自然保护区生态旅游可持续性评价指标体系研究
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摘要
本研究以可持续发展理论为指导,以生态学原理、生态经济学理论、福利经济学理论为基础,从构建自然保护区生态旅游可持续性评价指标体系入手,简要分析了生态旅游产生的背景、生态旅游的实质内涵、自然保护区开展生态旅游的发展现状与存在的问题,阐明了构建评价指标的重要性,比较全面地研究了以森林生态系统为保护对象的自然保护区开展生态旅游后形成的“生态旅游复合系统”的特殊性、功能与作用。在此基础上,定义了构建评价指标的八项原则和筛选指标的六项原则。采用频度统计法、反复过滤生成法、专家评判法筛选了自然保护区生态旅游发展的关键性指标和针对性比较强的指标;采用专家咨询法、结构式访谈、半结构式访谈、问卷调查、实地考察等方法,反复对指标进行调整,按照社会、经济、环境三个方面进行归并。
通过综合运用上述方法,构建了评价指标集合。通过对指标的相关分析和主成分分析,最终确定了自然保护区生态旅游可持续性评价指标;通过科学合理的分解、归纳和综合,采用层次分解法、定量与定性相结合方法构建了生态旅游可持续性评价指标体系。根据浙江天目山国家级自然保护区生态旅游的发展现状、特定的生态系统和关键指标的监测分析结果,选择了17个指标进行生态旅游可持续性测度研究。结果表明,天目山自然保护区生态旅游总体上处于可持续状态,可持续性测度为2.301。其中环境领域的可持续性测度接近0.073,社会/文化领域的可持续性测度为0.034,经济领域的可持续性测度为2.194。
对福建武夷山国家级自然保护区生态旅游的环境效应研究结果表明,独特的自然环境和丰富的自然景观为武夷山自然保护区开展生态旅游奠定了基础,保护区自主的运作模式、科学规划原则、保护优先的理念和严格的管理程序为生态旅游的可持续发展提供了可能,取得了良好的环境效应。
本文还对保护区生态旅游管理方法和机制进行了研究与探索,描述了建立内部审核体系的基本框架,分析了生态旅游认证体系的基本特征,提出了建立我国生态旅游认证体系的具体思路和运作模式。
The study started with setting up an indicator system for sustainable ecotourism in nature reserve, analyzed genesis background of ecotourism, essential meaning, and development status and problems on ecotourism in nature reserve briefly, clarified the importance of setting up indicator system, discussed the theory base of setting up indicators system for sustainable ecotourism in nature reserve, and analyzed the stakeholders, the connotation integrated, basic elements, as well as the characteristics, function and effects of“tourism eco-system”which composed of forest ecosystem, tourism system, economy system in nature reserve.
Based on the integrated analysis, eight principals for constructing indicator system and six principals for selecting indicators were confirmed. Meanwhile, a method system was adopted for selecting and setting assessment indicator system on sustainable ecotourism in nature reserve. Regarding the selecting of indicators, there were five steps. In the first step, generating an aggregate consists of 66 indicators with Iterative Filtering and Generation Methods, Frequency Statistics Method. In the second step, a group with 48 indicators was created from the aggregate through experts and relevant stakeholders consulting were applied, and the selecting ratio of each selected indicator more than 70%. In the third step, a new aggregate with 25 indicators come up adopted same method and the ratio is 80%. In this procedure, five indicators were replaced and two were incorporated. In the fourth step, a special consulting procedure was applied; stakeholders and senior experts were invited. There were five indicators were replaced, one was added and one was modified according to the comments and suggestion. By using integrated
通过综合运用上述方法,构建了评价指标集合。通过对指标的相关分析和主成分分析,最终确定了自然保护区生态旅游可持续性评价指标;通过科学合理的分解、归纳和综合,采用层次分解法、定量与定性相结合方法构建了生态旅游可持续性评价指标体系。根据浙江天目山国家级自然保护区生态旅游的发展现状、特定的生态系统和关键指标的监测分析结果,选择了17个指标进行生态旅游可持续性测度研究。结果表明,天目山自然保护区生态旅游总体上处于可持续状态,可持续性测度为2.301。其中环境领域的可持续性测度接近0.073,社会/文化领域的可持续性测度为0.034,经济领域的可持续性测度为2.194。
对福建武夷山国家级自然保护区生态旅游的环境效应研究结果表明,独特的自然环境和丰富的自然景观为武夷山自然保护区开展生态旅游奠定了基础,保护区自主的运作模式、科学规划原则、保护优先的理念和严格的管理程序为生态旅游的可持续发展提供了可能,取得了良好的环境效应。
本文还对保护区生态旅游管理方法和机制进行了研究与探索,描述了建立内部审核体系的基本框架,分析了生态旅游认证体系的基本特征,提出了建立我国生态旅游认证体系的具体思路和运作模式。
The study started with setting up an indicator system for sustainable ecotourism in nature reserve, analyzed genesis background of ecotourism, essential meaning, and development status and problems on ecotourism in nature reserve briefly, clarified the importance of setting up indicator system, discussed the theory base of setting up indicators system for sustainable ecotourism in nature reserve, and analyzed the stakeholders, the connotation integrated, basic elements, as well as the characteristics, function and effects of“tourism eco-system”which composed of forest ecosystem, tourism system, economy system in nature reserve.
Based on the integrated analysis, eight principals for constructing indicator system and six principals for selecting indicators were confirmed. Meanwhile, a method system was adopted for selecting and setting assessment indicator system on sustainable ecotourism in nature reserve. Regarding the selecting of indicators, there were five steps. In the first step, generating an aggregate consists of 66 indicators with Iterative Filtering and Generation Methods, Frequency Statistics Method. In the second step, a group with 48 indicators was created from the aggregate through experts and relevant stakeholders consulting were applied, and the selecting ratio of each selected indicator more than 70%. In the third step, a new aggregate with 25 indicators come up adopted same method and the ratio is 80%. In this procedure, five indicators were replaced and two were incorporated. In the fourth step, a special consulting procedure was applied; stakeholders and senior experts were invited. There were five indicators were replaced, one was added and one was modified according to the comments and suggestion. By using integrated
引文
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