基于用户需求的Web服务组合系统研究
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摘要
Web服务的研究在近年来越来越多的受到了包括工业界和学术界的广泛关注,其根本原因在于,以往的单个Web服务提供的功能只是单一的功能单元,而随着业务需求复杂性的上升,越来越多的需求向定制服务,多样性服务,复杂流程服务方向转变,因此,对于Web服务的研究重点也随即转变为更多的关注Web服务组合领域的各个环节。作为一种崭新的分布式计算模型,是一种利用Web进行服务集成的有效机制。随着Web服务在技术解决方案中采用的越来越多,适用的范围越来越广,这使得动态Web服务组合技术成为面向服务的计算的核心技术。目前,许多国内外学术研究机构围绕动态Web服务组合技术展开研究工作,并取得了一些成果。然而,Web服务组合还有许多需要进一步研究的问题。主要在以下几个方面：
ⅰ)Web服务组合存在组合效率低,组合结果合理性不够的问题,主要的原因是以往的服务组合主要依据服务的接口信息,通过信息的匹配来形成服务组合方案。这样的组合方式在Web服务大量存在的时候,服务匹配的计算量大,效率较低。而仅仅通过接口信息来决定组合方案,还会导致接口语义信息的缺失,服务组合中的带来组合合理性不够的问题。
ⅱ)用户需求的多样性,随着领域的不同,用户的不同,用户的需求存在着多样性的问题。通常情况下,一个服务组合系统中,更多的是关注服务的组合机制,从用户角度出发,用户需求存在表达途径缺乏,被表达现象普遍的问题。业务流程也是按照事先制定的模板来进行服务的对应查找,缺乏灵活性。在传统模式下,我们可以看到整个业务开发和维护的环节基本上只是专业人员单方面参与,而缺乏必要的灵活性,这样的应用系统的弊端就是当面临需要能适应快速需求变化时缺乏应对能力。而这种需求的变化来自于用户,因此也就必须以用户需求为中心,以用户需求为服务组合的主要依据才能构造出能将适应用户需求多样性以及Web服务的分布性的两大特点为融为一体的切实可用的服务组合系统。
ⅲ)服务组合的QoS属性评价体系不够完善。如何从服务组合方案中功能节点对应的服务候选集中选择出合适的服务存在一个服务评价的问题。要对服务评价则需要考虑服务的QoS信息,但目前的QoS体系主要集中在一些常规的QoS指标上,对能反映领域特征的领域属性缺乏表达和评价机制。
本文对Web服务组合中的上述问题做了重点研究,利用本体论,图论,模糊数学等学科的相关知识和方法来寻求这些问题的解决途径。主要的工作和成果如下：
①用户需求的获取和提高服务组合的合理性
首先,论文提出建立领域服务本体,将不同的Web服务实例对应到相应的服务概念下,这样可以在服务组合时,有效的缩小查找的范围,利用服务本体概念间存在的语义关系结合语义推理机制来获取用户的需求,以及相应的用户需求的细化方法,使Web服务组合能以用户需求为中心,在满足用户需求上能有一种更好的机制；分析了语义Web服务中服务属性语义关联的现象进行,并提出了基于属性关联的服务选择算法,这使得Web服务组合方案在有效性,正确性方面有了更好的保证。另外,提出了一种基于功能语义的服务自动组合方法,通过建立服务的数据联系图,行为图,实现了服务的自动组合。相比于单纯的接口匹配方法在组合方案上的有效性和正确性都有所提高。
②QoS语义建模以及Web服务QoS评价
论文提出将QoS属性中扩展为常规属性和领域属性,根据用户需求中服务概念属性值的获取,用户的需求将得到较好的反映,并在最终服务选择中以此为计算依据,得出满足用户需求的服务组合实例方案。提出在计算QoS属性评价值时需要考虑信誉属性这一问题并对如何将信誉属性的值纳入最终的QoS属性评价值计算的进行了探讨。提出了自己的解决方法,从而使Web服务QoS属性评价计算因恶意评分,虚假评价而导致的服务评价失真现象得到改善。
③在原型系统框架设计方面
设计了满足用户需求的语义Web服务组合系统框架(UDSWSCS),该系统以用户需求为核心,综合考虑了需求的获取,需求的细化,本体推理,语义标注,QoS属性评价计算,本体管理,本体进化等诸多因素,是一个高度自动化且扩展性较好的系统架构。
As an effective way of business provides. Web services have attracted industrial and academic attention. However, a single Web service can provide limited functionality, people want to be able to customize, build the business to meet their needs. This can only obtain from the Web service combination. Web services as a kind of brand-new distributed computing model。Is an effective mechanism that Web services can be integrated. With the Web service technology solutions used in more and more widely applicable, making dynamic Web service composition as the core of service-oriented computing technology. Currently, many domestic and international academic and research institutions around the dynamic Web service composition to start research work, and achieved some results. However, Web service composition and many issues need further study. Mainly in the following areas:
ⅰ) efficiency and rationality of the combination is not enough.The main reason is the previous service composition main basis for the service interface information, through information matching to form a service package. In a large number of existing Web services, when using such a combination, The service match's computation load is big, the efficiency is low. Only through the interface information to determine the combined scheme, will result in the absence of semantic information, and a combination of reasonable is not enough.
ii) Diversity of user requirements. With the different areas of the different users, there is a diversity of the needs of users。Typically, the service composition system, the more concerned about the service composition mechanism。From the user point of view, the expression means there is a lack of user demand,and expressed problem is Widespread. Service instance is in accordance with pre-established template for the corresponding search which Lack of flexibility. In this mode, the business relies heavily on the development and maintenance professionals. This method of business development can not adapt to rapidly changes in demand。Therefore, for deployment in the Internet environment, the Web service, we need to construct the user demands, user needs as the main basis for service composition, Can be generated directly from the business or user needs to adapt to changing business needs of users develop ways to meet the diversity of user requirements and the distributed nature of Web service itself.
ⅲ) QoS properties of service composition evaluation system is not perfect. How to choose the right service from the service candidate portfolio which corresponding to function nodes existence b the problem of service evaluation. Evaluation of service need to consider the service QoS information, Those which reflect characteristics of the field attribute lack of expression and evaluation mechanisms.
Aiming at solving the above problems, This article has done the key research to the above question。Use of ontology, graph theory, fuzzy mathematics and other disciplines related to knowledge and methods to seek solutions to these problems. The main work and achievements are as follows:
①full access to the needs of users and enhance the rational combination
Firstly,the paper puts forward establishment of a domain service ontology. Then, the different Web service instance corresponding to the appropriate service concept. This course of service options, narrowing the scope of search services。According to the service ontology semantic relations existing between the concept of using semantic reasoning mechanism to obtain the user's needs and the corresponding user needs thinning, Make Web serve combination being able to take consumer need as centre, Make service combination can have one kind of much better mechanism in the field of satisfied consumer need; Analysis of the Semantic Web services in the service properties of semantic associations, Based on the attribute semantic associations puts forward services selection algorithm, This feasible Web service the combination scheme in validity, correctness aspect has had much better guarantee。In addition.have proposed Web Services Composition Method Based On Functional
attributes Semantics.through the establishment of Data links graph, behavior graph, to achieve automatic composition of services. Thus narrowing the scope of participation in services compostion and improve the efficiency and effectiveness.
②QoS semantic modeling and evaluation of Web services
Proposed that expands the QoS attribute in for the conventional attribute and the domain attribute, According to the service concept attribute value gaining,consumer's need will get fairly good reporting, will takes this as the scheme calculating a basis, reaching the service combination example satisfying the consumer need and in serving choice ultimately。Proposed QoS attribute evaluation value calculation need to consider the credibility of the property value issue and how to credit the value of property included in the final evaluation value of QoS attributes are discussed, Improve the score by malicious, false assessment of service evaluation caused distortion
③Prototype system framework design
Design a Prototype system named UDSWSCS, This system take the user's needs as a core, Considering the acquiring requirement and refinement、Ontology Reasoning、Semantic Annotation、QoS attribute evaluation value calculation、Ontology Management Ontology evolution and other factors, Has a high degree of automation and good extensibility features。
ⅰ)Web服务组合存在组合效率低,组合结果合理性不够的问题,主要的原因是以往的服务组合主要依据服务的接口信息,通过信息的匹配来形成服务组合方案。这样的组合方式在Web服务大量存在的时候,服务匹配的计算量大,效率较低。而仅仅通过接口信息来决定组合方案,还会导致接口语义信息的缺失,服务组合中的带来组合合理性不够的问题。
ⅱ)用户需求的多样性,随着领域的不同,用户的不同,用户的需求存在着多样性的问题。通常情况下,一个服务组合系统中,更多的是关注服务的组合机制,从用户角度出发,用户需求存在表达途径缺乏,被表达现象普遍的问题。业务流程也是按照事先制定的模板来进行服务的对应查找,缺乏灵活性。在传统模式下,我们可以看到整个业务开发和维护的环节基本上只是专业人员单方面参与,而缺乏必要的灵活性,这样的应用系统的弊端就是当面临需要能适应快速需求变化时缺乏应对能力。而这种需求的变化来自于用户,因此也就必须以用户需求为中心,以用户需求为服务组合的主要依据才能构造出能将适应用户需求多样性以及Web服务的分布性的两大特点为融为一体的切实可用的服务组合系统。
ⅲ)服务组合的QoS属性评价体系不够完善。如何从服务组合方案中功能节点对应的服务候选集中选择出合适的服务存在一个服务评价的问题。要对服务评价则需要考虑服务的QoS信息,但目前的QoS体系主要集中在一些常规的QoS指标上,对能反映领域特征的领域属性缺乏表达和评价机制。
本文对Web服务组合中的上述问题做了重点研究,利用本体论,图论,模糊数学等学科的相关知识和方法来寻求这些问题的解决途径。主要的工作和成果如下：
①用户需求的获取和提高服务组合的合理性
首先,论文提出建立领域服务本体,将不同的Web服务实例对应到相应的服务概念下,这样可以在服务组合时,有效的缩小查找的范围,利用服务本体概念间存在的语义关系结合语义推理机制来获取用户的需求,以及相应的用户需求的细化方法,使Web服务组合能以用户需求为中心,在满足用户需求上能有一种更好的机制；分析了语义Web服务中服务属性语义关联的现象进行,并提出了基于属性关联的服务选择算法,这使得Web服务组合方案在有效性,正确性方面有了更好的保证。另外,提出了一种基于功能语义的服务自动组合方法,通过建立服务的数据联系图,行为图,实现了服务的自动组合。相比于单纯的接口匹配方法在组合方案上的有效性和正确性都有所提高。
②QoS语义建模以及Web服务QoS评价
论文提出将QoS属性中扩展为常规属性和领域属性,根据用户需求中服务概念属性值的获取,用户的需求将得到较好的反映,并在最终服务选择中以此为计算依据,得出满足用户需求的服务组合实例方案。提出在计算QoS属性评价值时需要考虑信誉属性这一问题并对如何将信誉属性的值纳入最终的QoS属性评价值计算的进行了探讨。提出了自己的解决方法,从而使Web服务QoS属性评价计算因恶意评分,虚假评价而导致的服务评价失真现象得到改善。
③在原型系统框架设计方面
设计了满足用户需求的语义Web服务组合系统框架(UDSWSCS),该系统以用户需求为核心,综合考虑了需求的获取,需求的细化,本体推理,语义标注,QoS属性评价计算,本体管理,本体进化等诸多因素,是一个高度自动化且扩展性较好的系统架构。
As an effective way of business provides. Web services have attracted industrial and academic attention. However, a single Web service can provide limited functionality, people want to be able to customize, build the business to meet their needs. This can only obtain from the Web service combination. Web services as a kind of brand-new distributed computing model。Is an effective mechanism that Web services can be integrated. With the Web service technology solutions used in more and more widely applicable, making dynamic Web service composition as the core of service-oriented computing technology. Currently, many domestic and international academic and research institutions around the dynamic Web service composition to start research work, and achieved some results. However, Web service composition and many issues need further study. Mainly in the following areas:
ⅰ) efficiency and rationality of the combination is not enough.The main reason is the previous service composition main basis for the service interface information, through information matching to form a service package. In a large number of existing Web services, when using such a combination, The service match's computation load is big, the efficiency is low. Only through the interface information to determine the combined scheme, will result in the absence of semantic information, and a combination of reasonable is not enough.
ii) Diversity of user requirements. With the different areas of the different users, there is a diversity of the needs of users。Typically, the service composition system, the more concerned about the service composition mechanism。From the user point of view, the expression means there is a lack of user demand,and expressed problem is Widespread. Service instance is in accordance with pre-established template for the corresponding search which Lack of flexibility. In this mode, the business relies heavily on the development and maintenance professionals. This method of business development can not adapt to rapidly changes in demand。Therefore, for deployment in the Internet environment, the Web service, we need to construct the user demands, user needs as the main basis for service composition, Can be generated directly from the business or user needs to adapt to changing business needs of users develop ways to meet the diversity of user requirements and the distributed nature of Web service itself.
ⅲ) QoS properties of service composition evaluation system is not perfect. How to choose the right service from the service candidate portfolio which corresponding to function nodes existence b the problem of service evaluation. Evaluation of service need to consider the service QoS information, Those which reflect characteristics of the field attribute lack of expression and evaluation mechanisms.
Aiming at solving the above problems, This article has done the key research to the above question。Use of ontology, graph theory, fuzzy mathematics and other disciplines related to knowledge and methods to seek solutions to these problems. The main work and achievements are as follows:
①full access to the needs of users and enhance the rational combination
Firstly,the paper puts forward establishment of a domain service ontology. Then, the different Web service instance corresponding to the appropriate service concept. This course of service options, narrowing the scope of search services。According to the service ontology semantic relations existing between the concept of using semantic reasoning mechanism to obtain the user's needs and the corresponding user needs thinning, Make Web serve combination being able to take consumer need as centre, Make service combination can have one kind of much better mechanism in the field of satisfied consumer need; Analysis of the Semantic Web services in the service properties of semantic associations, Based on the attribute semantic associations puts forward services selection algorithm, This feasible Web service the combination scheme in validity, correctness aspect has had much better guarantee。In addition.have proposed Web Services Composition Method Based On Functional
attributes Semantics.through the establishment of Data links graph, behavior graph, to achieve automatic composition of services. Thus narrowing the scope of participation in services compostion and improve the efficiency and effectiveness.
②QoS semantic modeling and evaluation of Web services
Proposed that expands the QoS attribute in for the conventional attribute and the domain attribute, According to the service concept attribute value gaining,consumer's need will get fairly good reporting, will takes this as the scheme calculating a basis, reaching the service combination example satisfying the consumer need and in serving choice ultimately。Proposed QoS attribute evaluation value calculation need to consider the credibility of the property value issue and how to credit the value of property included in the final evaluation value of QoS attributes are discussed, Improve the score by malicious, false assessment of service evaluation caused distortion
③Prototype system framework design
Design a Prototype system named UDSWSCS, This system take the user's needs as a core, Considering the acquiring requirement and refinement、Ontology Reasoning、Semantic Annotation、QoS attribute evaluation value calculation、Ontology Management Ontology evolution and other factors, Has a high degree of automation and good extensibility features。
引文
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