黄瓜穴盘苗徒长机理及控制技术的研究
摘要
本课题以黄瓜（Cucumis Sativus L.）为试材，针对穴盘育苗中经常出现的徒长现象，研究了不同夜温和昼夜恒温下黄瓜穴盘苗徒长的机理，及在不同生育时期采用不同DPC和PP333浓度控制幼苗徒长的效果。旨在为提高幼苗素质，增加产量，更好地推广穴盘育苗技术提供理论基础和技术支持。试验主要结果如下：
1. 不同夜温和昼夜恒温下，随温度降低下胚轴高度明显下降，下胚轴粗在20℃下为最大；昼温相同时，夜温越低即昼夜温差越大下胚轴高度白天增加越快，夜间增加越慢；20℃下幼苗的干物质积累、根冠比均显著高于13℃、27℃，表明幼苗素质的提高。
2. 随昼夜恒温的降低，黄瓜幼苗叶片中光合色素含量和硝酸还原酶活性明显下降，而可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量明显增加，且与温度变化成正相关。昼温一定时，随夜温的降低，光合色素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及硝酸还原酶活性的变化趋势同昼夜恒温，但其绝对含量要高于昼夜恒温。不同温度下根和茎中的N含量、各部位P含量及叶中K含量均随温度的降低而升高，而低温使叶中N含量和根茎中K含量有所降低。
3. 根叶中GA、IAA、ABA和茎中IAA、ZR含量随夜温的降低而升高，根中ZR含量则减少，低夜温下根中GA/ABA的升高促进了根系的生长；高夜温下茎中GA/ABA较高，促进了茎的伸长生长。13℃夜温下茎中ABA含量开始低，第6天晚后又高于20℃和27℃。低温诱导的ABA含量的显著增加抑制了黄瓜幼苗的营养生长，导致后期植株营养供应不足，影响了幼苗素质的提高。
4. 昼温一定时，夜温以20℃左右形成的黄瓜幼苗质量最高；而昼夜恒温条件下则以20℃~27℃之间最有利于培育出健壮的黄瓜幼苗。不同夜
温下即有昼夜温差时更有利于干物质和光合产物的积累，提高植株对环境条件的适应能力。
5. 与CK相比，DPC和PP333采用基质表面和子叶期喷洒处理均降低了幼苗株高和含水量，增加了茎粗、干物质积累、根冠比、G值、壮苗指数、光合色素含量和光合参数，且与使用浓度成正相关，明显表现出壮苗效果。DPC和PP333处理使植株各部位大量元素含量得到不同程度地提高。DPC处理的N、P、K含量均随浓度升高而增加；PP333基质表面处理的根茎中N含量、根中P含量及子叶期处理的叶中N含量和根中K含量均以20mg/L为最高。
6. DPC和PP333处理后，黄瓜幼苗叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量均显著高于对照，且与使用浓度成正相关，有利于提高植株的抗逆性。与CK相比，DPC和PP333处理均使黄瓜幼苗叶片中SOD活性有所降低，POD活性则显著升高，CAT活性受其影响不大。
7. DPC均以高浓度（150mg/L）处理有效地控制了黄瓜幼苗的高度，提高了秧苗素质和其它生理生化特性；PP333处理则以低中浓度（10~20 mg/L）效果较好。两种处理方式相比，基质表面处理由于能较好控制刚刚出苗时胚轴的徒长，且不直接作用于植株本身，因此可视为较好的处理措施。
In view of the stem overgrowth which often occurred in the plug seedlings, this subject studied the overgrowth mechanism of cucumber plug seedlings in different night temperature and same day-night temperature. In addition, DPC and PP333 were used to control the overgrowth. Different concentrations were used in different fertility period in order to improve the quality of the seedlings, increase the yield and provide further theoretical bases and technological guide for popularization of the plug seedlings. The main results were as follows:
1. At different night temperature and the same day and night temperature, hypocotyl height was reduced with the declined temperature; 20℃ was most suitable for the growth of hypocotyl thickness. When daytime temperature was same, at lower night temperature, the growth rate of plant height in the daytime was quicker and that of plant height in the night was slower. The dry matter accumulations, root: shoot ratio, G value and robust seedling index at 20℃ were all higher than 13℃and 27℃.
The lower temperature reduced the photosynthetic pigment content and nitrate reductase activities in leaves of cucumber seedlings, inversely enhanced the content of the soluble sugar and soluble protein, which were in direct proportion to the changes of temperature. What's more, difference in day and night temperature was beneficial to the accumulation of organic matter and
2. enhances the adaptability of the plant to the unfavorable environment. From the effect of different temperatures on the absorption of macro elements on cucumber seedlings, we can conclude that N content in the root and shoot, P content in plant and K content in leaves increased with lowering of temperature. However, lower temperature decreased N content in leaves and K content in roots and shoots.
3. GA, IAA, ABA content in roots and leaves and IAA, ZR content in shoot increased with the lowering of temperature, ZR content in roots decreased inversely. GA content in shoot was higher at high night temperature, which promoted the elongation of shoot; ABA content in shoot and ZR content in leaves were low at first and higher than two other treatments a few days later at low night temperature. Outstanding increase of ABA content induced by lower temperature inhibited the vegetable growth of cucumber seedlings, which caused the inadequate supply in later period and influenced the improvement of seedlings quality.
4. When day temperature was steady, the quality of cucumber seedlings was highest at about 20℃ in the night. 20℃~27℃ was beneficial to grow robust seedlings at same temperature in the day and night. Difference between day and night temperatures was helpful to accumulation of dry matter and production of photosynthesis and enhances the adaptability to the environment.
Compared with CK, with the treatment of DPC and PP333 on the surface of the substrate and in the cotyledon period, plant height was reduced and stem diameter was enhanced; dry matter accumulation, root: shoot ratio, G value and robust seedling index increased and content of water was reduced; photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic parameters in leaves were enhanced, indicating that DPC and PP333 had good effect on seedling quality. With the treatment of DPC and PP333 in two different periods, macro elements content in plant were enhanced in varying degrees. N、P、K contents increased
5. with the DPC concentration enhancement; N content in roots and shoots, P content in root with PP333 treatment on the surface of substrate and N content in leaves and K content in root were highest at 20mg/L with treatment in the cotyledon period.
6. Contents of the soluble sugar, soluble protein(Pr) and praline(Pro) were higher remarkably than CK, and content increase was in direct proportion to the concentration of DPC and PP333,which was beneficial to enhancing the resistance of cucumber seedlings to adverse environment. Compared with CK, in different treatment SOD activities were reduced, POD activities were enhanced strik
1. 不同夜温和昼夜恒温下，随温度降低下胚轴高度明显下降，下胚轴粗在20℃下为最大；昼温相同时，夜温越低即昼夜温差越大下胚轴高度白天增加越快，夜间增加越慢；20℃下幼苗的干物质积累、根冠比均显著高于13℃、27℃，表明幼苗素质的提高。
2. 随昼夜恒温的降低，黄瓜幼苗叶片中光合色素含量和硝酸还原酶活性明显下降，而可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量明显增加，且与温度变化成正相关。昼温一定时，随夜温的降低，光合色素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量及硝酸还原酶活性的变化趋势同昼夜恒温，但其绝对含量要高于昼夜恒温。不同温度下根和茎中的N含量、各部位P含量及叶中K含量均随温度的降低而升高，而低温使叶中N含量和根茎中K含量有所降低。
3. 根叶中GA、IAA、ABA和茎中IAA、ZR含量随夜温的降低而升高，根中ZR含量则减少，低夜温下根中GA/ABA的升高促进了根系的生长；高夜温下茎中GA/ABA较高，促进了茎的伸长生长。13℃夜温下茎中ABA含量开始低，第6天晚后又高于20℃和27℃。低温诱导的ABA含量的显著增加抑制了黄瓜幼苗的营养生长，导致后期植株营养供应不足，影响了幼苗素质的提高。
4. 昼温一定时，夜温以20℃左右形成的黄瓜幼苗质量最高；而昼夜恒温条件下则以20℃~27℃之间最有利于培育出健壮的黄瓜幼苗。不同夜
温下即有昼夜温差时更有利于干物质和光合产物的积累，提高植株对环境条件的适应能力。
5. 与CK相比，DPC和PP333采用基质表面和子叶期喷洒处理均降低了幼苗株高和含水量，增加了茎粗、干物质积累、根冠比、G值、壮苗指数、光合色素含量和光合参数，且与使用浓度成正相关，明显表现出壮苗效果。DPC和PP333处理使植株各部位大量元素含量得到不同程度地提高。DPC处理的N、P、K含量均随浓度升高而增加；PP333基质表面处理的根茎中N含量、根中P含量及子叶期处理的叶中N含量和根中K含量均以20mg/L为最高。
6. DPC和PP333处理后，黄瓜幼苗叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量均显著高于对照，且与使用浓度成正相关，有利于提高植株的抗逆性。与CK相比，DPC和PP333处理均使黄瓜幼苗叶片中SOD活性有所降低，POD活性则显著升高，CAT活性受其影响不大。
7. DPC均以高浓度（150mg/L）处理有效地控制了黄瓜幼苗的高度，提高了秧苗素质和其它生理生化特性；PP333处理则以低中浓度（10~20 mg/L）效果较好。两种处理方式相比，基质表面处理由于能较好控制刚刚出苗时胚轴的徒长，且不直接作用于植株本身，因此可视为较好的处理措施。
In view of the stem overgrowth which often occurred in the plug seedlings, this subject studied the overgrowth mechanism of cucumber plug seedlings in different night temperature and same day-night temperature. In addition, DPC and PP333 were used to control the overgrowth. Different concentrations were used in different fertility period in order to improve the quality of the seedlings, increase the yield and provide further theoretical bases and technological guide for popularization of the plug seedlings. The main results were as follows:
1. At different night temperature and the same day and night temperature, hypocotyl height was reduced with the declined temperature; 20℃ was most suitable for the growth of hypocotyl thickness. When daytime temperature was same, at lower night temperature, the growth rate of plant height in the daytime was quicker and that of plant height in the night was slower. The dry matter accumulations, root: shoot ratio, G value and robust seedling index at 20℃ were all higher than 13℃and 27℃.
The lower temperature reduced the photosynthetic pigment content and nitrate reductase activities in leaves of cucumber seedlings, inversely enhanced the content of the soluble sugar and soluble protein, which were in direct proportion to the changes of temperature. What's more, difference in day and night temperature was beneficial to the accumulation of organic matter and
2. enhances the adaptability of the plant to the unfavorable environment. From the effect of different temperatures on the absorption of macro elements on cucumber seedlings, we can conclude that N content in the root and shoot, P content in plant and K content in leaves increased with lowering of temperature. However, lower temperature decreased N content in leaves and K content in roots and shoots.
3. GA, IAA, ABA content in roots and leaves and IAA, ZR content in shoot increased with the lowering of temperature, ZR content in roots decreased inversely. GA content in shoot was higher at high night temperature, which promoted the elongation of shoot; ABA content in shoot and ZR content in leaves were low at first and higher than two other treatments a few days later at low night temperature. Outstanding increase of ABA content induced by lower temperature inhibited the vegetable growth of cucumber seedlings, which caused the inadequate supply in later period and influenced the improvement of seedlings quality.
4. When day temperature was steady, the quality of cucumber seedlings was highest at about 20℃ in the night. 20℃~27℃ was beneficial to grow robust seedlings at same temperature in the day and night. Difference between day and night temperatures was helpful to accumulation of dry matter and production of photosynthesis and enhances the adaptability to the environment.
Compared with CK, with the treatment of DPC and PP333 on the surface of the substrate and in the cotyledon period, plant height was reduced and stem diameter was enhanced; dry matter accumulation, root: shoot ratio, G value and robust seedling index increased and content of water was reduced; photosynthetic pigment content and photosynthetic parameters in leaves were enhanced, indicating that DPC and PP333 had good effect on seedling quality. With the treatment of DPC and PP333 in two different periods, macro elements content in plant were enhanced in varying degrees. N、P、K contents increased
5. with the DPC concentration enhancement; N content in roots and shoots, P content in root with PP333 treatment on the surface of substrate and N content in leaves and K content in root were highest at 20mg/L with treatment in the cotyledon period.
6. Contents of the soluble sugar, soluble protein(Pr) and praline(Pro) were higher remarkably than CK, and content increase was in direct proportion to the concentration of DPC and PP333,which was beneficial to enhancing the resistance of cucumber seedlings to adverse environment. Compared with CK, in different treatment SOD activities were reduced, POD activities were enhanced strik
引文
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