Colour in Burgess Shale animals and the effect of light on evolution in the Cambrian," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B:Biological Sciences, vol. 265, pp.967-972, June 7,1998 1998.
[5]S. Berthier, et al, "Multiscaled polarization effects in <i>Suneve coronata</i> (Lepidoptera) and other insects:application to anti-counterfeiting of banknotes," Applied Physics A.Materials Science & Processing, vol.86, pp.123-130,2007.
[6]S. Kinoshita and S. Yoshioka, "Structural Colors in Nature:The Role of Regularity and Irregularity in the Structure," ChemPhysChem, vol.6, pp.1442-1459,2005.
[7]M. Srinivasarao, "ChemInform Abstract:Nano-Optics in the Biological World:Beetles, Butterflies, Birds, and Moths," Chemlnform, vol.30, pp. no-no,1999.
[8]B. Bhushan, "Biomimetics:lessons from nature-an overview," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.367, pp. 1445-1486,2009.
[9]F. Marlow, et al., "Opals:Status and Prospects," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol.48, pp.6212-6233,2009.
[10]H. Ghiradella, "Light and color on the wing:structural colors in butterflies and moths," Appl. Opt., vol.30, pp.3492-3500,1991.
[11]N.德.普.P.(德)凯择(Kaiser, H.K.)编,刘旭等译,光学干涉薄膜:浙江大学出版社,2008.
[12]A. R. Parker, et al., "Multilayer reflectors in animals using green and gold beetles as contrasting examples," J Exp Biol, vol.201, pp.1307-1313, May 1,1998 1998.
[13]P. Vukusic, et al., "Sculpted-multilayer optical effects in two species of Papilio butterfly," Appl. Opt, vol.40, pp.1116-1125,2001.
[14]J. P. Vigneron, et al., "Natural layer-by-layer photonic structure in the squamae of Hoplia coerulea (Coleoptera)," Physical Review E, vol.72, p.061904,2005.
[15]D. G. Stavenga, et al., "Light on the moth-eye corneal nipple array of butterflies," Proceedings of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences, vol.273, pp.661-667, March 22, 2006 2006.
[16]R. C. McPhedran, et al., "The Sea Mouse and the Photonic Crystal," Australian Journal of Chemistry, vol.54, pp.241-244,2001.
[17]P. Vukusic and I. Hooper, "Directionally Controlled Fluorescence Emission in Butterflies," Science, vol.310, p.1151, November 18,2005 2005.
[18]A. R. Parker, et al., "Structural colour:Opal analogue discovered in a weevil," Nature, vol. 426, pp.786-787,2003.
[19]H. Noh, et al., "Contribution of double scattering to structural coloration in quasiordered nanostructures of bird feathers," Physical Review E, vol.81, p.051923,2010.
[20]R. O. Prum, et al., "Coherent light scattering by blue feather barbs," Nature, vol.396, pp. 28-29,1998.
[21]A. L. Ingram and A. R. Parker, "A review of the diversity and evolution of photonic structures in butterflies, incorporating the work of John Huxley (The Natural History Museum, London from 1961 to 1990)," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.363, pp.2465-2480, July 27,2008 2008.
[22]P. Vukusic, et al., "Quantified interference and diffraction in single Morpho butterfly scales," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B:Biological Sciences, vol.266, pp. 1403-1411, July 22,1999 1999.
[23]P. Vukusic, et al., "Limited-view iridescence in the butterfly Ancyluris meliboeus," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B:Biological Sciences, vol.269, pp. 7-14, January 7,2002 2002.
[24]”绿带翠凤蝶翅面结构光变色机理的试验研究,”中国科学E辑vol.37,p.6,2007.
[25]P. Vukusic and J. R. Sambles, "Photonic structures in biology," Nature, vol.424, pp.852-855, 2003.
[26]X. Zhao, et al., "Color Fine-Tuning of CNTs@AAO Composite Thin Films via Isotropically Etching Porous AAO Before CNT Growth and Color Modification by Water Infusion," Advanced Materials, vol.22, pp.2637-2641,2010.
[27]T. Kinoshita, et al., "Preparation of a structural color forming system by polypeptide-based LB films," Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:Chemistry, vol.145, pp.101-106, 2001.
[28]H. K. Choi, et al., "Shape and Feature Size Control of Colloidal Crystal-Based Patterns Using Stretched Polydimethylsiloxane Replica Molds," Langmuir, vol.25, pp.12011-12014, 2009.
[29]J. H. Holtz and S. A. Asher, "Polymerized colloidal crystal hydrogel films as intelligent chemical sensing materials," Nature, vol.389, pp.829-832,1997.
[30]F. Carpi and D. De Rossi, "Colours from electroactive polymers:Electrochromic, electroluminescent and laser devices based on organic materials," Optics & Laser Technology, vol.38, pp.292-305.
[31]Z. L. Li, et al., "Analysis of oxide formation induced by UV laser coloration of stainless steel," Applied Surface Science, vol.256, pp.1582-1588,2009.
[32]H. Kim, et al., "Structural colour printing using a magnetically tunable and lithographically fixable photonic crystal," Nat Photon, vol.3, pp.534-540,2009.
[33]Y. Zhang et al., "Image-based hysteresis modeling and compensation for an AFM piezo-scanner," Asian Journal of Control, vol.11, pp.166-174,2009.
[34]A. R. Parker, "Natural photonics for industrial inspiration," Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A:Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.367, pp. 1759-1782, May 13,2009 2009.
[35]A. R. Parker and H. E. Townley, "Biomimetics of photonic nanostructures," Nat Nano, vol.2, pp.347-353,2007.
[36]S. Chattopadhyay, et al., "Anti-reflecting and photonic nanostructures," Materials Science and Engineering:R:Reports, vol.69, pp.1-35,2010.
[37]Huang, et al., "Controlled Replication of Butterfly Wings for Achieving Tunable Photonic Properties," Nano Letters, vol.6, pp.2325-2331,2006.
[38]S.-H. Kang, et al., "Replication of butterfly wing microstructures using molding lithography," Current Applied Physics, vol. In Press, Corrected Proof.
[39]A. Saito, et al, "Reproduction of the Morpho blue by nanocasting lithography," 2006, pp. 3248-3251.
[40]K. Watanabe, et al, "Optical measurement and fabrication from a Morpho-butterfly-scale quasistructure by focused ion beam chemical vapor deposition," Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B:Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, vol.23, pp.570-574,2005.
[41]C.-H. Sun, et al, "Broadband moth-eye antireflection coatings on silicon," Applied Physics Letters, vol.92, pp.061112-3,2008.
[42]P. Vukusic, et al., "A biological sub-micron thickness optical broadband reflector characterized using both light and microwaves," Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol. 6, pp. S193-S201, April 6,2009 2009.
[43]H. Lochbihler, "Colored images generated by metallic sub-wavelength gratings," Opt. Express, vol.17, pp.12189-12196,2009.
[44]F. J. Garcia-Vidal, et al, "Multiple Paths to Enhance Optical Transmission through a Single Subwavelength Slit," Physical Review Letters, vol.90, p.213901,2003.
[45]C. H. Gan and G. Gbur, "Extraordinary optical transmission through multi-layered systems of corrugated metallic thin films," Opt. Express, vol. 17, pp.20553-20566,2009.
[46]L. Plattner, "Optical properties of the scales of Morpho rhetenor butterflies:theoretical and experimental investigation of the back-scattering of light in the visible spectrum," Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol.1, pp.49-59, November 22,2004 2004.
[47]L. Nissan Motor Co., Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K., Teijin Limited, " Fiber structure and textile using sames," Japan Patent,1999
[48]M. Kolle, et al, "Mimicking the colourful wing scale structure of the Papilio blumei butterfly," Nat Nano, vol.5, pp.511-515,2010.
[49]X. Guoyong and et al., "The fabrication of subwavelength anti-reflective nanostructures using a bio-template," Nanotechnology, vol.19, p.095605,2008.
[50]S. A. Boden and D. M. Bagnall, "Bio-mimetic subwavelength surface for near-zero reflection sunrise to sunset," in 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, pp. 1358-1361.
[51]L. De Silva, et al, "Natural and Nanoengineered Chiral Reflectors:Structural Color of Manuka Beetles and Titania Coatings," Electromagnetics, vol.25, pp.391-408,2005.
[52]J. H. Moon and S. Yang, "Chemical Aspects of Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals," Chemical Reviews, vol.110, pp.547-574,2009.
[53]Y. A. Vlasov, et al, "On-chip natural assembly of silicon photonic bandgap crystals," Nature, vol.414, pp.289-293,2001.
[54]S. H. Park, et al, "Crystallization of Mesoscale Particles over Large Areas," Advanced Materials, vol.10, pp.1028-1032,1998.
[55]J. G. McGrath, et al, "Self-Assembly of "Paint-On" Colloidal Crystals Using Poly(styrene-co-N-isopropylacrylamide) Spheres," Chemistry of Materials, vol.19, pp. 1584-1591,2007.
[56]Y. Xia, et al, "Monodispersed Colloidal Spheres:Old Materials with New Applications," Advanced Materials, vol.12, pp.693-713,2000.
[57]M. Halbwax, et al., "Micro and nano-structuration of silicon by femtosecond laser: Application to silicon photovoltaic cells fabrication," Thin Solid Films, vol.516, pp. 6791-6795,2008.
[58]A. Y. Vorobyev, et al., "Periodic ordering of random surface nanostructures induced by femtosecond laser pulses on metals," Journal of Applied Physics, vol.101, pp.034903-4, 2007.
[59]A. Y. Vorobyev and C. Guo, "Colorizing metals with femtosecond laser pulses," Applied Physics Letters, vol.92, pp.041914-3,2008.
[60]C. Guo and A. Y. Vorobyev, "Black Metals Produced by Femtosecond Laser Pulses," AIP Conference Proceedings, vol.1278, pp.838-842,2010.
[61]B. Dusser, et al., "Controlled nanostructrures formation by ultra fast laser pulses for color marking," Opt. Express, vol.18, pp.2913-2924,2010.
[62]M. Huang, et al., "Large area uniform nanostructures fabricated by direct femtosecond laser ablation," Opt. Express, vol.16, pp.19354-19365,2008.
[63]S.-H. Cho, et al., "Femtosecond laser embedded grating micromachining of flexible PDMS plates," Optics Communications, vol; 282, pp.1317-1321,2009.
[64]E. Iwase, et al., "The structural-color based on the mechanism of butterfly wing coloring for wide viewing angle reflective display," in Micro Electro Mechanical Systems,2004.17th IEEE International Conference on. (MEMS),2004, pp.105-108.
[65]D. Olivier and et al., "Structurally tuned iridescent surfaces inspired by nature," New Journal of Physics, vol.10, p.013032,2008.
[66]O. Sato, et al., "Structural Color Films with Lotus Effects, Superhydrophilicity, and Tunable Stop-Bands," Accounts of Chemical Research, vol.42, pp.1-10,2008.
[67]E. Graugnard, et al., "Electric-field tuning of the Bragg peak in large-pore TiO_{2} inverse shell opals," Physical Review B, vol.72, p.233105,2005.
[68]姬楠.郭金宝,李睿,纪小妹,魏杰,”可调制光子晶体材料的研究进展和展望,”Information Recording Material, vol.10, p.7,2009.
[69]Y. Ying and S. H. Foulger, "Color characteristics of mechanochromic photonic bandgap composites," Sensors and Actuators B:Chemical, vol.137, pp.574-577,2009.
[70]K. Lee and S. A. Asher, "Photonic Crystal Chemical Sens(?) and Ionic Strength," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.122, pp.9534-9537,2000.
[71]H. Fudouzi and Y. Xia, "Colloidal Crystals with Tunable Colors and Their Use as Photonic Papers," Langmuir, vol.19, pp.9653-9660,2003.
[72]L. Xu, et al., "Electrically Tunable Polypyrrole Inverse Opals with Switchable Stopband, Conductivity, and Wettability," Chemistry of Materials, vol.20, pp.3554-3556,2008.
[73]E. Tian, et al., "Colorful humidity sensitive photonic crystal hydrogel," Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol.18, pp.1116-1122,2008.
[74]X. Hu, et al., "Photonic Ionic Liquids Polymer for Naked-Eye Detection of Anions," Advanced Materials, vol.20, pp.4074-4078,2008.
[75]S. Kubo, et al., "Control of the Optical Properties of Liquid Crystal-Infiltrated Inverse Opal Structures Using Photo Irradiation and/or an Electric Field," Chemistry of Materials, vol.17, pp.2298-2309,2005.
[76]Z.-Z. Gu, et al., "Fabrication of a Metal-Coated Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Film and its Application as a Refractive Index Sensor," Angewandte Chemie, vol.114, pp. 1201-1204,2002.
[77]S.-L. Kuai, et al., "Tunable electrochromic photonic crystals," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 86, pp.221110-221110-3,2005.
[78]Y. Kane, "Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving maxwell's equations in isotropic media," Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, vol.14, pp. 302-307,1966.
[79]葛德彪,电磁波时域有限差分方法 西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[80]B. Gralak, et al., "Morpho butterflies wings color modeled with lamellar grating theory," Opt. Express, vol.9, pp.567-578,2001.
[81]Z. Han, et al., "Microstructure and structural color in wing scales of butterfly <i>Thaumantis diores</i>," Chinese Science Bulletin, vol.54, pp.535-540,2009.
[82]S. Kinoshita, et al., "Mechanisms of structural colour in the Morpho butterfly:cooperation of regularity and irregularity in an iridescent scale," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B:Biological Sciences, vol.269, pp.1417-1421, July 22,2002 2002.
[83]R. T. Lee and G S. Smith, "Detailed electromagnetic simulation for the structural color of butterfly wings," Appl Opt., vol.48, pp.4177-4190,2009.
[84]H. Tada, et al., "Effects of a Butterfly Scale Microstructure on the Iridescent Color Observed at Different Angles," Appl. Opt., vol.37, pp.1579-1584,1998.
[85]P. Vukusic, et al., "Structurally assisted blackness in butterfly scales," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B:Biological Sciences, vol.271, pp. S237-S239, May 7, 2004 2004.
[86]S. Yoshioka, et al., "Coloration using higher order optical interference in the wing pattern of the Madagascan sunset moth," Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol.5, pp.457-464, April 6,2008 2008.
[87]Y. Qin, et al., "Photonic structure in the wings of Papilio bianor ganesa," Chinese Science Bulletin, vol.52, pp.3183-3188,2007.
[88]Y.-Y. Diao and X.-Y. Liu, "Mysterious coloring:structural origin of color mixing for two breeds of Papilio butterflies," Opt. Express, vol.19, pp.9232-9241,2011.
[89]Y. Xia, et al., "Self-Assembly Approaches to Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals," Advanced Materials, vol.13, pp.409-413,2001.
[90]K. Dou, et al., "Spectral study of colloidal photonic crystals," Journal of Luminescence, vol. 102-103, pp.476-480,2003.
[91]V. M. Shelekhina, et al., "Towards 3D photonic crystals," Synthetic Metals, vol.124, pp. 137-139,2001.
[92]Y. W. Chung, et al., "Fabrication and characterization of photonic crystals from colloidal processes," Journal of Crystal Growth, vol.275, pp. e2389-e2394,2005.
[93]L. M. Goldenberg, et al., "Ordered Arrays of Large Latex Particles Organized by Vertical Deposition," Langmuir, vol.18, pp.3319-3323,2002.
[94]K. Liu, et al., "A comparative study of colloidal silica spheres:Photonic crystals versus Bragg's law," Physics Letters, Section A:General, Atomic and Solid State Physics, vol.372, pp.4517-4520,2008.
[95]C. I. Aguirre, et al., "Tunable Colors in Opals and Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals," Advanced Functional Materials, vol.20, pp.2565-2578,2010.
[96]S. Kubo, et al., "Tunable photonic band gap crystals based on a liquid crystal-infiltrated inverse opal structure," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.126, pp.8314-8319, 2004.
[97]J. Wang, et al., "Simple Fabrication of Full Color Colloidal Crystal Films with Tough Mechanical Strength," Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, vol.207, pp.596-604,2006.
[98]M. Moritsugu, et al., "Photoswitching properties of photonic crystals infiltrated with polymer liquid crystals having azobenzene side chain groups with different methylene spacers," Reactive and Functional Polymers, vol.71, pp.30-35,2011.
[99]G. Wu, et al., "Thermoresponsive Inverse Opal Films Fabricated with Liquid-Crystal Elastomers and Nematic Liquid Crystalst," Langmuir, vol.27, pp.1505-1509,2010.
[100]S. Kubo, et al., "Control of the Optical Band Structure of Liquid Crystal Infiltrated Inverse Opal by a Photoinduced Nemati(?)sotropic Phase Transition," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.124, pp.10950-10951,2002.
[101]U. Jeong, et al, "Some New Developments in the Synthesis, Functionalization, and Utilization of Monodisperse Colloidal Spheres," Advanced Functional Materials, vol.15, pp. 1907-1921,2005.
[102]D. Zheng, et al, "Crystallization of colloidal crystal on hydrogel surface," Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol.292, pp.63-68,2007.
[103]M. E. Vlachopoulou, et al, "Effect of surface nanostructuring of PDMS on wetting properties, hydrophobic recovery and protein adsorption," Microelectronic Engineering, vol. 86, pp.1321-1324.
[104]G. Pan, et al, "Polarization dependence of crystalline colloidal array diffraction," Journal of Applied Physics, vol.84, pp.83-86,1998.
[105]H. Nakamura and M. Ishii, "Effects of medium composition on optical properties and microstructures of non-close-packed colloidal crystalline arrays," Colloid & amp; Polymer Science, vol.285, pp.833-837,2007.
[106]X. Xu, et al, "Polymerized PolyHEMA Photonic CrystalpH and Ethanol Sensor Materials," Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.130, pp.3113-3119,2008.
[107]O. L. Pursiainen, et al, "Nanoparticle-tuned structural color from polymer opals," Opt. Express, vol.15, pp.9553-9561,2007.
[108]H. Guozhi and S. Liguo, "Advance in inverse opal photonic structure," Chemistry Bulletin/ Huaxue Tongbao, vol.72, pp.307-312,2009.
[109]K. Liu, et al, "Experimental determination of the band structure of photonic crystals of colloidal silica spheres," Physics Letters A, vol.373, pp.1885-1890,2009.
[110]H. Fudouzi, "Optical properties caused by periodical array structure with colloidal particles and their applications," Advanced Powder Technology, vol.20, pp.502-508,2009.
[111]D. P. Aryal and et al., "Complete bandgap switching in photonic opals," New Journal of Physics, vol.11, p.073011,2009.
[112]J. Wang and Y. Han, "Tunable multicolor pattern and stop-band shift based on inverse opal hydrogel heterostructure," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.357, pp.139-146, 2011.
[113]H. Fudouzi and T. Sawada, "Photonic Rubber Sheets with Tunable Color by Elastic Deformation," Langmuir, vol.22, pp.1365-1368,2005.
[114]meadowbrook. (2011). Angelina fiber. Available:http://www.meadowbrook.com.hk/WANGY/1-2/8/Angelina%20Fiber.htm
[115]文.方锡江,”功能性纺织品及纳米技术的开发与应用,”纺织科学研究,vol.第3期,p.9,2002.
[116]周.燕,“海岛型纤维——新一代超细纤维的发展,”丝绸,vol.第2期,p.2,2004.
[117]曹.钱晓明,”超细纤维非织造布的生产工艺与应用,”产业用纺织品,vol.3,p.4,2009.
[118]杨蕴敏,”海岛复合超细纤维的纺丝工艺探讨,”合成纤维工业vol.32,p.51,2009.
[119]M. Kitagawa and P. Li, "Physical properties of the inside ligament of the scallop shell," Journal of Materials Science, vol.39, pp.6855-6856,2004.
[120]张刚生,李浩璇,”双壳纲韧带文石纤维的纳米形貌及光学反射特征,”矿物岩石,vol.9,p.5,2008.
[121]张.严俊,张伟钢,汪港,”淡水褶纹冠蚌贝壳韧带结构色的研究,”海南大学学报自然科学版,vol.25,p.5,2007.
[122]J. Zi, et al., "Coloration strategies in peacock feathers," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.100, pp.12576-12578, October 28, 2003 2003.
[123]Y. Li, et al, "Structural origin of the brown color of barbules in male peacock tail feathers," Physical Review E, vol.72, p.010902,2005.