复杂油藏地质建模及其模型验证
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摘要
葡北油田78-54块葡I油组发育三角洲内前缘水下分流河道成因砂体,砂体窄而薄,造成砂体井控程度低,单层钻遇率仅在30%-40%左右,凭借目前地球物理技术和开发井网难以实现窄薄砂体井间储层的预测,基于此,论文开展了精细油藏地质建模研究。在研究区丰富的钻井资料及精细三维地震解释的基础上,对窄薄砂岩油藏井间储层几何形态和空间配置关系以及油藏内部各种属性参数的分布特征进行了精细表征,建立了高精度储层地质模型,最终达到模型精度高、不确定性最小的目的。
论文在随机实现的基础上建立储层发育概率模型,通过截值计算实现不同概率下的岩相模型,优选各个模型中误差最小的沉积单元,最终组合成最优的模拟实现,进而对沉积相模型进行优化调整。抽稀井检验表明,该建模方法平均砂体预测符合率为80%,最低能分辨厚度为0.2m的砂体,达到了精细建模的目的,实现了对窄薄砂体的准确预测。在储层属性建模方面,论文从沉积形成与演化的成因角度出发,采用多参数协同、分层次约束的方法,用沉积相带的平面展布和垂向演化约束储层属性建模,即采用多参数综合一体化方法建立储层参数模型。模型检验方面,主要采用概率分布一致性检验、抽稀井检验及动态验证方法,从各个角度对模型进行验证,最终优选最符合地质特征的模拟实现。结果表明,多信息综合储层地质建模是解决窄薄砂岩油藏井间砂体发育状况难以预测问题的有效方法,对指导老油区剩余油挖潜,提高采收率具有重要意义。
Sand developed in the underwater distributary channel with the delta front in 78-54 blocks of PI oil group in Northern Putaohua Oilfield, the sand narrow and thin , caused low control of well, the delta front rate only 30%-40% in a single layer.Narrow thin sandstone reservoirs are difficult to predicted with current geophysical technology and development well. So thesis carried out detailed reservoir geological modeling.Basing on fine 3D seismic interpretation and using the method of well-log and seismic data, the paper characterize detailedly geometry shape and spatial distribution of the narrow and small sandstone reservoir, and distribution feature of various attribute parameter in internal reservoir in order to set up high-precision reservoir geological model. The goals of the study is to obtain high model precision and the least uncertainty.
In this thesis, based on stochastic realization,lithofacies probability model was developed,and facies model under different probability achieved from cut-off value. The sedimentary units with minimun error were elected through statistical analysis of the various models. Finally, the best simulation was achieved. The vacuated well test showed that the average compliance rate of sand prediction is 80% in the best simulation, which could distinguish 0.2m sand thickness. The results achieved the requirements of fine modeling,which accurately predicted the narrow-thin sand。Reservoir property Geo-modeling process is constrained by the distribution of sedimentary facies in plane and vertical evolution from the genetic aspect of formation and evolution of sedimentary, which using multi-parameter coordination and hierarchical constraint approach.In the model validation aspect, the model is verified from all angles such as the probablity of consistency test,the vacuated well test and dynamic stata validation Finally optimize the most realistic gelogical simulation realization.Research shows that combined reservoir gelogical modeling is a practical way to resolve the prediction for the sandbody’s development situation between wells in narrow-thin sandstone reservoirs, which is vital to remaining oil producing in the old oilfield and enhanced oil recovery.
论文在随机实现的基础上建立储层发育概率模型,通过截值计算实现不同概率下的岩相模型,优选各个模型中误差最小的沉积单元,最终组合成最优的模拟实现,进而对沉积相模型进行优化调整。抽稀井检验表明,该建模方法平均砂体预测符合率为80%,最低能分辨厚度为0.2m的砂体,达到了精细建模的目的,实现了对窄薄砂体的准确预测。在储层属性建模方面,论文从沉积形成与演化的成因角度出发,采用多参数协同、分层次约束的方法,用沉积相带的平面展布和垂向演化约束储层属性建模,即采用多参数综合一体化方法建立储层参数模型。模型检验方面,主要采用概率分布一致性检验、抽稀井检验及动态验证方法,从各个角度对模型进行验证,最终优选最符合地质特征的模拟实现。结果表明,多信息综合储层地质建模是解决窄薄砂岩油藏井间砂体发育状况难以预测问题的有效方法,对指导老油区剩余油挖潜,提高采收率具有重要意义。
Sand developed in the underwater distributary channel with the delta front in 78-54 blocks of PI oil group in Northern Putaohua Oilfield, the sand narrow and thin , caused low control of well, the delta front rate only 30%-40% in a single layer.Narrow thin sandstone reservoirs are difficult to predicted with current geophysical technology and development well. So thesis carried out detailed reservoir geological modeling.Basing on fine 3D seismic interpretation and using the method of well-log and seismic data, the paper characterize detailedly geometry shape and spatial distribution of the narrow and small sandstone reservoir, and distribution feature of various attribute parameter in internal reservoir in order to set up high-precision reservoir geological model. The goals of the study is to obtain high model precision and the least uncertainty.
In this thesis, based on stochastic realization,lithofacies probability model was developed,and facies model under different probability achieved from cut-off value. The sedimentary units with minimun error were elected through statistical analysis of the various models. Finally, the best simulation was achieved. The vacuated well test showed that the average compliance rate of sand prediction is 80% in the best simulation, which could distinguish 0.2m sand thickness. The results achieved the requirements of fine modeling,which accurately predicted the narrow-thin sand。Reservoir property Geo-modeling process is constrained by the distribution of sedimentary facies in plane and vertical evolution from the genetic aspect of formation and evolution of sedimentary, which using multi-parameter coordination and hierarchical constraint approach.In the model validation aspect, the model is verified from all angles such as the probablity of consistency test,the vacuated well test and dynamic stata validation Finally optimize the most realistic gelogical simulation realization.Research shows that combined reservoir gelogical modeling is a practical way to resolve the prediction for the sandbody’s development situation between wells in narrow-thin sandstone reservoirs, which is vital to remaining oil producing in the old oilfield and enhanced oil recovery.
引文
[1] Krige D.G. A Statistical Approach to Some Basic Mine Valuation Problems on The Wit Water Srand [J]. South Africa,1951,52(3):119-139
[2] Matheron G. Principles of Geostatistics[J]. Economic Geology,1963,58(1):21-28
[3] Haldorson H, Lake L. A New Approach to Shale Management in Field Scale Simulation Models[J]. SPE 10976,1984,24(4):447-457
[4] Haldorson, Helge, Damsleth, et al. Stochastic Modeling[C]. SPE 20321,1990:42-46
[5] Journel A.G. Geostatistics for Reservoir Characterization[C]. SPE 20750,1990:353-359
[6] Damsleth, Elvind, Tjolsen. Two-stage Stochastic Model Applied to A North Sea Reservoir [C]. SPE 20605,1992:44-48
[7]王家华.迎接油气储层建模理论、应用的大发展—从2007年国际试油地质统计学大会谈起[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):16-25
[8] Moore J. Reservoir Mapping Problems in The United Kingdom Dector of The North Sea [C]. SPE 4308,1973:2-3
[9] McDonald J.A, Gardner H.F., Morris R I.Reservoir Characterization by Areal Seismic Methods[C]. SPE 10012,1982:17-24
[10] Neidell N, Beard J.H. Progress in Stratigraphic Seismic Exploration and The Definition of Reservoirs[C]. SPE 13016,1984:36-41
[11] Litvak M. Innovative Integrated Modelling Technology [C]. SPE 112811,2007:41-51
[12] Stephen K. Macbeth C. Reducing Reservoir Prediction Uncertainty Using Seismic History Matching[C]. SPE 100295,2006:12-15
[13] Breit V, Dozzo J.“State-of-the-Art”Integrated Studies Methodologies a Historical Review [C]. SPE 87032,2004:29-30
[14]裘怿楠.储层地质模型10年.石油学报,2000,21(4):101-104
[15] Strebelle S. Sequential Simulation Drawing Structures from Training Images[D]. Ph.D Thesis,Stanford University,America,2001
[16] Strebelle S. Conditional Simulation of Complex Geological Structure Using Multiple-point Statistics[J]. Mathematical Geology,2002,34(1):1-21
[17] Arpat B.G. Sequential Simulation with Patterns[D] . Ph.D thesis, Stanford University, America:2005
[18] Maharaja A, Journel A. Hierarchical Simulation of Multiple-facies Reservoirs Using Multiple-point Geostatistics[C]. SPE 95574,2005:1-15
[19]吴胜和,李文克.多点地质统计学—理论、应用与展望[J].古地理学报,2005, 557(1):137-143
[20]吴胜和,张一伟,李恕军,等.提高储层随机建模精度的地质约束原则[J].石油大学学报,2001,25(1):55-58
[21]尤少燕,时应敏,乔玉雷.利用多尺度资料进行油藏地质建模—樊124区块为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(3):15-17
[22]霍春亮,古莉,赵春明,等.基于地震、测井和地质综合一体化的储层精细建模[J].石油学报,2007,28(6):66-71
[23]任殿星,李凡华,李保柱.多条件约束油藏地质建模技术[J].石油勘探与开发, 2008,35(2):205-214
[24] Hu L.Y. Random Genetic Simulation of The Internal Geometry of Deltaic Sand Bodies[J]. SPE 24714,1994,9(4):245-250
[25]周丽清,熊琦华,吴胜和.随机建模中相模型的优选验证原则[J].石油勘探与开发, 2001,28(1):68-71
[26]于金彪.基于油藏数值模拟研究的地质模型质量评价方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(2):49-51
[27]姜辉,于兴河,张响响.主流随机建模技术评价及约束原则[J].新疆石油地质, 2006,27(5):621-625
[28]侯加根.河流和三角洲储层随机建模[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1999:39-40
[29]姜香云.整合多源数据建立油藏模型一体化方法[A].油藏描述会议论文集汇总[C]. 2006:271-278
[30]于兴河,陈建阳,张志杰,等.油气储层相控随机建模技术的约束方法[J].地学前缘, 2005,12(3):237-243
[31]李龙滟,陈恭洋,李功权,等.运用储层地震响应信息约束储层随机模拟—以W12-x油田WⅢ,Ⅳ段储层为例[J].矿物岩石,2000,20(4):86-91
[32]吴胜和,熊琦华.储层建模中随机模型的地质适用性分析[A].石油地球科学文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:47-53
[33]胡向阳,熊琦华.标点过程随机模拟方法在沉积微相研究中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(2):19-30
[34] Strebelle S. Conditional Simulation of Complex Geological Structures Using Multiple Point statistics[J]. Mathematical Geology,2002,34(1):1-21
[35] Maharaja A, Journel A.G. Hierarchical Simulation of Multiple-facies Reservoir Using Multiple-point Geostatistics[J]. SPE annual technical conference and exhibition,SPE 95574,2005,12(9):1-15
[36]杜启振,侯加根.储层随机建模综述[J].世界石油知识,1997,5(2):24-29
[37]李少华,张昌民,尹艳树.河流相储层随机建模的几种方法[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2003,18(5):10-16
[38] Journel A.G. Stochastic Modeling of A Fluvial Reservoir:A Comparative Review of Algorithms [J]. SPE,1998,21(2):95-121
[39]廖新维,李少华,朱义清.地质条件约束下的储集层随机建模[J].石油勘探与开发, 2004,31(增刊):92-94
[40]王仲林,徐守余.河流相储集层定量建模研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(1):75-78
[41]林博,戴俊生,冀国盛,等.河流相建筑结构随机建模与剩余油分布关系研究[J]. 2007,28(4):81-85
[42]薛家峰,王家华.多次储层随机建模与砂体预测符合率[J].石油学报,2003, 24(5):79-83
[43]张会勇,吴小军,阿布都热西提·吐尔逊,等.油藏描述与数值模拟一体化技术的实现[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(2):196-198
[44]付国强,张国栋,吴义杰,等.河流相砂岩油藏综合地质评价建模[J].石油学报, 2000,21(5):21-26
[45] Clayton V.D. Geostatistical Reservoir Modeling[M]. London:Oxford University Press, 2002:193-244
[46]何更生.油层物理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994,62-65
[47]刘显太.东海油气田A油藏跟踪研究及效果分析.西南石油学院学报,25(2), 2003:15-18
[48]景凤江,宋春华,张金庆.储层地质模型与油藏模拟模型之间的桥梁[J].中国海上油田(地质),2002,16(3):212-214
[49]祁大晟,裴柏林.油藏模型网格粗化的理论与方法[J].新疆石油地质,2008, 29(1):91-93
[2] Matheron G. Principles of Geostatistics[J]. Economic Geology,1963,58(1):21-28
[3] Haldorson H, Lake L. A New Approach to Shale Management in Field Scale Simulation Models[J]. SPE 10976,1984,24(4):447-457
[4] Haldorson, Helge, Damsleth, et al. Stochastic Modeling[C]. SPE 20321,1990:42-46
[5] Journel A.G. Geostatistics for Reservoir Characterization[C]. SPE 20750,1990:353-359
[6] Damsleth, Elvind, Tjolsen. Two-stage Stochastic Model Applied to A North Sea Reservoir [C]. SPE 20605,1992:44-48
[7]王家华.迎接油气储层建模理论、应用的大发展—从2007年国际试油地质统计学大会谈起[J].地学前缘,2008,15(1):16-25
[8] Moore J. Reservoir Mapping Problems in The United Kingdom Dector of The North Sea [C]. SPE 4308,1973:2-3
[9] McDonald J.A, Gardner H.F., Morris R I.Reservoir Characterization by Areal Seismic Methods[C]. SPE 10012,1982:17-24
[10] Neidell N, Beard J.H. Progress in Stratigraphic Seismic Exploration and The Definition of Reservoirs[C]. SPE 13016,1984:36-41
[11] Litvak M. Innovative Integrated Modelling Technology [C]. SPE 112811,2007:41-51
[12] Stephen K. Macbeth C. Reducing Reservoir Prediction Uncertainty Using Seismic History Matching[C]. SPE 100295,2006:12-15
[13] Breit V, Dozzo J.“State-of-the-Art”Integrated Studies Methodologies a Historical Review [C]. SPE 87032,2004:29-30
[14]裘怿楠.储层地质模型10年.石油学报,2000,21(4):101-104
[15] Strebelle S. Sequential Simulation Drawing Structures from Training Images[D]. Ph.D Thesis,Stanford University,America,2001
[16] Strebelle S. Conditional Simulation of Complex Geological Structure Using Multiple-point Statistics[J]. Mathematical Geology,2002,34(1):1-21
[17] Arpat B.G. Sequential Simulation with Patterns[D] . Ph.D thesis, Stanford University, America:2005
[18] Maharaja A, Journel A. Hierarchical Simulation of Multiple-facies Reservoirs Using Multiple-point Geostatistics[C]. SPE 95574,2005:1-15
[19]吴胜和,李文克.多点地质统计学—理论、应用与展望[J].古地理学报,2005, 557(1):137-143
[20]吴胜和,张一伟,李恕军,等.提高储层随机建模精度的地质约束原则[J].石油大学学报,2001,25(1):55-58
[21]尤少燕,时应敏,乔玉雷.利用多尺度资料进行油藏地质建模—樊124区块为例[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(3):15-17
[22]霍春亮,古莉,赵春明,等.基于地震、测井和地质综合一体化的储层精细建模[J].石油学报,2007,28(6):66-71
[23]任殿星,李凡华,李保柱.多条件约束油藏地质建模技术[J].石油勘探与开发, 2008,35(2):205-214
[24] Hu L.Y. Random Genetic Simulation of The Internal Geometry of Deltaic Sand Bodies[J]. SPE 24714,1994,9(4):245-250
[25]周丽清,熊琦华,吴胜和.随机建模中相模型的优选验证原则[J].石油勘探与开发, 2001,28(1):68-71
[26]于金彪.基于油藏数值模拟研究的地质模型质量评价方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2005,12(2):49-51
[27]姜辉,于兴河,张响响.主流随机建模技术评价及约束原则[J].新疆石油地质, 2006,27(5):621-625
[28]侯加根.河流和三角洲储层随机建模[M].北京:石油大学出版社,1999:39-40
[29]姜香云.整合多源数据建立油藏模型一体化方法[A].油藏描述会议论文集汇总[C]. 2006:271-278
[30]于兴河,陈建阳,张志杰,等.油气储层相控随机建模技术的约束方法[J].地学前缘, 2005,12(3):237-243
[31]李龙滟,陈恭洋,李功权,等.运用储层地震响应信息约束储层随机模拟—以W12-x油田WⅢ,Ⅳ段储层为例[J].矿物岩石,2000,20(4):86-91
[32]吴胜和,熊琦华.储层建模中随机模型的地质适用性分析[A].石油地球科学文集[C].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:47-53
[33]胡向阳,熊琦华.标点过程随机模拟方法在沉积微相研究中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(2):19-30
[34] Strebelle S. Conditional Simulation of Complex Geological Structures Using Multiple Point statistics[J]. Mathematical Geology,2002,34(1):1-21
[35] Maharaja A, Journel A.G. Hierarchical Simulation of Multiple-facies Reservoir Using Multiple-point Geostatistics[J]. SPE annual technical conference and exhibition,SPE 95574,2005,12(9):1-15
[36]杜启振,侯加根.储层随机建模综述[J].世界石油知识,1997,5(2):24-29
[37]李少华,张昌民,尹艳树.河流相储层随机建模的几种方法[J].西安石油学院学报(自然科学版),2003,18(5):10-16
[38] Journel A.G. Stochastic Modeling of A Fluvial Reservoir:A Comparative Review of Algorithms [J]. SPE,1998,21(2):95-121
[39]廖新维,李少华,朱义清.地质条件约束下的储集层随机建模[J].石油勘探与开发, 2004,31(增刊):92-94
[40]王仲林,徐守余.河流相储集层定量建模研究[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(1):75-78
[41]林博,戴俊生,冀国盛,等.河流相建筑结构随机建模与剩余油分布关系研究[J]. 2007,28(4):81-85
[42]薛家峰,王家华.多次储层随机建模与砂体预测符合率[J].石油学报,2003, 24(5):79-83
[43]张会勇,吴小军,阿布都热西提·吐尔逊,等.油藏描述与数值模拟一体化技术的实现[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(2):196-198
[44]付国强,张国栋,吴义杰,等.河流相砂岩油藏综合地质评价建模[J].石油学报, 2000,21(5):21-26
[45] Clayton V.D. Geostatistical Reservoir Modeling[M]. London:Oxford University Press, 2002:193-244
[46]何更生.油层物理[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994,62-65
[47]刘显太.东海油气田A油藏跟踪研究及效果分析.西南石油学院学报,25(2), 2003:15-18
[48]景凤江,宋春华,张金庆.储层地质模型与油藏模拟模型之间的桥梁[J].中国海上油田(地质),2002,16(3):212-214
[49]祁大晟,裴柏林.油藏模型网格粗化的理论与方法[J].新疆石油地质,2008, 29(1):91-93
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