基于燃气再循环的高压燃烧技术研究
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摘要
燃气再循环(CGR)技术成功解决了热气机燃烧室的高压燃烧问题。CGR燃烧技术可以有效降低火焰温度,降低NO_x排放,提高发动机热效率,同时它具有结构简洁、效果突出、容易实现等优点。但对于这项技术的研究至今仍然十分有限。
现在,实用的CGR燃烧室都采用引射器作为驱动部件。本文分别从燃烧化学平衡和燃烧室内一维气体动力学的角度出发对由引射驱动的CGR燃烧过程进行了分析,推导了CGR燃烧的化学平衡描述方程和气体动力学描述方程,建立了CGR燃烧的简单模型,给出了CGR燃烧过程状态参数的变化规律和计算方法。针对一个简单的CGR气体燃烧室的数值模拟表明,CGR燃烧可以有效的降低火焰温度。计算结果也证明本文建立的两个CGR燃烧描述方程是统一的。
本文详细介绍了针对热气机外燃系统进行的一系列试验,包括:单根气体引射器高压引射试验、旋流燃烧室内燃油喷雾试验和热气机整机高压燃烧试验。试验对一些影响CGR燃烧的问题作了有益的探索,我们发现:在高背压条件下,引射器的引射比对入射气流的流量变化敏感,而对入射气流供气压力变化不敏感;燃烧室内旋流对燃油喷射雾化是有利的,在一定范围内,粒子群SMD随着旋流强度加强而减小;喷油嘴与旋流场的位置配合对燃油喷雾及粒子群SMD有明显的影响;适当升高油头位置导致加热管热电偶温度升高,火焰热电偶温度降低,火焰变长,火球直径略微变小。
对高压燃烧室内物理量的测量总是极为困难而昂贵的。随着计算机技术和现代计算流体力学(CFD)的进展,燃烧室模拟技术在燃烧室设计和研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文针对所涉及的旋流喷射燃烧室,对燃烧室模拟方法进行了研究。本文对热气机燃烧室进行了全面的数值模拟研究。数值模拟得到中空旋转火焰结构,高温区为贴近挡烟罩的中空环形区域;燃油粒
The technology of Combustion Gases Recirculation (CGR) has successfully solved the problem of high-pressure combustion of Stirling engine. The technology of CGR combustion declines the temperature of flame, depresses the emission of NOX, and enhances thermal efficiency of engine. Compared with other similar technologies, CGR combustion has advantages of simplicity, effectiveness, easy-to-use, and so on. But the researches on this technology are still insufficiency.Now, most of applied CGR combustors use gases ejector as driving component. Chemical stoichiometric analysis and one-dimension thermodynamic analysis are carried out in this thesis, and two kinds of descriptive equations are established. A simple model on CGR combustion is set up, which forecasts the manner of CGR combustion parameters. A numerical simulation on a simple CGR gas combustor is done, and the results show that the flame temperature is depressed obviously with CGR. The calculation results also validate the consistency of the two descriptive equations from two foundations.Experimental studies on external-combustion system of Stirling engine are introduced in this thesis, witch including: experiment of single ejector with high backpressure, experiment of fuel oil spray in combustor and experiment of high-pressure combustion on Stirling engine. Test results show that ejection efficiency of ejector with high pressure is in proportion to mass flow rate of injection flow, but litter influencing by pressure of injection flow; cyclone in combustor is in favor of fuel oil spray, enhancing cyclone results in decline of Sauter Meaning Diameter (SMD) of oil droplets; the cooperation of nozzle and cyclone in combustor do influences the SMD of oil droplets; mildly elevating the
nozzle induces inclining of temperature of thermocouple of heat exchange tubes, declining of temperature of flame thermocouple, elongating of flame and minishing of diameter of fireball.Measuration in high-pressure combustor is always difficult and costly. With the development of computer technology and modern Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD), numerical simulation of combustor is taking more and more important role on combustor design and research. In this thesis, studies on methodology of combustion simulation are done. And a series of numerical simulations are implemented on combustor and key components of external combustion system of Stirling engine. A cone rolling flame is got with an annular high temperature cohering obstruct cover in the combustor simulation. The traces of oil droplets are influenced by cyclone in combustor, and the droplets distributed asymmetric on circumferential direction. Other simulation results on flow, heat transfer and two-phase flow of gas ejector, fuel oil nozzle and cyclone generating baffles show that the pressure near gas nozzle do influences the ejection efficiency of ejector; the operation parameters of ejector affect the ejection efficiency greatly, and the optimal geometrical parameters of ejector changes with them; the static pressure on throat tube of ejector achieves minimum indicates the optimal operation condition of ejector; the diameter of gas nozzle impacts ejection efficiency, in some cases, minishing nozzle diameter makes for efficiency inclining; triangle oil slot mixes and warn-up oil effectively, which declines pressure loss and simplifies machining technics; cyclone generating baffles affect combustor internal flow greatly, and the flow changes the shape of droplet cluster, increases relative velocity of droplets, which is in favor of breakup of droplets.It is the first case to set up a simple model on CGR combustion driving by gas ejector. These works will be a very important reference to farther research on CGR combustion.
现在,实用的CGR燃烧室都采用引射器作为驱动部件。本文分别从燃烧化学平衡和燃烧室内一维气体动力学的角度出发对由引射驱动的CGR燃烧过程进行了分析,推导了CGR燃烧的化学平衡描述方程和气体动力学描述方程,建立了CGR燃烧的简单模型,给出了CGR燃烧过程状态参数的变化规律和计算方法。针对一个简单的CGR气体燃烧室的数值模拟表明,CGR燃烧可以有效的降低火焰温度。计算结果也证明本文建立的两个CGR燃烧描述方程是统一的。
本文详细介绍了针对热气机外燃系统进行的一系列试验,包括:单根气体引射器高压引射试验、旋流燃烧室内燃油喷雾试验和热气机整机高压燃烧试验。试验对一些影响CGR燃烧的问题作了有益的探索,我们发现:在高背压条件下,引射器的引射比对入射气流的流量变化敏感,而对入射气流供气压力变化不敏感;燃烧室内旋流对燃油喷射雾化是有利的,在一定范围内,粒子群SMD随着旋流强度加强而减小;喷油嘴与旋流场的位置配合对燃油喷雾及粒子群SMD有明显的影响;适当升高油头位置导致加热管热电偶温度升高,火焰热电偶温度降低,火焰变长,火球直径略微变小。
对高压燃烧室内物理量的测量总是极为困难而昂贵的。随着计算机技术和现代计算流体力学(CFD)的进展,燃烧室模拟技术在燃烧室设计和研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文针对所涉及的旋流喷射燃烧室,对燃烧室模拟方法进行了研究。本文对热气机燃烧室进行了全面的数值模拟研究。数值模拟得到中空旋转火焰结构,高温区为贴近挡烟罩的中空环形区域;燃油粒
The technology of Combustion Gases Recirculation (CGR) has successfully solved the problem of high-pressure combustion of Stirling engine. The technology of CGR combustion declines the temperature of flame, depresses the emission of NOX, and enhances thermal efficiency of engine. Compared with other similar technologies, CGR combustion has advantages of simplicity, effectiveness, easy-to-use, and so on. But the researches on this technology are still insufficiency.Now, most of applied CGR combustors use gases ejector as driving component. Chemical stoichiometric analysis and one-dimension thermodynamic analysis are carried out in this thesis, and two kinds of descriptive equations are established. A simple model on CGR combustion is set up, which forecasts the manner of CGR combustion parameters. A numerical simulation on a simple CGR gas combustor is done, and the results show that the flame temperature is depressed obviously with CGR. The calculation results also validate the consistency of the two descriptive equations from two foundations.Experimental studies on external-combustion system of Stirling engine are introduced in this thesis, witch including: experiment of single ejector with high backpressure, experiment of fuel oil spray in combustor and experiment of high-pressure combustion on Stirling engine. Test results show that ejection efficiency of ejector with high pressure is in proportion to mass flow rate of injection flow, but litter influencing by pressure of injection flow; cyclone in combustor is in favor of fuel oil spray, enhancing cyclone results in decline of Sauter Meaning Diameter (SMD) of oil droplets; the cooperation of nozzle and cyclone in combustor do influences the SMD of oil droplets; mildly elevating the
nozzle induces inclining of temperature of thermocouple of heat exchange tubes, declining of temperature of flame thermocouple, elongating of flame and minishing of diameter of fireball.Measuration in high-pressure combustor is always difficult and costly. With the development of computer technology and modern Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD), numerical simulation of combustor is taking more and more important role on combustor design and research. In this thesis, studies on methodology of combustion simulation are done. And a series of numerical simulations are implemented on combustor and key components of external combustion system of Stirling engine. A cone rolling flame is got with an annular high temperature cohering obstruct cover in the combustor simulation. The traces of oil droplets are influenced by cyclone in combustor, and the droplets distributed asymmetric on circumferential direction. Other simulation results on flow, heat transfer and two-phase flow of gas ejector, fuel oil nozzle and cyclone generating baffles show that the pressure near gas nozzle do influences the ejection efficiency of ejector; the operation parameters of ejector affect the ejection efficiency greatly, and the optimal geometrical parameters of ejector changes with them; the static pressure on throat tube of ejector achieves minimum indicates the optimal operation condition of ejector; the diameter of gas nozzle impacts ejection efficiency, in some cases, minishing nozzle diameter makes for efficiency inclining; triangle oil slot mixes and warn-up oil effectively, which declines pressure loss and simplifies machining technics; cyclone generating baffles affect combustor internal flow greatly, and the flow changes the shape of droplet cluster, increases relative velocity of droplets, which is in favor of breakup of droplets.It is the first case to set up a simple model on CGR combustion driving by gas ejector. These works will be a very important reference to farther research on CGR combustion.
引文
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