基于双向变流器技术的蓄电池充放电装置的研究
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摘要
蓄电池在国民生产各部门应用越来越广泛，如何能快速、安全、高效地各蓄电池充放电就变得更为重要。传统的充电机大多采用直接整流或晶闸管整流，虽然技术成熟、价格低廉，但存在许多缺点。为此本文针对实际需求，对PWM蓄电池充放电系统进行研究，设计了一种高效、高功率、节能的蓄电池充放电系统。
在分析蓄电池的工作原理及充放电特性基础上，采用工作模式和工作参数可灵活设定的智能充放电方法可以使充放电过程较好地模拟最佳充电曲线。
文章分析了三相电压型可逆PWM变流器的工作原理，设计了以IPM智能型功率模块为中心的三相可逆PWM变流器。根据实时控制的要求，采用TI公司的通用数字信号处理器TMS320F240编写了控制算法，实现对可逆变流器的实时控制、功率因数可调、稳压和稳流输出以及能量双向流动。为了满足工作模式和参数可设定，采用MSP430F149单片机实现，并完成和PC机的通讯。通过PC机可以很直观了解装置的运行状态。
在推导可逆变流器数学模型的基础上，建成MATLAB仿真模型。并通过仿真试验，来进行控制方法的选择和调节器的设计。最后进行了系统试验，试验结果验证了控制策略和仿真的正确性。
With the more and more wildly use of storage battery in every field of nation,how to charge the battery quickly,safely and efficiently become very important.Direct rectifying or rectifying using thyristor is adopted by most traditional charge device. Though it has complete technique and low price using that two method of rectifying,it also has many disadvantages.So,high frequency,high efficiency and small volume.A high-efficiency,high-power and energy-saving PWM storage battery charge and discharge system is presented in this paper.
On the basis of analyzing the working principle and charging peculiarity of battery,we adopte the intellectual charge and discharge method of working module and working parameter expediently installed to make the charging course simulate the best charging curve.
This paper researchs the principle of three-phase Voltage-Source reversible PWM inverter. The converter based on the intelligent power module(IPM) is designed. For the requirement of real-control, the control algorithm is wrote with the TI company's commom digital signal processor TMS320F240,so the real-control, adjustable power factor, constant voltage and current output and two-way transtormation of energy are realized. In order to fulfill working module and working parameter can be installed,MSP430F149 also made by TI company is choosed. It also achieve communication with PC. you may get the operating state of device by PC.
On the basis of deducing the reversible converter's mathematical model,the Matlab simulation model is achieved. The choice of control strategy and design of modulater. Finally,the experimental results verify the correctness of the proposed control strategy and simulation.
在分析蓄电池的工作原理及充放电特性基础上，采用工作模式和工作参数可灵活设定的智能充放电方法可以使充放电过程较好地模拟最佳充电曲线。
文章分析了三相电压型可逆PWM变流器的工作原理，设计了以IPM智能型功率模块为中心的三相可逆PWM变流器。根据实时控制的要求，采用TI公司的通用数字信号处理器TMS320F240编写了控制算法，实现对可逆变流器的实时控制、功率因数可调、稳压和稳流输出以及能量双向流动。为了满足工作模式和参数可设定，采用MSP430F149单片机实现，并完成和PC机的通讯。通过PC机可以很直观了解装置的运行状态。
在推导可逆变流器数学模型的基础上，建成MATLAB仿真模型。并通过仿真试验，来进行控制方法的选择和调节器的设计。最后进行了系统试验，试验结果验证了控制策略和仿真的正确性。
With the more and more wildly use of storage battery in every field of nation,how to charge the battery quickly,safely and efficiently become very important.Direct rectifying or rectifying using thyristor is adopted by most traditional charge device. Though it has complete technique and low price using that two method of rectifying,it also has many disadvantages.So,high frequency,high efficiency and small volume.A high-efficiency,high-power and energy-saving PWM storage battery charge and discharge system is presented in this paper.
On the basis of analyzing the working principle and charging peculiarity of battery,we adopte the intellectual charge and discharge method of working module and working parameter expediently installed to make the charging course simulate the best charging curve.
This paper researchs the principle of three-phase Voltage-Source reversible PWM inverter. The converter based on the intelligent power module(IPM) is designed. For the requirement of real-control, the control algorithm is wrote with the TI company's commom digital signal processor TMS320F240,so the real-control, adjustable power factor, constant voltage and current output and two-way transtormation of energy are realized. In order to fulfill working module and working parameter can be installed,MSP430F149 also made by TI company is choosed. It also achieve communication with PC. you may get the operating state of device by PC.
On the basis of deducing the reversible converter's mathematical model,the Matlab simulation model is achieved. The choice of control strategy and design of modulater. Finally,the experimental results verify the correctness of the proposed control strategy and simulation.
引文
[1] 刘晓娟．基于现场总线的电力直流操作电源监控系统的研制，2001年9月西安交通大学
[2] 杨伟珍．晶闸管充电机的故障分析及相位调试方法，煤炭自动化,2001年1月29～31
[3] 王新，杜庆楠．微机控制直流电源充电电机数字控制器的研究，煤炭自动化2000(5)：6～8
[4] 吴兵峰．电动汽车脉冲快速充电器的研究，北京理工大学，2002年2月
[5] 毕大成．电动汽车用动力铅酸蓄电池快速充电控制策略及巡检智能监控系统的研究北方交通大学，2000(1)
[6] 姜学东．大容量蓄电池组充放电设备的研制，电力电子技术，1999年第2期
[7] 贾英江，贾向英．浅谈蓄电池充电．移动电源与车辆，1998(4)：22～24
[8] An intelligent instrumentation system for testing fast-charging process in high-capacity batteries, Yiera, J.C;Gonzalez, M;Carballo;Blanco, C;Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2000, IMTC 2000, Preceedings of the 17th IEEE, Volume:3,2000, Page(s)1372-1376 vol. 3
[9] 冯义．一种智能充电系统的初步研究，北京，中国农业大学硕士论文，2000年3月
[10] 张艳莉，费万民．大功率电池智能充电机控制器的研究，华北电力技术，2001(5)：40～43
[11] Battery life estimation ofmobile embedded systems,Panigrghi T, D:Panigrahi,D;Chiasserina, C;Dey, S;Rao, R;Raghunathan, A;Lahire, D;VLSI Design, 2001. Fourteenth International Conferernce on, 2001, Page(s):57-63
[12] Capacity estimating method of lead-acid battery by short-time dischargeintroduction of approximate expression of discharge curve obtained by compound expression of straight line and hyperbola, Kurisawa, I;Iwate, M;Telecommunications Energy Conference,1997, INTELEC 97,19th International, 19-23 Oct 1997, Page(s):483-490
[13] TMS320 Family Development Support Reference Guide. Texas Instruments, 1990
[14] TMS320 Fixed. point DSP Assembly Language Tools User's Guide. Texas Instruments, 1991
[15] 徐科军，张兴，肖本贤等．TMS320LF／LC24系列DSP的CPU与外设，北京：清华大学出版社，2004年4月
[16] 胡大可，FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机，北京航空航天大学出版社，2001年11月
[17] 黄俊，王兆安．电力电子变流技术，机械工业出版社，1994
[18] Marian.P.Kazmierkowski and Luigi.Malesani, Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters. A Surrey. IEEE Trans Ind Electronics, 1998, 45(5):691-703
[19] Dixon.J.W and Ooi.B.T, Indirect current control of a uniy power factor sinusoidal current
boost type three-phase rectifier. IEEE Trans Power Electron,1998,35:355～364
[20] 杨德刚，刘润生，赵良炳．三相高功率因数整流器的电流控制．电工技术学报．2002(2)：83～87
[21] Marian.P.Kazmierkowski and Luigi.Malesani, Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters. A Surrey. IEEE Trans Ind Electronics, 1998, 45(5): 691～703
[22] Wu.R and Dewan.S.B etc, A PWM AC-to-DC converter with fixed switching frequency. IEEE Trans Ind Appl,1990, 26:880～885
[23] Habetler.T.G, A space Vecter-based rectifier regulator for AC/DC/AC converters, IEEE Trans Power Electron. 1993.8:30～36
[24] 张兴，张崇巍．PWM可逆变流器空间电压矢量控制技术的研究．中国电机工程学报．2001(10)：102～105
[25] 张兴．采用新型PWM控制的变频调速系统．电气传动．1997(3)：21～24
[26] 曾江，焦连伟等．有源滤波器定频滞环电流控制新方法．电网技术．2000(6)：1～8
[27] Zaohong.Yang and Paresh.C.Sen, A novel technique to achieve unity power factor and fast transient response in ac-to-dc converter. IEEE Trans Power Electronics, 2001, 16(6):764～775
[28] 胡寿松．自动控制原理．国防工业出出版社．1994
[29] 张兴．蓄电池充、放电装置中的PWMAC／DC变流器设计．电工电能新技术2002(1)：36～39
[30] 李士勇．模糊控制、神经控制和智能控制论，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1996
[31] Bor-Ren Lin,Chihchiang Hua, Uninterruptible Power Supply with Fuzzy Logic Aproach.IEEE-IECON93,1993:1123-1128
[32] 张波涛，马伟明等．模糊电流追踪型PWM技术，电力电子技术，2002，36(4)：59—61
[33] 薛定宇．控制系统计算机辅助设计—MATLAB语言及应用，北京，清华大学出版社，1996
[34] 郑颖楠等．一种基于Matlab的可逆整流器仿真模型．电力电子技术，2000(2)：47～48
[35] 沈艳霞，周平，纪志成．Matlab在电力电子学仿真中的应用．无锡轻工业大学学报，2001(1)．92～95
[2] 杨伟珍．晶闸管充电机的故障分析及相位调试方法，煤炭自动化,2001年1月29～31
[3] 王新，杜庆楠．微机控制直流电源充电电机数字控制器的研究，煤炭自动化2000(5)：6～8
[4] 吴兵峰．电动汽车脉冲快速充电器的研究，北京理工大学，2002年2月
[5] 毕大成．电动汽车用动力铅酸蓄电池快速充电控制策略及巡检智能监控系统的研究北方交通大学，2000(1)
[6] 姜学东．大容量蓄电池组充放电设备的研制，电力电子技术，1999年第2期
[7] 贾英江，贾向英．浅谈蓄电池充电．移动电源与车辆，1998(4)：22～24
[8] An intelligent instrumentation system for testing fast-charging process in high-capacity batteries, Yiera, J.C;Gonzalez, M;Carballo;Blanco, C;Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, 2000, IMTC 2000, Preceedings of the 17th IEEE, Volume:3,2000, Page(s)1372-1376 vol. 3
[9] 冯义．一种智能充电系统的初步研究，北京，中国农业大学硕士论文，2000年3月
[10] 张艳莉，费万民．大功率电池智能充电机控制器的研究，华北电力技术，2001(5)：40～43
[11] Battery life estimation ofmobile embedded systems,Panigrghi T, D:Panigrahi,D;Chiasserina, C;Dey, S;Rao, R;Raghunathan, A;Lahire, D;VLSI Design, 2001. Fourteenth International Conferernce on, 2001, Page(s):57-63
[12] Capacity estimating method of lead-acid battery by short-time dischargeintroduction of approximate expression of discharge curve obtained by compound expression of straight line and hyperbola, Kurisawa, I;Iwate, M;Telecommunications Energy Conference,1997, INTELEC 97,19th International, 19-23 Oct 1997, Page(s):483-490
[13] TMS320 Family Development Support Reference Guide. Texas Instruments, 1990
[14] TMS320 Fixed. point DSP Assembly Language Tools User's Guide. Texas Instruments, 1991
[15] 徐科军，张兴，肖本贤等．TMS320LF／LC24系列DSP的CPU与外设，北京：清华大学出版社，2004年4月
[16] 胡大可，FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机，北京航空航天大学出版社，2001年11月
[17] 黄俊，王兆安．电力电子变流技术，机械工业出版社，1994
[18] Marian.P.Kazmierkowski and Luigi.Malesani, Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters. A Surrey. IEEE Trans Ind Electronics, 1998, 45(5):691-703
[19] Dixon.J.W and Ooi.B.T, Indirect current control of a uniy power factor sinusoidal current
boost type three-phase rectifier. IEEE Trans Power Electron,1998,35:355～364
[20] 杨德刚，刘润生，赵良炳．三相高功率因数整流器的电流控制．电工技术学报．2002(2)：83～87
[21] Marian.P.Kazmierkowski and Luigi.Malesani, Current control techniques for three-phase voltage-source PWM converters. A Surrey. IEEE Trans Ind Electronics, 1998, 45(5): 691～703
[22] Wu.R and Dewan.S.B etc, A PWM AC-to-DC converter with fixed switching frequency. IEEE Trans Ind Appl,1990, 26:880～885
[23] Habetler.T.G, A space Vecter-based rectifier regulator for AC/DC/AC converters, IEEE Trans Power Electron. 1993.8:30～36
[24] 张兴，张崇巍．PWM可逆变流器空间电压矢量控制技术的研究．中国电机工程学报．2001(10)：102～105
[25] 张兴．采用新型PWM控制的变频调速系统．电气传动．1997(3)：21～24
[26] 曾江，焦连伟等．有源滤波器定频滞环电流控制新方法．电网技术．2000(6)：1～8
[27] Zaohong.Yang and Paresh.C.Sen, A novel technique to achieve unity power factor and fast transient response in ac-to-dc converter. IEEE Trans Power Electronics, 2001, 16(6):764～775
[28] 胡寿松．自动控制原理．国防工业出出版社．1994
[29] 张兴．蓄电池充、放电装置中的PWMAC／DC变流器设计．电工电能新技术2002(1)：36～39
[30] 李士勇．模糊控制、神经控制和智能控制论，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1996
[31] Bor-Ren Lin,Chihchiang Hua, Uninterruptible Power Supply with Fuzzy Logic Aproach.IEEE-IECON93,1993:1123-1128
[32] 张波涛，马伟明等．模糊电流追踪型PWM技术，电力电子技术，2002，36(4)：59—61
[33] 薛定宇．控制系统计算机辅助设计—MATLAB语言及应用，北京，清华大学出版社，1996
[34] 郑颖楠等．一种基于Matlab的可逆整流器仿真模型．电力电子技术，2000(2)：47～48
[35] 沈艳霞，周平，纪志成．Matlab在电力电子学仿真中的应用．无锡轻工业大学学报，2001(1)．92～95
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