鸡病专家诊治系统的设计实现与畜禽饲料配方优化系统的设计
摘要
目前，计算机技术在畜牧业中的应用，从工程学角度可以分为科学计算、生产管理、流程控制等；从畜牧业角度可以分为遗传育种计算、饲料配方设计、辅助生产管理、控制生产过程等；从网络角度可以分为局域网和Internet，用于对场区监控和与外界的信息沟通；从畜牧场建设角度可以分为畜牧场、饲料厂的设计等。
“畜禽疾病诊治专家系统”和“畜禽饲料优化系统”皆属国家863项目数字农业精细养殖技术平台的构建与应用。分别研究畜禽防疫和疾病诊断数字化系统和畜禽个体饲养数字化技术，基于个体营养需要量模型，进行畜禽饲养和饲料配方的数字化设计，实现畜禽个体和群体智能化饲养管理；建立数字化畜禽疫病诊断防治系统及饲料、畜产品安全监控体系；建立主要畜禽个体营养需求模型及优化饲养管理系统，实现畜禽个体和群体的数字化精细饲养管理。
计量医学是近代医学的研究成果。最早的计量医学是应用概率统计法，如最大似然法，逐步判别法和聚类分析法等，通过对临床确诊的大样本进行统计运算而得出计算公式。在人医临床上常使用这种方法，因为人医都有详细的病历记载；而兽医却不具备这样的条件，所以概率统计法在兽医临床上难以适用。70年代发展起来的模糊数学和80年代问世的灰色系统，较好地解决了各种模糊问题，给计量医学增添了新的活力，开拓了新的领域，如模糊模式识别法和灰色决策系统，不依赖于大样本就能对疾病信息定义分值化，然后根据疾病信息的综合判定而得出准确的诊断。这种方法在
兽医临床上尤为适用数值诊断主要原理是通过对兽医临床诊断的大量样本、专家经验和书本知识对疾病信息和症状信息进行分值计量定义，找出症状与疾病之间的统计规律，确定出经验公式，然后根据对这些症状信息的统计处理而得出诊断结果。“鸡病专家诊治系统”是“畜禽疾病专家诊治系统”的一个组成部分。“鸡病专家诊治系统”就是计量医学的诊疗的计算机应用。本系统总结了许多专家学者关于鸡病的诊断方法和经验，克服了人们因记忆不全或不准而产生漏诊或误诊，因此准确率很高。本文对数值诊断的方法及计算机实现方法加以介绍，从系统的设计，数据库设计，算法设计，到最终系统的实现都进行了说明。
饲料配方软件的应用在我国已开始普及。但作为一种应用技术,必须不断的更新、完善与发展。一方面,它必须体现出动物营养学的最新进展,另一方面,它必须跟上计算机硬件及软件的不断发展。只有这样它才能满足生产需要,并适应社会科技的发展。
因此我们对原“畜禽饲料配方优化系统”的用户进行了拜访和调查，总结原系统的优点和不足，来开发一个更好版本的新系统。
本文这部分工作就是在开发新系统之前对用户需求和原来的系统进行分析后，一个新系统的设计。进行需求分析后再分析原系统总结原系统的不足如下几个方面：计算准确程度还不够好；数据管理不够完善，很多数据不能保存；配方流程不完全符合实际；反刍动物配方不能使用；界面不够友好、信息量少、操作不方便等。针对需求，对系统进行了总体设计，在总体设计中为系统增加了典型饲料配方、历史配方、用户个性化服务、多配方优化等新功能；对系统全价料配方制作的操作过程进行了重新的调整，使之更适合用户配方的实际流程，这也是配方软件的最主要功能，增加了历史配方
这一记录过程；对系统过多操作数据库中表影响系统效率的情况，设计了一个user类；已有的“畜禽饲料配方优化系统”中反刍动物的配方是不能使用的。本文设计了专门适合奶牛配方需要的动物饲养标准库和原料库。
Current, the application in the animal husbandry of the technology of the computer, can be divided into the calculation of scientific, production management , procedure and controlled etc. in terms of engineering; Can be divided into a hereditary breeding and calculated in terms of animal husbandry, fodder fills a prescription designing, auxiliary production management, controlling the production process, etc.; Can divide into LAN and Internet in terms of network, use for to place supervise recently and external information sharing; Build from animal farm angle can divide into animal farm, design of feed factory, etc..
"Disease Treat Expert System for Livestock" and "Feedstuff Prescription Optimization System for Livestock" belong to country 863 project digital agriculture meticulous cultural technique construction of platform and answer all Use. Study beasts and birds' epidemic prevention and the digitized system of the medical diagnosis on disease and beasts and birds individual and raise digitized technology separately, because of the individual nutrition requirement model, the digitization raising the beasts and birds and the fodder fill a prescription is designed, realize that the beasts and birds individual and colony's intellectuality are raised and managed; Set up digitized beasts and birds' epidemic disease and diagnose that prevents and cures the system , fodder , livestock produce to control the system safely; Set up main beasts and birds' individual nutrition demand model and optimize and raise the administrative system, realize that raises managing meticulously in the beasts and birds individual and digitization of the colony.
It is the research results of modern medical science to measure medical science. The earliest measurement medical science is to use the statistic law of probability, such as the greatest likelihood law, the diagnostic method and cluster's analytic approach, etc. progressively, through counting operation and drawing the formula of calculating to the clinical big sample that makes a definite diagnosis of. Often use this kind of method in people's medicine is clinical, because people's medicine has detailed case histories to record; The
veterinarian does not possess such condition , so the statistic law of probability is difficult to be applicable to in the veterinarian is clinical. Fuzzy mathematics and grey system that came out in the eighties developed in the seventies, have solve various kinds of fuzzy problems well, has given and measured medical science and added new vigor, has opened up new field, such as the fuzzy pattern-recognition law and grey decision system, depend on big sample can define person who divide to disease information, judge according to disease synthesis of message that draws accurate diagnosis. The method suitable number value diagnose cardinal principle to pass to veterinarian a large number of sample of clinical diagnosis particularly in veterinarian clinical, the expertise and book knowledge measure and define the dividing value to disease information and symptom information, find out the statistics law between the symptom and disease, determine the experience formula, then according to dealing with and drawing the result of diagnosing to statistics of these symptom information. A component of "Disease Treat Expert System for Chicken" yes "Disease Treat Expert System for Livestock "." Disease Treat Expert System for Chicken" to measure computer application making a diagnosis of medical science. This system has summarized diagnosis method and experience about chicken's disease of a lot of experts and scholar, emerge and leak and examine or misdiagnose because memory is not complete or inaccurate after overcoming people, so the rate of accuracy is very high. The method that this text diagnoses to number value and computer implementation method are introduced, from the systematic design, the database is designed, the algorithm is designed, finally get systematic realization proved.
The fodder filled a prescription the applying to our country
“畜禽疾病诊治专家系统”和“畜禽饲料优化系统”皆属国家863项目数字农业精细养殖技术平台的构建与应用。分别研究畜禽防疫和疾病诊断数字化系统和畜禽个体饲养数字化技术，基于个体营养需要量模型，进行畜禽饲养和饲料配方的数字化设计，实现畜禽个体和群体智能化饲养管理；建立数字化畜禽疫病诊断防治系统及饲料、畜产品安全监控体系；建立主要畜禽个体营养需求模型及优化饲养管理系统，实现畜禽个体和群体的数字化精细饲养管理。
计量医学是近代医学的研究成果。最早的计量医学是应用概率统计法，如最大似然法，逐步判别法和聚类分析法等，通过对临床确诊的大样本进行统计运算而得出计算公式。在人医临床上常使用这种方法，因为人医都有详细的病历记载；而兽医却不具备这样的条件，所以概率统计法在兽医临床上难以适用。70年代发展起来的模糊数学和80年代问世的灰色系统，较好地解决了各种模糊问题，给计量医学增添了新的活力，开拓了新的领域，如模糊模式识别法和灰色决策系统，不依赖于大样本就能对疾病信息定义分值化，然后根据疾病信息的综合判定而得出准确的诊断。这种方法在
兽医临床上尤为适用数值诊断主要原理是通过对兽医临床诊断的大量样本、专家经验和书本知识对疾病信息和症状信息进行分值计量定义，找出症状与疾病之间的统计规律，确定出经验公式，然后根据对这些症状信息的统计处理而得出诊断结果。“鸡病专家诊治系统”是“畜禽疾病专家诊治系统”的一个组成部分。“鸡病专家诊治系统”就是计量医学的诊疗的计算机应用。本系统总结了许多专家学者关于鸡病的诊断方法和经验，克服了人们因记忆不全或不准而产生漏诊或误诊，因此准确率很高。本文对数值诊断的方法及计算机实现方法加以介绍，从系统的设计，数据库设计，算法设计，到最终系统的实现都进行了说明。
饲料配方软件的应用在我国已开始普及。但作为一种应用技术,必须不断的更新、完善与发展。一方面,它必须体现出动物营养学的最新进展,另一方面,它必须跟上计算机硬件及软件的不断发展。只有这样它才能满足生产需要,并适应社会科技的发展。
因此我们对原“畜禽饲料配方优化系统”的用户进行了拜访和调查，总结原系统的优点和不足，来开发一个更好版本的新系统。
本文这部分工作就是在开发新系统之前对用户需求和原来的系统进行分析后，一个新系统的设计。进行需求分析后再分析原系统总结原系统的不足如下几个方面：计算准确程度还不够好；数据管理不够完善，很多数据不能保存；配方流程不完全符合实际；反刍动物配方不能使用；界面不够友好、信息量少、操作不方便等。针对需求，对系统进行了总体设计，在总体设计中为系统增加了典型饲料配方、历史配方、用户个性化服务、多配方优化等新功能；对系统全价料配方制作的操作过程进行了重新的调整，使之更适合用户配方的实际流程，这也是配方软件的最主要功能，增加了历史配方
这一记录过程；对系统过多操作数据库中表影响系统效率的情况，设计了一个user类；已有的“畜禽饲料配方优化系统”中反刍动物的配方是不能使用的。本文设计了专门适合奶牛配方需要的动物饲养标准库和原料库。
Current, the application in the animal husbandry of the technology of the computer, can be divided into the calculation of scientific, production management , procedure and controlled etc. in terms of engineering; Can be divided into a hereditary breeding and calculated in terms of animal husbandry, fodder fills a prescription designing, auxiliary production management, controlling the production process, etc.; Can divide into LAN and Internet in terms of network, use for to place supervise recently and external information sharing; Build from animal farm angle can divide into animal farm, design of feed factory, etc..
"Disease Treat Expert System for Livestock" and "Feedstuff Prescription Optimization System for Livestock" belong to country 863 project digital agriculture meticulous cultural technique construction of platform and answer all Use. Study beasts and birds' epidemic prevention and the digitized system of the medical diagnosis on disease and beasts and birds individual and raise digitized technology separately, because of the individual nutrition requirement model, the digitization raising the beasts and birds and the fodder fill a prescription is designed, realize that the beasts and birds individual and colony's intellectuality are raised and managed; Set up digitized beasts and birds' epidemic disease and diagnose that prevents and cures the system , fodder , livestock produce to control the system safely; Set up main beasts and birds' individual nutrition demand model and optimize and raise the administrative system, realize that raises managing meticulously in the beasts and birds individual and digitization of the colony.
It is the research results of modern medical science to measure medical science. The earliest measurement medical science is to use the statistic law of probability, such as the greatest likelihood law, the diagnostic method and cluster's analytic approach, etc. progressively, through counting operation and drawing the formula of calculating to the clinical big sample that makes a definite diagnosis of. Often use this kind of method in people's medicine is clinical, because people's medicine has detailed case histories to record; The
veterinarian does not possess such condition , so the statistic law of probability is difficult to be applicable to in the veterinarian is clinical. Fuzzy mathematics and grey system that came out in the eighties developed in the seventies, have solve various kinds of fuzzy problems well, has given and measured medical science and added new vigor, has opened up new field, such as the fuzzy pattern-recognition law and grey decision system, depend on big sample can define person who divide to disease information, judge according to disease synthesis of message that draws accurate diagnosis. The method suitable number value diagnose cardinal principle to pass to veterinarian a large number of sample of clinical diagnosis particularly in veterinarian clinical, the expertise and book knowledge measure and define the dividing value to disease information and symptom information, find out the statistics law between the symptom and disease, determine the experience formula, then according to dealing with and drawing the result of diagnosing to statistics of these symptom information. A component of "Disease Treat Expert System for Chicken" yes "Disease Treat Expert System for Livestock "." Disease Treat Expert System for Chicken" to measure computer application making a diagnosis of medical science. This system has summarized diagnosis method and experience about chicken's disease of a lot of experts and scholar, emerge and leak and examine or misdiagnose because memory is not complete or inaccurate after overcoming people, so the rate of accuracy is very high. The method that this text diagnoses to number value and computer implementation method are introduced, from the systematic design, the database is designed, the algorithm is designed, finally get systematic realization proved.
The fodder filled a prescription the applying to our country
引文
[1] C#技术内幕,Tom Archer著,侯晓霞 柴洪辉 译,清华大社,2002。
[2] Visual C# .NET高级编程,李满潮 等,清华大学出版社,2002。
UML用户指南,Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson著,邵维忠,麻志毅,张文娟,孟祥文译,机械工业出版社,2002。
[3] 资源配方师Refs2000 for Win98，刘钧贻，卿笃学，吴金龙，杨云，北京资源集团，2000。
[4] The Most Authoritative Quick Reference for .NET Programmers, Dan Rahmel, China Railway Publishing House, 2003.
[5] 饲料工业手册,李德发,范石军,中国农业大学出版社,2002。
[6] 动物营养参数与饲养标准,张宏福,张子仪,中国农业出版社,1998。
[7] 日本饲养标准乳牛(1999年版)(Japanese Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle),日本农林水产省农林水产技术会议事务局编(Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries),中央畜产会(Japan Livestock Industry Association),1999。
[8] 日本饲养标准肉用牛(1995年版)(Japanese Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle),日本农林水产省农林水产技术会议事务局编(Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries),中央畜产会(Japan Livestock Industry Association),1995。
[9] 鸡病数值诊断与防治，张信，杜蔷，马衍忠主编，天津大学初版社，1997。
[10] 计算机优化饲料配方软件的研制，黄汉英，熊先安，魏明新，粮食与饲料工业，1999。
[11] N层结构在饲料配方中的应用，程昌秀，李绍明，严泰来，计算机与农业，2000。
[12] 奶牛营养需要(Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle),[美]国家科学研究委员会,孟庆翔译,中国农业大学出版社2002。
[13] A C# Application from Inspiration to Implementation Designing and Building your first .NET Application, Kyle Dunn, Wrox Press Ltd.,2003.
[14] UML建模核心技术书
[15] Visual C# .NET入门与提高，清华大学出版社，2002。
[16] 计算机在动物科学中的应用，张元，高腾云，王艳玲等编著中国农业科技出版社，1998。
[2] Visual C# .NET高级编程,李满潮 等,清华大学出版社,2002。
UML用户指南,Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, Ivar Jacobson著,邵维忠,麻志毅,张文娟,孟祥文译,机械工业出版社,2002。
[3] 资源配方师Refs2000 for Win98，刘钧贻，卿笃学，吴金龙，杨云，北京资源集团，2000。
[4] The Most Authoritative Quick Reference for .NET Programmers, Dan Rahmel, China Railway Publishing House, 2003.
[5] 饲料工业手册,李德发,范石军,中国农业大学出版社,2002。
[6] 动物营养参数与饲养标准,张宏福,张子仪,中国农业出版社,1998。
[7] 日本饲养标准乳牛(1999年版)(Japanese Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle),日本农林水产省农林水产技术会议事务局编(Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries),中央畜产会(Japan Livestock Industry Association),1999。
[8] 日本饲养标准肉用牛(1995年版)(Japanese Feeding Standard for Dairy Cattle),日本农林水产省农林水产技术会议事务局编(Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries),中央畜产会(Japan Livestock Industry Association),1995。
[9] 鸡病数值诊断与防治，张信，杜蔷，马衍忠主编，天津大学初版社，1997。
[10] 计算机优化饲料配方软件的研制，黄汉英，熊先安，魏明新，粮食与饲料工业，1999。
[11] N层结构在饲料配方中的应用，程昌秀，李绍明，严泰来，计算机与农业，2000。
[12] 奶牛营养需要(Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle),[美]国家科学研究委员会,孟庆翔译,中国农业大学出版社2002。
[13] A C# Application from Inspiration to Implementation Designing and Building your first .NET Application, Kyle Dunn, Wrox Press Ltd.,2003.
[14] UML建模核心技术书
[15] Visual C# .NET入门与提高，清华大学出版社，2002。
[16] 计算机在动物科学中的应用，张元，高腾云，王艳玲等编著中国农业科技出版社，1998。