高盐胁迫下红树植物—秋茄的表达谱微阵列分析及差异表达基因的功能解析
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摘要
本文利用改良的热硼砂法提取了秋茄幼苗叶片总RNA,有效的抑制了多酚、多糖的干扰,成功构建了秋茄全长cDNA文库,该全长cDNA文库的库容量为1.7-2.9×107plaques/library,重组率为97%,插入片段为1 kb左右。
根据cDNA文库得到的探针,制作了表达谱基因芯片。利用微阵列分析技术研究了秋茄幼苗在盐胁迫下的基因表达规律,发现在短期盐处理和长期盐处理下均有大量基因差异表达：短期处理共获得396个差异基因,其中301个表达上调,95个表达下调；长期处理共获得710个差异表达基因,其中表达上调基因507个,表达下调基因203个；其中短期和长期共同表达基因85个。
利用基因表达富集分析法(Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, GSEA)分析了上调表达基因特点并推断秋茄可能耐盐分子机理。秋茄耐盐性得益于其突出的光合作用响应及重建机制,涉及了光合作用相关的大量细胞器及相关组分,以及大量光合作用基因的协同表达；另外,活性氧代谢及平衡调控相关基因也高效表达,这类基因的上调显示秋茄具有高效清除活性氧(ROS)毒害能力,同时也暗示ROS在秋茄在适应盐生环境时能起到信号转导作用；水通道蛋白(MIP)基因的上调表达也证明了胁迫状态下秋茄控制水分运输来降低细胞内渗透势的能力；有关蛋白质修复和降解错误折叠蛋白类基因的上调表达说明了秋茄自身翻译水平上具有很强的修复能力；信号转导途径以及响应外界非生物刺激类基因的表达说明了秋茄具有完善的抵抗外界刺激反应系统,包括信号感知、信号转导、启动基因表达等连续的分子机制。另外有关离子转运与平衡类的基因也高效表达,具有ATPase结构域基因短期和长期处理均有6个探针上调表达,说明了H-ATPase酶基因在离子转运过程中起到了重要作用。
荧光定量PCR方法验证了盐处理基因表达与微阵列表达谱数据趋势一致,表明微阵列实验真实可靠,可以用于后续数据挖掘。
通过对秋茄四个基因家族的基因开放读码框的预测、以及对应的蛋白质功能预测分析、蛋白质三维结构预测、蛋白序列比对及进化分析,初步预测了这些差异表达基因的功能和特点,这些基因涉及了水分子转运通道蛋白(包括质膜和液泡膜)、以及功能未知但是在许多植物中都被发现的BURP家族基因、植物抗氧化胁迫相关的SOD基因、以及光合作用相关基因叶绿素a／b结合蛋白。
In this dissertation, a full-length cDNA library of Kandelia candel (L.) Druce leaves was successfully constructed with a capacity of 1.7-2.9×107plaques/library,97% average rate of recombination, and the average size of the inserts was about 1 kb. In our study, a modified sodium borate method was adopted to reduce the interference of polyphenolics and polysaccharides during total leaf RNA isolation.
Gene chips were made based on the probes from the designed cDNA library. By means of cDNA microarray, the transcription profiles of K. candel leaves were investigated under short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) of high salinity (500 mM NaCl). We identified a variety of genes that were differentially expressed under ST and LT stress. The transcriptional level of 301 genes among 396 differentially expressed genes increased while the other 95 genes were down-regulated in the ST treatments. Under LT stress conditions,710 genes examined were differentially expressed, among which 507 genes were up-regulated and 203 genes were down-regulated. Moreover, the transcript of 85 genes were found to increase under both ST and LT salt stress.
To elucidate the molecular mechanism of salt-tolerant K. candel, expression patterns of up-regulated genes were analyzed combined with gene ontology using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Salt-induced expression of many organelles and related components, as well as photosynthesis-related genes, were thought to be involved in photosynthetic response and remodeling, which contributing to the salt tolerance. Moreover, genes involved in ROS (active oxygen species) metabolism and homeostasis were highly expressed, indicating K. candel has developed an effective mechanism of ROS scavenging. Meanwhile, ROS may also function as a signal molecular and plays a crucial role in plant salt adaptation. Up-regulation of water channel protein (MIP) genes suggests that salt-stressed K. candel is able to control the transport of water to adjust the intracellular osmotic potential. Some genes involved in protein repairing and degradation of misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins were also salt inducible, showing a great capacity of protein repairing at the post-translational stage in this mangrove. In addition, the increased expression of genes related to signal transduction and abiotic stimulus indicates that K. candel has a sophisticated defense system upon salt exposure, e.g. stress signal perception, transduction, and down-stream genes activation. Interestingly, the genes controlling ion transport and homeostasis were up-regulated, among which 6 probes containing ATPase (H+-ATPase gene) domain were induced by both short- and long- term treatment, suggesting that H+-ATPase may play an important part in ion transport in salinised K. candel.
Real-time PCR confirmation showed a consistent tendency of gene expression with the microarray data. This indicates that the cDNA microarray was reliable to monitor gene expression and subsequent data analysis.
By means of open reading frame prediction, three dimentional structure and function prediction, amino sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis, we preliminary predicted and analyzed the structure and function of a series of salt regulated genes classified to four gene families in K.candel, including water channel and transporter (plasma and tonoplast membrane), SOD gene family, chlorophll a/b binding protein, and function of unknown genes homology to BURP gene family in plant.
根据cDNA文库得到的探针,制作了表达谱基因芯片。利用微阵列分析技术研究了秋茄幼苗在盐胁迫下的基因表达规律,发现在短期盐处理和长期盐处理下均有大量基因差异表达：短期处理共获得396个差异基因,其中301个表达上调,95个表达下调；长期处理共获得710个差异表达基因,其中表达上调基因507个,表达下调基因203个；其中短期和长期共同表达基因85个。
利用基因表达富集分析法(Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, GSEA)分析了上调表达基因特点并推断秋茄可能耐盐分子机理。秋茄耐盐性得益于其突出的光合作用响应及重建机制,涉及了光合作用相关的大量细胞器及相关组分,以及大量光合作用基因的协同表达；另外,活性氧代谢及平衡调控相关基因也高效表达,这类基因的上调显示秋茄具有高效清除活性氧(ROS)毒害能力,同时也暗示ROS在秋茄在适应盐生环境时能起到信号转导作用；水通道蛋白(MIP)基因的上调表达也证明了胁迫状态下秋茄控制水分运输来降低细胞内渗透势的能力；有关蛋白质修复和降解错误折叠蛋白类基因的上调表达说明了秋茄自身翻译水平上具有很强的修复能力；信号转导途径以及响应外界非生物刺激类基因的表达说明了秋茄具有完善的抵抗外界刺激反应系统,包括信号感知、信号转导、启动基因表达等连续的分子机制。另外有关离子转运与平衡类的基因也高效表达,具有ATPase结构域基因短期和长期处理均有6个探针上调表达,说明了H-ATPase酶基因在离子转运过程中起到了重要作用。
荧光定量PCR方法验证了盐处理基因表达与微阵列表达谱数据趋势一致,表明微阵列实验真实可靠,可以用于后续数据挖掘。
通过对秋茄四个基因家族的基因开放读码框的预测、以及对应的蛋白质功能预测分析、蛋白质三维结构预测、蛋白序列比对及进化分析,初步预测了这些差异表达基因的功能和特点,这些基因涉及了水分子转运通道蛋白(包括质膜和液泡膜)、以及功能未知但是在许多植物中都被发现的BURP家族基因、植物抗氧化胁迫相关的SOD基因、以及光合作用相关基因叶绿素a／b结合蛋白。
In this dissertation, a full-length cDNA library of Kandelia candel (L.) Druce leaves was successfully constructed with a capacity of 1.7-2.9×107plaques/library,97% average rate of recombination, and the average size of the inserts was about 1 kb. In our study, a modified sodium borate method was adopted to reduce the interference of polyphenolics and polysaccharides during total leaf RNA isolation.
Gene chips were made based on the probes from the designed cDNA library. By means of cDNA microarray, the transcription profiles of K. candel leaves were investigated under short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) of high salinity (500 mM NaCl). We identified a variety of genes that were differentially expressed under ST and LT stress. The transcriptional level of 301 genes among 396 differentially expressed genes increased while the other 95 genes were down-regulated in the ST treatments. Under LT stress conditions,710 genes examined were differentially expressed, among which 507 genes were up-regulated and 203 genes were down-regulated. Moreover, the transcript of 85 genes were found to increase under both ST and LT salt stress.
To elucidate the molecular mechanism of salt-tolerant K. candel, expression patterns of up-regulated genes were analyzed combined with gene ontology using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Salt-induced expression of many organelles and related components, as well as photosynthesis-related genes, were thought to be involved in photosynthetic response and remodeling, which contributing to the salt tolerance. Moreover, genes involved in ROS (active oxygen species) metabolism and homeostasis were highly expressed, indicating K. candel has developed an effective mechanism of ROS scavenging. Meanwhile, ROS may also function as a signal molecular and plays a crucial role in plant salt adaptation. Up-regulation of water channel protein (MIP) genes suggests that salt-stressed K. candel is able to control the transport of water to adjust the intracellular osmotic potential. Some genes involved in protein repairing and degradation of misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins were also salt inducible, showing a great capacity of protein repairing at the post-translational stage in this mangrove. In addition, the increased expression of genes related to signal transduction and abiotic stimulus indicates that K. candel has a sophisticated defense system upon salt exposure, e.g. stress signal perception, transduction, and down-stream genes activation. Interestingly, the genes controlling ion transport and homeostasis were up-regulated, among which 6 probes containing ATPase (H+-ATPase gene) domain were induced by both short- and long- term treatment, suggesting that H+-ATPase may play an important part in ion transport in salinised K. candel.
Real-time PCR confirmation showed a consistent tendency of gene expression with the microarray data. This indicates that the cDNA microarray was reliable to monitor gene expression and subsequent data analysis.
By means of open reading frame prediction, three dimentional structure and function prediction, amino sequence alignment, and phylogenetic analysis, we preliminary predicted and analyzed the structure and function of a series of salt regulated genes classified to four gene families in K.candel, including water channel and transporter (plasma and tonoplast membrane), SOD gene family, chlorophll a/b binding protein, and function of unknown genes homology to BURP gene family in plant.
引文
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