沥青路面近荷载区Top-Down裂缝形成机理及扩展规律分析
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摘要
Top-Down裂缝是沥青路面一种新型早期病害形式,成因复杂,影响深远,是近年来国内外研究的热点及难点问题之一。因此,深入了解Top-Down裂缝开裂机理及开裂扩展规律,对于优选沥青混合料,提高路面结构抗裂设计、改进现有路面设计方法以及合理利用资金均具有重要意义。
本文搜集回顾了大量国内外相关文献和研究成果,对沥青路面表面裂缝的研究做了归类总结。鉴于影响因素的多样性和复杂性,本文仅借助有限元方法,建立三维模型,重点讨论分析静载(凹形荷载、凸形荷载、均布荷载)条件下近荷载区路面的应力应变响应规律,总结分析出Top-Down裂缝形成的可能位置及原因。计算分析表明,路面近荷载区不均匀分布的高应力应变区容易形成表面裂缝,非均布荷载及基层模量会显著影响近荷载区路面高应力应变区的分布,从而影响表面裂缝的初始发生位置及时间。
此外,借助线弹性断裂力学有限元法,模拟分析了不同路面结构参数、不同裂缝自身性状条件下,沥青路面表面裂缝尖端应力强度因子的发育规律。研究认为：不论面层厚度多大,裂缝切入深度均会显著影响应力强度因子；但裂缝沿行车道方向水平贯穿长度仅对靠近荷载位置处应力强度因子有显著影响。路面结构参数会显著影响应力强度因子,且影响规律具有相似性。不论路面结构参数如何,裂缝开裂至距路表面3-4cm时,应力强度因子值均处于极不利状态。
Top-down crack is a new form of asphalt pavement early destructions, which will result in loose, peel and even pit slot, influencing structure durability and driving safety. Therefore, we should have a further study of top-down crack formation mechanism and propagation law to guide material selection, advance anti-crack design of pavement, and to improve the existing road design method and to use money reasonable.
This paper collected plentiful relevant literatures about top-down crack both at home and abroad, and classified research results. Though effect factors are diverse and complex, this paper just set up 3-D models by using finite element method, focusing on analyzing mechanical responses in the near static loads areas(concave load, convex load and uniformly distributed load) to summarize and extract possible reasons and positions of top-down crack. Calculated results show that, top-down cracks easily appear in the areas of high stress and strain which distributed non-uniformly near loads.In addition, non-uniformly distributed loads and grassroots modulus will significantly impact distributions of high stress an strain near load, affecting initial position and appear time of top-down crack.
In addition, with the help of finite element linear elastic fracture mechanics, this paper simulated and analyzed propagation law of stress intensity factors at top-down crack tips under different pavement structure parameters and crack characters.Main conclusions are as follows: no matter how many surface layer thickness are, crack depth will obviously influence stress intensity factors; while, crack length along carriageways only has significant influences on stress intensity factors near loads.Besides, pavement structure parameters have notable and similar influences on stress intensity factors. Regardless of pavement structure parameters, stress intensity factors are extremely adverse when crack depth is 3-4cm.
本文搜集回顾了大量国内外相关文献和研究成果,对沥青路面表面裂缝的研究做了归类总结。鉴于影响因素的多样性和复杂性,本文仅借助有限元方法,建立三维模型,重点讨论分析静载(凹形荷载、凸形荷载、均布荷载)条件下近荷载区路面的应力应变响应规律,总结分析出Top-Down裂缝形成的可能位置及原因。计算分析表明,路面近荷载区不均匀分布的高应力应变区容易形成表面裂缝,非均布荷载及基层模量会显著影响近荷载区路面高应力应变区的分布,从而影响表面裂缝的初始发生位置及时间。
此外,借助线弹性断裂力学有限元法,模拟分析了不同路面结构参数、不同裂缝自身性状条件下,沥青路面表面裂缝尖端应力强度因子的发育规律。研究认为：不论面层厚度多大,裂缝切入深度均会显著影响应力强度因子；但裂缝沿行车道方向水平贯穿长度仅对靠近荷载位置处应力强度因子有显著影响。路面结构参数会显著影响应力强度因子,且影响规律具有相似性。不论路面结构参数如何,裂缝开裂至距路表面3-4cm时,应力强度因子值均处于极不利状态。
Top-down crack is a new form of asphalt pavement early destructions, which will result in loose, peel and even pit slot, influencing structure durability and driving safety. Therefore, we should have a further study of top-down crack formation mechanism and propagation law to guide material selection, advance anti-crack design of pavement, and to improve the existing road design method and to use money reasonable.
This paper collected plentiful relevant literatures about top-down crack both at home and abroad, and classified research results. Though effect factors are diverse and complex, this paper just set up 3-D models by using finite element method, focusing on analyzing mechanical responses in the near static loads areas(concave load, convex load and uniformly distributed load) to summarize and extract possible reasons and positions of top-down crack. Calculated results show that, top-down cracks easily appear in the areas of high stress and strain which distributed non-uniformly near loads.In addition, non-uniformly distributed loads and grassroots modulus will significantly impact distributions of high stress an strain near load, affecting initial position and appear time of top-down crack.
In addition, with the help of finite element linear elastic fracture mechanics, this paper simulated and analyzed propagation law of stress intensity factors at top-down crack tips under different pavement structure parameters and crack characters.Main conclusions are as follows: no matter how many surface layer thickness are, crack depth will obviously influence stress intensity factors; while, crack length along carriageways only has significant influences on stress intensity factors near loads.Besides, pavement structure parameters have notable and similar influences on stress intensity factors. Regardless of pavement structure parameters, stress intensity factors are extremely adverse when crack depth is 3-4cm.
引文
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[2]Barsoums.R.S.On the Use of Isoparametric Finite Element Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics.Int. J. Numer.Vol10
[3]Bill Tsoumbanos. Top-Down cracking in melbourne pavements [R].Canberra Australia: 22nd ARRB Conference-Research into Practice,2006
[4]程亮.基于线弹性断裂力学的沥青路面结构分析[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[5]Chell G G.The stress intensity factors and crack profiles for center and edge cracks in plates subjected to arbitrary stresses.Int.J.Fracture,1976,12(1):33-46
[6]邓学钧.路基路面工程[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[7]丁武洋.路面结构裂缝问题的理论分析与应用研究[D].郑州：郑州大学,2002
[8]范天佑.断裂理论基础[M].北京：科学出版社,2003：73-111
[9]郭勇,蔚夺魁,王相平.裂纹尖端应力强度因子计算方法的工程应用研究[J].航空发动机,2007,33(3)：25-28
[10]郭峰.沥青路面纵向裂缝扩展的数值模拟分析[D].长春：吉林大学,2009
[11]Hosseini A,Mahmoud MA.Evaluation of stress intensity factor and fatigue growth of surface cracks in tension plates.Engng Fracture Mech,1985,22:957-974
[12]黄克智,高玉臣.断裂力学中的裂纹尖端奇异场[J].力学进展,1984,14(4)：405-414
[13]黄志涛.沥青路面Top-Down开裂评价[J].市政·交通·水利工程设计,2008,63-66
[14]林晓斌,Roderick A. Smith应用三维有限元法计算应力强度因子[J].中国机械工程,1998,9(11)：39-42
[15]Lin XB,Smith RA.Stress intensity factors for semi-elliptical surface cracks in semicircularly notched tension plates. Journal of strain analysis,1997,32:229-236
[16]Lin XB,Smith RA.Finite element modeling of fatigue crack growth of surface cracked plates Part I:The numerical technique. Engng Fracturre Mech,1999,63:503-522
[17]刘晓丰.行车荷载作用下沥青混凝土路面破裂分析[D].长沙：中南大学,2010
[18]刘得成.模拟沥青混凝土疲劳裂缝之成长[D].台湾：国立成功大学,2004
[19]李峰,孙立军.沥青路面Top-Down开裂成因的有限元分析[J].公路交通科技,2006, 23(6)：1-4
[20]李海龙,郭成超,张蓓.移动荷载作用下沥青路面表面裂缝应力强度因子分析[J].道路工程,2009,2009(2)：33-36
[21]李鹏辉.沥青路面裂纹扩展数值与实验研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2007
[22]李永东.沥青与应用断裂力学[M].北京：兵器工业出版社,2005：61-70
[23]龙光.行车荷载作用下沥青路面表面裂缝的扩展以及疲劳寿命的研究[D].西安：长安大学,2008
[24]罗辉.沥青路面粘弹性响应分析及裂纹扩展研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2007
[25]罗睿,黄晓明.沥青路面表面裂缝应力强度因子计算方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2002,19(1)：12-15
[26]马正军.于表面裂缝的沥青路面疲劳断裂分析[D].长沙：湖南大学,2005
[27]毛成.沥青路面裂纹形成机理及扩展行为研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2004
[28]毛成,邱延峻,李云鹏.沥青路面表面裂纹扩展数值模拟机影响因素分析[J].西南交通大学学报,2004,39(4)：437-441
[29]Mahmoud MA,Hosseini A,Assessment of stress intensity factor and aspect ratio variability of surface cracks in bending plates. Engng Fracturre Mech,1986,24:204-221
[30]Monismith C L, Coetzz N F. Reflection Cracking:Analysis, Laboratory state and design considerations.Proceedings of AAPT.1980,49:268-313
[31]MYERS L, R ROQUE. Top-Down Crack Propagation in Bituminous Pavements and Implications for Pavement management[J]. Proceedings of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists,2002,71:651-670
[32]Newman Jr JC,Raju IS.An empirical stress intensity factor equation for the surface crack.Engng Fracturre Mech,1981,15:185-192
[33]潘昊宇.沥青路面表面开裂的有限元分析[D].重庆：重庆交通大学,2009
[34]彭妙娟,张登良,夏永旭.半刚性基层沥青路面的断裂力学计算方法及其应用[J].中国公路学报,1998,11(2)：30-38
[35]Pyeong Junyoo.Flexible pavement dynamic response analysis and validation for various tire configurations[D].Illinois:The University of Illinois at Urbana-Chamaign,2007
[36]Rice J R. Some remarks on elastic crack-tip stress fields. Int J Solids Structures,1972, 8:751-758
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