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膨化肉粉对鸡的营养价值评定
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摘要
本论文由三个试验组成,即营养成分分析、鸡的代谢试验、饲养试验,目的是从这
    几方面对膨化肉粉的营养价值进行评定,为合理利用膨化肉粉、充分开发本饲料资源提
    供理论依据。
     试验一:采用常规分析及纯养分分析分别测定了膨化肉粉的常规营养成分、氨基酸
    含量及蛋白质溶解度,并进一步确定了其限制性氨基酸。其各常规成分含量为:干物质
    (90.60±0.04)%,粗蛋白质(65.24±1.22)%,粗灰分(19.20±0.50)%,粗脂肪(5.82
    ±0.35)%,钙(5.47±0.03)%,总磷(0.17±0.06)%,总能(16.34±0.38)MJ/kg,
    蛋白质溶解度(3.16±0.52)%,膨化肉粉属高蛋白质饲料原料,值得进一步评定其营
    养价值;其总氨基酸含量为 41.44%,几种主要限制性氨基酸含量为:赖氨酸 1.93%,蛋
    氨酸 0.66%,胱氨酸 0.10%,苏氨酸 1.14%,其精氨酸含量稍高于鱼粉,为鱼粉的 1.02
    倍,天冬氨酸与缬氨酸含量分别为鱼粉的 1.57 倍和 1.65 倍,分别比鱼粉高 57.3%和
    65.3%,其余氨基酸含量均低于鱼粉,总体来说,除个别氨基酸外,膨化肉粉的氨基酸
    含量较低,但其氨基酸平衡性较好;膨化肉粉对高产蛋鸡来说,第一限制性氨基酸为含
    硫氨基酸,第二限制性氨基酸为异亮氨酸,第三限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸。
     试验二:选用体重 1.9~2.0Kg 采食正常、无怪癖的海兰蛋公鸡 6 只和体重 1.7~
    1.8Kg 采食正常、无怪癖、产蛋率 85%左右的尼克—T 蛋母鸡 6 只,采用消化率的传统套
    算法测定了膨化肉粉分别对公、母鸡各常规养分表观代谢率及氨基酸表观代谢率,进而
    算出部分指标可利用养分含量,包括代谢能的推算。公母鸡对膨化肉粉的干物质、粗蛋
    白、钙、磷及能量代谢率分别为:(62.45±2.19)%和(61.65±6.37)%、(36.65±4.34)
    %和(32.90±1.84)%、(38.9±2.01)%和(40.38±11.76)%、(20.82±4.60)%和(23.06
    ±2.69)%、(67.97±2.5)%和(68.33±6.89)%,且经统计分析,这些养分的代谢率
    在公母鸡之间差异均不显著(P>0.05),母鸡粗灰分的代谢率显著高于公鸡的(P<0.05),
    对于粗脂肪,公鸡的代谢率则为负值,母鸡对粗脂肪的代谢率很高,为(70.46±3.15)% ;
    膨化肉粉对公、母鸡的代谢能分别为:11.11 MJ/Kg 和 11.17 MJ/Kg ,其值介于豆粕与
    鱼粉之间,表明膨化肉粉为高能饲料;在所测得的 17 种氨基酸代谢率中,公、母鸡对
    膨化肉粉各氨基酸代谢率范围分别在 61.19%~87.56% 和 63.09%~86.59% ,而且,经
    统计分析,膨化肉粉各氨基酸代谢率在公、母鸡之间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。公、母
    鸡对膨化肉粉各氨基酸代谢率平均为 76.37%和 73.44%,其值较高;膨化肉粉对公母鸡
    的可代谢氨基酸含量相当,其中含量较高的几种氨基酸为:谷氨酸、脯氨酸、天冬氨酸
    和精氨酸;含量较低的为:胱氨酸、组氨酸、蛋氨酸、酪氨酸。膨化肉粉可利用氨基酸
    含量较低,但其比例较平衡。
    
    
    膨化肉粉对鸡的营养价值评定
     ii
    试验三:采用单因子随机区组设计,选用体重相近,采食正常的健康尼克—T 商品
    蛋鸡(28W)900 只随机分为五组,每组设四个重复,每重复 45 只鸡,对照组不含膨化
    肉粉、A 组用 1%膨化肉粉替代基础日粮中 1%豆粕、B 组用 2% 膨化肉粉替代 2%豆粕、C
    组用 3% 膨化肉粉替代 3%豆粕、D 组用 4% 膨化肉粉替代 4%豆粕。结果表明,用不同比
    例膨化肉粉替代基础日粮中的豆粕饲喂产蛋鸡,以 2%的替代比例效果最佳;以 4%的
    膨化肉粉替代豆粕对蛋鸡的采食量、平均蛋重有抑制作用,但不影响蛋的品质。
There are three experiments which explained in this essay: nutritive composition
    analysis、 metabolism experiment feeding experiment. The main idea of these experiments
    were try to evaluate the expanded meat meal from many aspects of nutritive value, supplied
    the theory base to rational use of it and to sufficiently develop that forage resources.
     Experiment one: Applying the conventional analysis and pure nutritive composition
    analysis, determined the conventional nutritive composition of expanded meat meal, its
    content of amino acid and solubility of protein, made clear its limited amino acid further more.
    The rate of their conventional components content separately is: DM (90.60±0.04)%, CP
    (65.24±1.22)%, CA (19.20±0.50)%, EE (5.82±0.35)%, Ca(5.47±0.03)%, general P(0.17
    ±0.06)%, GE(16.37±0.38)MJ/kg, PS(3.16±0.52)%,The results show: expanded meat
    meal is a high protein content forage, worth to evaluate its nutritive value; General amino
    acid content is 41.44%, some of its main limited amino acid are: Lys1.93%, Met 0.66%, Cys
    0.10%, Thr1.14%, Arg content is more than that of fish meal, 1.02 times than it, Asp and Val
    content are separately 1.57 and 1.65 times than that of fish meal, which is much more than
    fish meal 57.3% and 65.3%, the other amino acid content are less than that of fish meal,
    generally speaking, except some other amino acid, expanded meat meal has low amino acid
    content, good balanced amino acid; To the high productive layers, the first limited amino acid
    is (Met+ Cys), the second limited amino acid is Ile, the third limited amino acids is Met in
    expanded meat meal.
     Experiment two: Choosing 6 Hy-line cock whose average weight is 1.9-2.0Kg、eating
    normally、without any eccentric, and also choosing 6 Nike-T laying hens, whose average
    weight is 1.7-1.8Kg、 eating normally、 without any eccentric、laying rate is about 85%,
    adopting traditional digestive rate calculating method, determined the conventional nutritive
    AME and amino acid AME of expanded meat meal to them, and calculated further the
    nutritive content, including ME. Metabolism rate of DM、CP、Ca and P of male and female
    layer to expanded meat meal separately is: (62.45±2.19)% and (61.65±6.37)%、(36.65
    ±4.34)% and (32.90±1.84)%、(38.9±2.01)% and (40.38±11.76)%、(20.82±
    
    
    膨化肉粉对鸡的营养价值评定 iv
    4.60)% and(23.06±2.69)%. After statistics, there are no obvious differences between male
    and female layers(P>0.05), female layer’s metabolism of CA rate obviously higher than male
    lay’s, but to EE, male layer’s metabolism rate is negative number, female layer’s is much high
    (70.46±3.15)%; Male and female’s energy metabolism rate are separately (67.97±
    2.5)% and (68.33±6.89)%, through statistics, their difference is not obvious(P>0.05);
    Male and female layer’s ME is separately: 11.11 MJ/Kg and 11.17 MJ/Kg,The results show:
    expanded meat meal is high energy forage; In 17 amino acids metabolism rates, male and
    female’s amino acids metabolism rates are separately ranged 61.19%—87.56% and 63.09%—
    86.59%, their differences are not obvious(P>0.05)after statistics. Male and female layers’
    average amino acids metabolism rates separately are 76.37% and 73.44%; Male layer’s
    available amino acids metabolism content is more higher than female layer’s in expanded
    meat meal, the following are them: GLU、PRO、ASP and ARG; Some amino acids
    metabolism content are lower, the following are them: ARG、HIS、MET、TYR.;The applicable
    amino acids content is lower, but their rates are more balanced.
     Experiment three: Designed with single factor and random dividing method, choosing
    900 similar weight , normally eating(28W), divided them into 5 groups. Each group has 4
    repeating, and each repeating has 45 layers. Comparing group didn’t use expanded meat
    meal、group A used 1% expanded meat meal in stead of 1% bean dregs in the basic daily
    feed、group B used 2% expanded meat meal in stead of 2% be
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