供应链信息协同及组织间协调问题的研究
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摘要
本文主要以电子商务环境下供应链信息协同及组织间协调为主要研究对象,分析了信息协同的实现对组织间协调成本的影响,探讨了信息协同的内容、方式以及由此产生的成效,对组织间信息协同的实施和组织间协调具有一定的指导意义。
本文首先通过理论回顾和文献综述分析了信息共享与信息协同之间的区别与联系,指出信息共享是信息协同的基础,而信息协同更强调共享信息的及时性、准确性、和有效性。
本文从组织间协调的角度,采用交易成本理论,先对协调成本的构成进行了分析,指出供应链组织成员间的协调成本主要由交易成本和合作成本组成。然后分析了供应链信息协同可以有效降低交易成本中的谈判成本和监督成本,但会增加企业初始合作成本。最后,研究了信息协同可能存在的风险:包括锁定风险、安全风险、被控制的风险等。
最后,本文建立了一个单供应商、单制造商、单分销商构成的三级供应链模型,采用多主体建模方式对其进行研究。然后,本文采用基于多主体建模思想的Swarm仿真平台对模型进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:供应商供货信息、需求不确定性信息、以及库存信息,在整个供应链内的有效协同,可以降低供应链运作总成本,使供应链系统整体性能得到提升,实现了组织间协调。
This thesis mainly investigates the problem of information synergy, based on the background of Electronic Commerce. The impact of information synergy on the inter-organizational coordination and the performance of supply chain is analyzed and so does the risk of information synergy the supply chain members might undertake. This greatly enhanced the realistic meaning of the thesis.
In order to respond to the ever-increasing uncertainties of the whole market, the enterprises of supply chain start to place emphases on the problem of supply chain collaboration. Through review of literature and theories, this thesis points out that information synergy has to be based on information sharing, however, more attention should be placed on the problem of sharing necessary information on the right time in most efficient way.
In the chapter of inter-organizational coordination and information synergy, it investigates the construct of coordination cost from the view of inter-organizational theory. First we point out the coordination cost consists of transaction cost and cooperation cost. Then it is indicated that information synergy in supply chain can effectively lower negotiation cost and overseeing cost. However, cooperation cost might grow because of the investment of information system. At last, it analyzes the possible risk of information synergy.
The thesis also discusses the characteristics of supply chain based on information synergy and the leading role information technology plays in it.
Finally, the thesis constructs the models of both traditional supply chain and the supply chain which is based on information synergy with the method of Multi-Agent System modeling. In the latter one, members of the supply chain can freely communicate with each other and make share of their information. At last, the model is realized by using the tool of Swarm, a well-known simulation platform based on Multi-Agent System modeling. The observed results demonstrate a great jump on the whole supply chain's performance.
本文首先通过理论回顾和文献综述分析了信息共享与信息协同之间的区别与联系,指出信息共享是信息协同的基础,而信息协同更强调共享信息的及时性、准确性、和有效性。
本文从组织间协调的角度,采用交易成本理论,先对协调成本的构成进行了分析,指出供应链组织成员间的协调成本主要由交易成本和合作成本组成。然后分析了供应链信息协同可以有效降低交易成本中的谈判成本和监督成本,但会增加企业初始合作成本。最后,研究了信息协同可能存在的风险:包括锁定风险、安全风险、被控制的风险等。
最后,本文建立了一个单供应商、单制造商、单分销商构成的三级供应链模型,采用多主体建模方式对其进行研究。然后,本文采用基于多主体建模思想的Swarm仿真平台对模型进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:供应商供货信息、需求不确定性信息、以及库存信息,在整个供应链内的有效协同,可以降低供应链运作总成本,使供应链系统整体性能得到提升,实现了组织间协调。
This thesis mainly investigates the problem of information synergy, based on the background of Electronic Commerce. The impact of information synergy on the inter-organizational coordination and the performance of supply chain is analyzed and so does the risk of information synergy the supply chain members might undertake. This greatly enhanced the realistic meaning of the thesis.
In order to respond to the ever-increasing uncertainties of the whole market, the enterprises of supply chain start to place emphases on the problem of supply chain collaboration. Through review of literature and theories, this thesis points out that information synergy has to be based on information sharing, however, more attention should be placed on the problem of sharing necessary information on the right time in most efficient way.
In the chapter of inter-organizational coordination and information synergy, it investigates the construct of coordination cost from the view of inter-organizational theory. First we point out the coordination cost consists of transaction cost and cooperation cost. Then it is indicated that information synergy in supply chain can effectively lower negotiation cost and overseeing cost. However, cooperation cost might grow because of the investment of information system. At last, it analyzes the possible risk of information synergy.
The thesis also discusses the characteristics of supply chain based on information synergy and the leading role information technology plays in it.
Finally, the thesis constructs the models of both traditional supply chain and the supply chain which is based on information synergy with the method of Multi-Agent System modeling. In the latter one, members of the supply chain can freely communicate with each other and make share of their information. At last, the model is realized by using the tool of Swarm, a well-known simulation platform based on Multi-Agent System modeling. The observed results demonstrate a great jump on the whole supply chain's performance.
引文
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[13]吴冰,基于知识创新的供应链柔性研究[D].同济大学博士论文,2005.3.
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[21]李培亮,黄立平,周欢,等.信息共享对供应链绩效的影响[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(5):219-221.
[22]LEE H L,PADMANABHAN V,WHANG S Information distortion in a supply chain:the bullwhip effect[J].Management Science,1997,43(4):546-558.
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[28]WILLIAMSON E A,HARRISON D K,JORDANM.Information systems development within supply chain management[J].Information Management:2004,24(5):375-385.
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