湖南蝇茧蜂亚科种间系统关系与分类研究（膜翅目：茧蜂科：蝇茧蜂亚科）
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摘要
本文对湖南地区蝇茧蜂亚科进行了系统分类研究,并对部分种类的种间系统发育关系进行了初步探索。论文包括总论、种间系统发育关系和分类研究三个部分。
总论部分回顾了蝇茧蜂亚科的分类历史与沿革,给出了形态特征图,概述了蝇茧蜂研究概况,生物学和生态学特性,揭示了本文研究的目的和意义。
系统发育部分测定了分布于中国和欧洲的蝇茧蜂亚科Opiinae13属28种16SrRNA,28SrDNA(?)]COI基因的部分序列,以Colastes braconius Haliday为外群,采用PAUP4.0和Mrbayes3.2,通过邻接法(NJ)、最大简约法(MP)和贝叶斯法(ML)建立了分子系统树,分析结果比较清晰显示了的13属30种的系统发生关系,支持Van Achterberg (1997)的观点,将普蝇茧蜂属Xynobius Foerster,1862,纽蝇茧蜂属Apodesmia和亮蝇茧蜂属Phaedrotoma Foerster,1862从潜蝇茧蜂属Opius中分离出来；结果表明普蝇茧蜂属Xynobius,类鞘腹蝇茧蜂属Coleopioides,费氏蝇茧蜂属Fopius和掠茧蜂属Biosteres四者的在系统发育上亲缘关系相近；支持虻蝇茧蜂属Rhogadopsis从潜蝇茧蜂属Opius分离出来；基于COI结果显示纽茧蜂属Apodesmia颚蝇茧蜂属Opiognathus,脊室蝇茧蜂Areotetes和脊胫茧蜂属Utete三属在系统树中位置各自分开；基于16S结果表明纽茧蜂(亚)属Apodesmia和颚蝇茧蜂(亚)属Opiognathus亲缘关系较近；基于COI结果表明小脊室蝇茧蜂Areotetes carinuliferus sp. nov., Utetes testaceus (Wesmael),斜脊虻蝇茧蜂Rhogadopsis obliqua sp. nov.为单系。
分类部分中,报道湖南省蝇茧蜂15属44种,其中包括2个新属：脊室蝇茧蜂属Areotetes van Achterberg&Li, gen. nov.和类鞘腹蝇茧蜂属Coleopioides van Achterberg&Li, gen. nov;38个新种：褐唇纽蝇茧蜂Apodesmia bruniclypealis sp.nov.,黄褐唇纽蝇茧蜂Apodesmia melliclypealis sp. nov.,白颚脊室蝇茧蜂Areotetes albiferus sp. nov.,小脊室蝇茧蜂Areotetes carinuliferus sp. nov.,纵纹脊室蝇茧蜂Areotetes striatiferus sp. nov.,异纹类鞘腹蝇茧蜂Coleopioides diversinotum sp. nov.,横脊类鞘腹蝇茧蜂Coleopioides postpectalis sp. nov,背凹费氏蝇茧蜂Fopius dorsopiferus sp. nov.,陈氏印度蝇茧蜂Indiopius chenae sp.nov；浅痕颚蝇茧蜂Opiognathus aulaciferus sp. nov.,宽基颚蝇茧蜂Opiognathus brevibasalis sp. nov,斜纹潜蝇茧蜂Opius crenuliferus sp. nov.,深沟潜蝇茧蜂Opius malarator sp. nov.,细须潜蝇茧蜂Opius monilipalpis sp. nov.,厚腿潜蝇茧蜂Opius pachymerus sp. nov.,宋氏潜蝇茧蜂Opius songi sp. nov.,游氏潜蝇茧蜂Opius youi sp. nov.,曾氏潜蝇茧蜂Opius zengi sp. nov.,刻点东方蝇茧蜂Orientopius punctatus van Achterberg&Li,2012尖唇亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma acuticlypealis sp. nov.,窄唇亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma angiclypeata sp. nov.,前叉亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma antenervalis sp. nov.,凹亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma depressa sp. nov.,窄凹唇亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma depressiclypealis sp. nov.,黄体亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma flavisoma sp. nov.,黑体亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma nigrisoma sp. nov.,凸唇亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma protuberator sp. nov.,细纹亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma rugulifera sp. nov.,平唇亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma semiplanata sp. nov.,纵纹亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma striatinota sp. nov.,(?)(?)纹亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma vermiculifera sp. nov.,宽翅虻蝇茧蜂Rhogadopsis latipennis sp. nov.,长尾虻蝇茧蜂Rhogadopsis longicaudifera sp. nov.,斑翅虻蝇茧蜂Rhogadopsis maculosa sp. nov.,斜脊虻蝇茧蜂Rhogadopsis obliqua sp. nov.,刻纹虻蝇茧蜂Rhogadopsis sculpturator sp. nov.,长脊胫蝇茧蜂Utetes longicarinatus sp. nov.,纵沟普蝇茧蜂Xynobius notauliferus sp. nov.;1个中国新纪录种：金穴蝇茧蜂,新组合Opiostomus aureliae (Fischer,1957) comb, nov.;1个中国大陆(中国台湾有分布)新记录种：斑翅普蝇茧蜂,新组合Xynobius maculipennis (Enderlein,1912) comb, nov.;4个湖南新纪录种：宽沟潜蝇茧蜂Biosteres pavititus Chen&Weng,2005.长尾全裂蝇茧蜂Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead,1905),革质亮蝇茧蜂,新组合Phaedrotoma terga (Chen&Weng,2005) comb. nov,纵脊虻蝇茧蜂,新组合Rhogadopsis longuria (Chen&Weng,2005) comb. nov.。简要记述了蝇茧蜂亚科各属形态特征,生物学特性,编制了分属及种类检索表,对新种进行了详细描述并配有新种的特征图334幅。
This dissertation focuses on the descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species from Hunan. It mainly includes three parts:the summary section, phylogenic section and taxonomic section.
Summary section reviewed the taxonomical history and research innovation of Opiinae, exhibited the morphological traits (adult), summarized the academic situation of Opiinae research and biological attributes of Opiinae, outlined the purpose and signifigance of this field.
In the phylogenetic section, the fragments of16SrRNA,28SrDNA and COI gene of28species in13genera in the subfamily Opiinae which collected from China and Europe, were amplified and sequenced. Based on PAUP4.0and Mrbayes3.2and used Colastes braconius Haliday as a outgroup, phylogenetic trees of these Opiinae groups were constructed with neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and Bayesina inference methods. The results supported the opinion of Van Achterberg (1997) and showed the generus of Xynobius, Apodesmia and Phaedrotoma (formerly included in the genus) well separated from the genus Opius s. s.. The genus Xynobius, Coleopioides, Fopius andBiosteres are closely related. The genus Rhogadopsis is separated from the genus Opius s. s. Based on the result of COI, the genus Apodesmia,Opiognathus,Utete and Areotetes are separated each other. The (sub) genus podesmia is closely related to Opiognathus (16S). The species Areotetes carinuliferus sp. nov., Utetes testaceus (Wesmael) and Rhogadopsis obliqua sp. nov. is a monophyletic group.
In the taxonomy section,15gernera and44species of the subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) from Hunan are revised and illustrated. Including2new genera:Areotetes van Achterberg&Li, gen. nov. and Areotetes van Achterberg&Li, gen. nov.. Thirty-eight new species are described:Apodesmia bruniclypealis sp. n., A. melliclypealis sp. n., Areotetes albiferus sp. n., Areotetes carinuliferus sp. n., A. striatiferus sp. n., Coleopioides diversinotum sp. n., C. postpectalis sp. n., Fopius dorsopiferus sp. n., Indiopius chenae sp. n., Opiognathus aulaciferus sp. n., O. brevibasalis sp. n., Opius crenuliferus sp. n., O. malarator sp. n., O. monilipalpis sp. n., O. pachymerus sp. n.,O. songi sp. n., O. youi sp. n., O. zengi sp. n., Orientopius punctatus van Achterberg&Li,2012, P haedrotoma acuticlypealis sp. n., P. angiclypeata sp. n., P. antenervalis sp. n., P. depressa sp. n., P. depressiclypealis sp. n., P. flavisoma sp. n., P. nigrisoma sp. n., P. protuberator sp. n., P. rugulifera sp. n., P. semiplanata sp. n., P. striatinota sp. n., P. vermiculifera sp. n., Rhogadopsis latipennis sp. n., R. longicaudifera sp. n., R. maculosa sp. n., R. obliqua sp. n., R. sculpturator sp. n., Utetes longicarinatus sp. n. and Xynobius notaidiferus sp. n. Opiostomus aureliae (Fischer,1957) comb. nov. is new for China. Xynobius maculipennis (Enderlein,1912) comb. nov. is new for continental China. Biosteres pavititus Chen&Weng,2005, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead,1905), Phaedrotoma terga (Chen&Weng,2005) comb, nov and Rhogadopsis longuria (Chen&Weng,2005) comb. nov. are reported new for Hunan. In addition, the morphological and bilogical characters of the15genera were briefly discribed, and their searching table in genus and species level was drawed, besides,38new species were systematically discribed and334photographs were taken to support the description.
总论部分回顾了蝇茧蜂亚科的分类历史与沿革,给出了形态特征图,概述了蝇茧蜂研究概况,生物学和生态学特性,揭示了本文研究的目的和意义。
系统发育部分测定了分布于中国和欧洲的蝇茧蜂亚科Opiinae13属28种16SrRNA,28SrDNA(?)]COI基因的部分序列,以Colastes braconius Haliday为外群,采用PAUP4.0和Mrbayes3.2,通过邻接法(NJ)、最大简约法(MP)和贝叶斯法(ML)建立了分子系统树,分析结果比较清晰显示了的13属30种的系统发生关系,支持Van Achterberg (1997)的观点,将普蝇茧蜂属Xynobius Foerster,1862,纽蝇茧蜂属Apodesmia和亮蝇茧蜂属Phaedrotoma Foerster,1862从潜蝇茧蜂属Opius中分离出来；结果表明普蝇茧蜂属Xynobius,类鞘腹蝇茧蜂属Coleopioides,费氏蝇茧蜂属Fopius和掠茧蜂属Biosteres四者的在系统发育上亲缘关系相近；支持虻蝇茧蜂属Rhogadopsis从潜蝇茧蜂属Opius分离出来；基于COI结果显示纽茧蜂属Apodesmia颚蝇茧蜂属Opiognathus,脊室蝇茧蜂Areotetes和脊胫茧蜂属Utete三属在系统树中位置各自分开；基于16S结果表明纽茧蜂(亚)属Apodesmia和颚蝇茧蜂(亚)属Opiognathus亲缘关系较近；基于COI结果表明小脊室蝇茧蜂Areotetes carinuliferus sp. nov., Utetes testaceus (Wesmael),斜脊虻蝇茧蜂Rhogadopsis obliqua sp. nov.为单系。
分类部分中,报道湖南省蝇茧蜂15属44种,其中包括2个新属：脊室蝇茧蜂属Areotetes van Achterberg&Li, gen. nov.和类鞘腹蝇茧蜂属Coleopioides van Achterberg&Li, gen. nov;38个新种：褐唇纽蝇茧蜂Apodesmia bruniclypealis sp.nov.,黄褐唇纽蝇茧蜂Apodesmia melliclypealis sp. nov.,白颚脊室蝇茧蜂Areotetes albiferus sp. nov.,小脊室蝇茧蜂Areotetes carinuliferus sp. nov.,纵纹脊室蝇茧蜂Areotetes striatiferus sp. nov.,异纹类鞘腹蝇茧蜂Coleopioides diversinotum sp. nov.,横脊类鞘腹蝇茧蜂Coleopioides postpectalis sp. nov,背凹费氏蝇茧蜂Fopius dorsopiferus sp. nov.,陈氏印度蝇茧蜂Indiopius chenae sp.nov；浅痕颚蝇茧蜂Opiognathus aulaciferus sp. nov.,宽基颚蝇茧蜂Opiognathus brevibasalis sp. nov,斜纹潜蝇茧蜂Opius crenuliferus sp. nov.,深沟潜蝇茧蜂Opius malarator sp. nov.,细须潜蝇茧蜂Opius monilipalpis sp. nov.,厚腿潜蝇茧蜂Opius pachymerus sp. nov.,宋氏潜蝇茧蜂Opius songi sp. nov.,游氏潜蝇茧蜂Opius youi sp. nov.,曾氏潜蝇茧蜂Opius zengi sp. nov.,刻点东方蝇茧蜂Orientopius punctatus van Achterberg&Li,2012尖唇亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma acuticlypealis sp. nov.,窄唇亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma angiclypeata sp. nov.,前叉亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma antenervalis sp. nov.,凹亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma depressa sp. nov.,窄凹唇亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma depressiclypealis sp. nov.,黄体亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma flavisoma sp. nov.,黑体亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma nigrisoma sp. nov.,凸唇亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma protuberator sp. nov.,细纹亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma rugulifera sp. nov.,平唇亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma semiplanata sp. nov.,纵纹亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma striatinota sp. nov.,(?)(?)纹亮蝇茧蜂Phaedrotoma vermiculifera sp. nov.,宽翅虻蝇茧蜂Rhogadopsis latipennis sp. nov.,长尾虻蝇茧蜂Rhogadopsis longicaudifera sp. nov.,斑翅虻蝇茧蜂Rhogadopsis maculosa sp. nov.,斜脊虻蝇茧蜂Rhogadopsis obliqua sp. nov.,刻纹虻蝇茧蜂Rhogadopsis sculpturator sp. nov.,长脊胫蝇茧蜂Utetes longicarinatus sp. nov.,纵沟普蝇茧蜂Xynobius notauliferus sp. nov.;1个中国新纪录种：金穴蝇茧蜂,新组合Opiostomus aureliae (Fischer,1957) comb, nov.;1个中国大陆(中国台湾有分布)新记录种：斑翅普蝇茧蜂,新组合Xynobius maculipennis (Enderlein,1912) comb, nov.;4个湖南新纪录种：宽沟潜蝇茧蜂Biosteres pavititus Chen&Weng,2005.长尾全裂蝇茧蜂Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead,1905),革质亮蝇茧蜂,新组合Phaedrotoma terga (Chen&Weng,2005) comb. nov,纵脊虻蝇茧蜂,新组合Rhogadopsis longuria (Chen&Weng,2005) comb. nov.。简要记述了蝇茧蜂亚科各属形态特征,生物学特性,编制了分属及种类检索表,对新种进行了详细描述并配有新种的特征图334幅。
This dissertation focuses on the descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species from Hunan. It mainly includes three parts:the summary section, phylogenic section and taxonomic section.
Summary section reviewed the taxonomical history and research innovation of Opiinae, exhibited the morphological traits (adult), summarized the academic situation of Opiinae research and biological attributes of Opiinae, outlined the purpose and signifigance of this field.
In the phylogenetic section, the fragments of16SrRNA,28SrDNA and COI gene of28species in13genera in the subfamily Opiinae which collected from China and Europe, were amplified and sequenced. Based on PAUP4.0and Mrbayes3.2and used Colastes braconius Haliday as a outgroup, phylogenetic trees of these Opiinae groups were constructed with neighbor joining, maximum parsimony, and Bayesina inference methods. The results supported the opinion of Van Achterberg (1997) and showed the generus of Xynobius, Apodesmia and Phaedrotoma (formerly included in the genus) well separated from the genus Opius s. s.. The genus Xynobius, Coleopioides, Fopius andBiosteres are closely related. The genus Rhogadopsis is separated from the genus Opius s. s. Based on the result of COI, the genus Apodesmia,Opiognathus,Utete and Areotetes are separated each other. The (sub) genus podesmia is closely related to Opiognathus (16S). The species Areotetes carinuliferus sp. nov., Utetes testaceus (Wesmael) and Rhogadopsis obliqua sp. nov. is a monophyletic group.
In the taxonomy section,15gernera and44species of the subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) from Hunan are revised and illustrated. Including2new genera:Areotetes van Achterberg&Li, gen. nov. and Areotetes van Achterberg&Li, gen. nov.. Thirty-eight new species are described:Apodesmia bruniclypealis sp. n., A. melliclypealis sp. n., Areotetes albiferus sp. n., Areotetes carinuliferus sp. n., A. striatiferus sp. n., Coleopioides diversinotum sp. n., C. postpectalis sp. n., Fopius dorsopiferus sp. n., Indiopius chenae sp. n., Opiognathus aulaciferus sp. n., O. brevibasalis sp. n., Opius crenuliferus sp. n., O. malarator sp. n., O. monilipalpis sp. n., O. pachymerus sp. n.,O. songi sp. n., O. youi sp. n., O. zengi sp. n., Orientopius punctatus van Achterberg&Li,2012, P haedrotoma acuticlypealis sp. n., P. angiclypeata sp. n., P. antenervalis sp. n., P. depressa sp. n., P. depressiclypealis sp. n., P. flavisoma sp. n., P. nigrisoma sp. n., P. protuberator sp. n., P. rugulifera sp. n., P. semiplanata sp. n., P. striatinota sp. n., P. vermiculifera sp. n., Rhogadopsis latipennis sp. n., R. longicaudifera sp. n., R. maculosa sp. n., R. obliqua sp. n., R. sculpturator sp. n., Utetes longicarinatus sp. n. and Xynobius notaidiferus sp. n. Opiostomus aureliae (Fischer,1957) comb. nov. is new for China. Xynobius maculipennis (Enderlein,1912) comb. nov. is new for continental China. Biosteres pavititus Chen&Weng,2005, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead,1905), Phaedrotoma terga (Chen&Weng,2005) comb, nov and Rhogadopsis longuria (Chen&Weng,2005) comb. nov. are reported new for Hunan. In addition, the morphological and bilogical characters of the15genera were briefly discribed, and their searching table in genus and species level was drawed, besides,38new species were systematically discribed and334photographs were taken to support the description.
引文
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