大豆和芸豆子叶中抗毒素诱导及菜豆素抗肿瘤活性研究
|
摘要
植物抗毒素是植物防御体系的重要组成部分，在植株体内被诱导合成的次生代谢产物，其作为食品功能性成份研究受到广泛关注。植物抗毒素具有多种生物活性，如类雌激素作用、抗氧化作用等，对预防人类疾病具有重要应用价值。
本文以大豆和芸豆为材料，应用分析型高效液相色谱仪、制备型高效液相色谱仪、超高压液相色谱串联四级杆质谱联用仪、MTT比色法等试验技术，研究了大豆经硝酸银诱导产生次生代谢产物大豆抗毒素，对不同大豆品种的大豆抗毒素生成量进行比较，对大豆抗毒素生成机理进行初步分析；同时，研究了芸豆经不同寡糖诱导产生次生代谢产物菜豆素，选择乳腺癌细胞和宫颈癌细胞为靶细胞，研究菜豆素对其生长抑制效应。主要结论如下：
1．实验以10mM硝酸银为诱导剂，对9种不同黄豆、青豆和黑豆诱导产生大豆抗毒素的生成量进行比较。结果表明在温度25℃，湿度50%，黑暗培养3d的条件下，黄豆、青豆和黑豆诱导产生的大豆抗毒素生成量差异较大，本实验大豆抗毒素生成量顺序为青豆＞黑豆＞黄豆。大粒青、六月白和关青豆三个青豆品种大豆抗毒素生成量平均值为980μg/g干豆重；青仁乌、黑皮大豆和Peking黑小豆三个黑豆品种大豆抗毒素生成量平均值为750μg/g干豆重；中黄30、中黄56和中品662三个黄豆品种大豆抗毒素生成量平均值为470μg/g干豆重。
同时，9个品种的大豆抗毒素生成量也存在较大差异，从高到低顺序为：六月白为1720μg/g干豆重、青仁乌为1360μg/g干豆重、大粒青为1030μg/g干豆重、中黄30为780μg/g干豆重、Peking黑小豆为590μg/g干豆重、中品662为390μg/g干豆重、黑皮大豆为310μg/g干豆重、中黄56为240μg/g干豆重、关青豆为180μg/g干豆重。
2．应用HPLC方法，研究了中黄30和青仁乌经10mM硝酸银处理后，大豆抗毒素、大豆苷和大豆苷元的变化关系，分析青仁乌大豆抗毒素生成量较中黄30高的原因。由于大豆苷元是大豆抗毒素合成的主要前体物质，实验结果表明：青仁乌与中黄30相比较，由于自身大豆苷元具有较高水平，以及硝酸银诱导产生大豆苷元较多；同时，青仁乌中的大豆苷元向大豆苷方向转化较中黄30弱，决定了青仁乌的大豆苷元主要向大豆抗毒素方向转化，大豆抗毒素生成量要高于中黄30。实验结果表明在生产中可以选择青仁乌作为原料诱导生成大豆抗毒素。
3．应用壳寡糖、果胶寡糖、纤维二糖、褐藻酸寡糖作为诱导剂，诱导芸豆生成菜豆素，通过定性检测方法（HPLC、UPLC-MS/MS）对菜豆素进行鉴定确认，并比较不同寡糖诱导菜豆素效果。结果表明，四种寡糖均可诱导芸豆生成菜豆素，且不同寡糖的最佳诱导浓度不同。在1%，2%，4%，6%和8%五种浓度条件下，壳寡糖和褐藻酸寡糖的最佳诱导浓度是4%，生成量分别是221.32μg/g干豆重和149.50μg/g干豆重；果胶寡糖的最佳诱导浓度是6%，生成量是265.86μg/g干豆重；纤维二糖的最佳诱导浓度是8%，生成量是211.30μg/g干豆重。
4．应用MTT方法，选择乳腺癌细胞（Cal-51、Mcf-7）和宫颈癌细胞（Hela、Caski）为靶细胞，检测菜豆素对其抑制效果。结果表明菜豆素对四种细胞生长均具有明显抑制作用，且随着浓度增加，抑制作用增强。在50μg/ml条件下，抑制效果由强到弱的顺序：Cal-51为93.01%，Caski为89.68%，Hela为81.90%，Mcf-7为66.49%。此外，选择了Hela细胞和Mcf-7细胞，应用生物统计学软件SPSS计算菜豆素对两种细胞的IC50，结果分别为36.31μg/ml和46.73μg/ml。
The family of phytoalexins play an important role in plant defense system, and it as functional foodingredient had received more attention.Phytoalexins had a variety of biological activities,such asantioxidation,estrogenic and estrogenic activity effect on human health and disease.
In the present study,we selected soybeans and kidney beans as raw materials, and used analyticalHPLC, preparative HPLC, UPLC/MS and MTT as technologies.The aim of this study was to analyzeglyceollins induced by silver nitrate in soybeans,and compared the glyceollins production of differentvarieties of soybeans, as well as analyze the mechanism of glyceollins generation.On the other hand,thestudy on the phaseollin which was induced by oligosaccharides from kidney beans, and analyze thephaseollin on the growth inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells and uterine cancer cells. Theconclusions were as follows:
1.The research focus on the production of glyceollins which was induced by10mM silvernitrate,and compared the glyceollins production of9different kinds of soybeans.The results showed thatglyceollins production was different for soybeans, green beans and black beans on the condition oftemperature of25℃, humidity of50%, and cultured in dark for3days. In this experiment, glyceollinsproduction from high to low were green beans, black beans and soybeans.The average glyceollinsproduction of3green beans was980μg/g dry bean weight,the average glyceollins production of3blackbeans was750μg/g dry bean weight, the average glyceollins production of3soybeans was470μg/g drybean weight.
The content of glyceollins induced from9different beans as follow: Liuyuebai was1720μg/g drybean weight, Qingrenwu was1360μg/g dry bean weight, Daliqing was1030μg/g dry bean weight,Zhonghuang30was780μg/g dry bean weight, Peking was590μg/g dry bean weight, Zhongpin662was390μg/g dry bean weight, black soybean was310μg/g dry bean weight, Zhonghuang56was240μg/gdry bean weight, Guanqingdou was180μg/g dry bean weight.
2. The experiment used Zhonghuang30and Qingrenwu as raw material to clarify the relationshipbetween glyceollins, daidzin and daidzein, and analyze the causes of glyceollin production ofQingrenwu higher than Zhonghuang30.As daidzein was the precursors of glyceollins synthesis, theresults showed that, on the one hand, because the content of daidzein in Qingrenwu was higher thanZhonghuang30, so it produced the content of glyceollins was higher.on the other hand, the daidzin inQingrenwu change to daidzein was stronger than Zhonghuang30on the condition induced by10mMsilver nitrate. The experiment proved that Qingrenwu was more suitable as raw materials for inducingthe production of glyceollins than Zhonghuang30.
3. Application of chitosan oligosaccharide, pectin oligosaccharide, fiber oligosaccharide andalginic acid oligosaccharide as inducer, generated phaseolin from kidney beans. The contents ofphaseollin was determined by UPLC-MS/MS and HPLC. In the condition of5concentrations of oligosaccharide (1%,2%,4%,6%and8%), the result showed that for chitosan oligosaccharides,themost suitable concentration showing the highest level of phaseollin was4%,and phaseollinaccumulation was221.32μg/g.For alginic acid oligosaccharide,the most suitable concentration showingthe highest level of phaseollin was4%,and phaseollin accumulation was149.50μg/g.For pecticoligosaccharides,the most suitable concentration showing the highest level of phaseollin was6%,andphaseollin accumulation was265.86μg/g. For fiber oligosaccharide,the most suitable concentrationshowing the highest level of phaseollin was8%,and phaseollin accumulation was211.30μg/g.
4.The research focus on phaseollin as phytoalexins possessed both estrogenic and antiestrogenicactivities on breast cells and uterine cancer cells.The experiment used Cal-51, Caski, Hela and Mcf-7asmaterials.The results showed that phaseolin had obvious inhibiting effect on the growth of4kinds ofcells. On the condition of50ug/ml phaseollin, the inhibitory effect from strong to weak were Cal-51was93.01%，Caski was89.68%，Hela was81.90%，Mcf-7was66.49%. In addition, the IC50of phaseolinon Hela and Mcf-7were respectively36.31μg/ml and46.73μg/ml.
本文以大豆和芸豆为材料，应用分析型高效液相色谱仪、制备型高效液相色谱仪、超高压液相色谱串联四级杆质谱联用仪、MTT比色法等试验技术，研究了大豆经硝酸银诱导产生次生代谢产物大豆抗毒素，对不同大豆品种的大豆抗毒素生成量进行比较，对大豆抗毒素生成机理进行初步分析；同时，研究了芸豆经不同寡糖诱导产生次生代谢产物菜豆素，选择乳腺癌细胞和宫颈癌细胞为靶细胞，研究菜豆素对其生长抑制效应。主要结论如下：
1．实验以10mM硝酸银为诱导剂，对9种不同黄豆、青豆和黑豆诱导产生大豆抗毒素的生成量进行比较。结果表明在温度25℃，湿度50%，黑暗培养3d的条件下，黄豆、青豆和黑豆诱导产生的大豆抗毒素生成量差异较大，本实验大豆抗毒素生成量顺序为青豆＞黑豆＞黄豆。大粒青、六月白和关青豆三个青豆品种大豆抗毒素生成量平均值为980μg/g干豆重；青仁乌、黑皮大豆和Peking黑小豆三个黑豆品种大豆抗毒素生成量平均值为750μg/g干豆重；中黄30、中黄56和中品662三个黄豆品种大豆抗毒素生成量平均值为470μg/g干豆重。
同时，9个品种的大豆抗毒素生成量也存在较大差异，从高到低顺序为：六月白为1720μg/g干豆重、青仁乌为1360μg/g干豆重、大粒青为1030μg/g干豆重、中黄30为780μg/g干豆重、Peking黑小豆为590μg/g干豆重、中品662为390μg/g干豆重、黑皮大豆为310μg/g干豆重、中黄56为240μg/g干豆重、关青豆为180μg/g干豆重。
2．应用HPLC方法，研究了中黄30和青仁乌经10mM硝酸银处理后，大豆抗毒素、大豆苷和大豆苷元的变化关系，分析青仁乌大豆抗毒素生成量较中黄30高的原因。由于大豆苷元是大豆抗毒素合成的主要前体物质，实验结果表明：青仁乌与中黄30相比较，由于自身大豆苷元具有较高水平，以及硝酸银诱导产生大豆苷元较多；同时，青仁乌中的大豆苷元向大豆苷方向转化较中黄30弱，决定了青仁乌的大豆苷元主要向大豆抗毒素方向转化，大豆抗毒素生成量要高于中黄30。实验结果表明在生产中可以选择青仁乌作为原料诱导生成大豆抗毒素。
3．应用壳寡糖、果胶寡糖、纤维二糖、褐藻酸寡糖作为诱导剂，诱导芸豆生成菜豆素，通过定性检测方法（HPLC、UPLC-MS/MS）对菜豆素进行鉴定确认，并比较不同寡糖诱导菜豆素效果。结果表明，四种寡糖均可诱导芸豆生成菜豆素，且不同寡糖的最佳诱导浓度不同。在1%，2%，4%，6%和8%五种浓度条件下，壳寡糖和褐藻酸寡糖的最佳诱导浓度是4%，生成量分别是221.32μg/g干豆重和149.50μg/g干豆重；果胶寡糖的最佳诱导浓度是6%，生成量是265.86μg/g干豆重；纤维二糖的最佳诱导浓度是8%，生成量是211.30μg/g干豆重。
4．应用MTT方法，选择乳腺癌细胞（Cal-51、Mcf-7）和宫颈癌细胞（Hela、Caski）为靶细胞，检测菜豆素对其抑制效果。结果表明菜豆素对四种细胞生长均具有明显抑制作用，且随着浓度增加，抑制作用增强。在50μg/ml条件下，抑制效果由强到弱的顺序：Cal-51为93.01%，Caski为89.68%，Hela为81.90%，Mcf-7为66.49%。此外，选择了Hela细胞和Mcf-7细胞，应用生物统计学软件SPSS计算菜豆素对两种细胞的IC50，结果分别为36.31μg/ml和46.73μg/ml。
The family of phytoalexins play an important role in plant defense system, and it as functional foodingredient had received more attention.Phytoalexins had a variety of biological activities,such asantioxidation,estrogenic and estrogenic activity effect on human health and disease.
In the present study,we selected soybeans and kidney beans as raw materials, and used analyticalHPLC, preparative HPLC, UPLC/MS and MTT as technologies.The aim of this study was to analyzeglyceollins induced by silver nitrate in soybeans,and compared the glyceollins production of differentvarieties of soybeans, as well as analyze the mechanism of glyceollins generation.On the other hand,thestudy on the phaseollin which was induced by oligosaccharides from kidney beans, and analyze thephaseollin on the growth inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells and uterine cancer cells. Theconclusions were as follows:
1.The research focus on the production of glyceollins which was induced by10mM silvernitrate,and compared the glyceollins production of9different kinds of soybeans.The results showed thatglyceollins production was different for soybeans, green beans and black beans on the condition oftemperature of25℃, humidity of50%, and cultured in dark for3days. In this experiment, glyceollinsproduction from high to low were green beans, black beans and soybeans.The average glyceollinsproduction of3green beans was980μg/g dry bean weight,the average glyceollins production of3blackbeans was750μg/g dry bean weight, the average glyceollins production of3soybeans was470μg/g drybean weight.
The content of glyceollins induced from9different beans as follow: Liuyuebai was1720μg/g drybean weight, Qingrenwu was1360μg/g dry bean weight, Daliqing was1030μg/g dry bean weight,Zhonghuang30was780μg/g dry bean weight, Peking was590μg/g dry bean weight, Zhongpin662was390μg/g dry bean weight, black soybean was310μg/g dry bean weight, Zhonghuang56was240μg/gdry bean weight, Guanqingdou was180μg/g dry bean weight.
2. The experiment used Zhonghuang30and Qingrenwu as raw material to clarify the relationshipbetween glyceollins, daidzin and daidzein, and analyze the causes of glyceollin production ofQingrenwu higher than Zhonghuang30.As daidzein was the precursors of glyceollins synthesis, theresults showed that, on the one hand, because the content of daidzein in Qingrenwu was higher thanZhonghuang30, so it produced the content of glyceollins was higher.on the other hand, the daidzin inQingrenwu change to daidzein was stronger than Zhonghuang30on the condition induced by10mMsilver nitrate. The experiment proved that Qingrenwu was more suitable as raw materials for inducingthe production of glyceollins than Zhonghuang30.
3. Application of chitosan oligosaccharide, pectin oligosaccharide, fiber oligosaccharide andalginic acid oligosaccharide as inducer, generated phaseolin from kidney beans. The contents ofphaseollin was determined by UPLC-MS/MS and HPLC. In the condition of5concentrations of oligosaccharide (1%,2%,4%,6%and8%), the result showed that for chitosan oligosaccharides,themost suitable concentration showing the highest level of phaseollin was4%,and phaseollinaccumulation was221.32μg/g.For alginic acid oligosaccharide,the most suitable concentration showingthe highest level of phaseollin was4%,and phaseollin accumulation was149.50μg/g.For pecticoligosaccharides,the most suitable concentration showing the highest level of phaseollin was6%,andphaseollin accumulation was265.86μg/g. For fiber oligosaccharide,the most suitable concentrationshowing the highest level of phaseollin was8%,and phaseollin accumulation was211.30μg/g.
4.The research focus on phaseollin as phytoalexins possessed both estrogenic and antiestrogenicactivities on breast cells and uterine cancer cells.The experiment used Cal-51, Caski, Hela and Mcf-7asmaterials.The results showed that phaseolin had obvious inhibiting effect on the growth of4kinds ofcells. On the condition of50ug/ml phaseollin, the inhibitory effect from strong to weak were Cal-51was93.01%，Caski was89.68%，Hela was81.90%，Mcf-7was66.49%. In addition, the IC50of phaseolinon Hela and Mcf-7were respectively36.31μg/ml and46.73μg/ml.
引文
1.龚凌霄,苏宝,魏作,等.高效液相色谱-质谱法快速测定大豆异黄酮含量.中国油脂,2006,31(2):50-52.
2.胡斌,邓放明,唐春江.大豆异黄酮的生理功能及检测方法研究进展农产品加工.2008,(5):82-85.
3.胡佳,石波, Ojokoh Eromosele solomon,梁平,李静梅.褐藻酸寡糖诱导下大豆中大豆抗毒素的累积变化.中国农业科学,2012,45(8):1576-1586.
4.蒋春霞,潘连军,冯耀,等.大豆异黄酮对雄性大鼠生殖器官生长发育的影响.中华男科学杂志,2008,14(4):351-355.
5.李鹏,李晓磊,高长城.大豆异黄酮生理功能的研究进展.长春大学学报,2009,10(19):58.
6.李亚玲,叶云,李俊.天然植物雌激素-染料木黄酮延缓女性更年期的临床疗效观察及其作用机制的研究.中国妇幼保健,2013,28(3):645-649.
7.李连弟,鲁凤珠,张思维,等.中国恶性肿瘤20年变化趋势及近期预测分析.中华肿瘤杂志,1997,19(6):3.
8.李世敏.功能性食品加工技术.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2003.
9.刘志胜,李里特,辰巳英三.大豆异黄酮及其生理功能研究进展.食品工业科技,2000,21(1):78-80.
10.梁元存,刘爱新,商明清.诱导剂诱导植物抗性的作用机制.植物生理学通讯,2001,37(5):442-445.
11.马莲菊,卜宁,马纯艳,等.褐藻胶寡糖对豌豆种子萌发和幼苗的某些生理特性的影响.植物生理学通讯,2007,43(6):1097-1100.
12.苗慧.大豆异黄酮的研究进展.国外医学中医中药分册,2005,2(27):86.
13.彭义交,刘宗林.大豆异黄酮双向纸层析分析方法的研究.食品科学,2004,25(4):141-144.
14.孙艳梅,张永忠,王伊强,等. β-葡萄糖苷酶水解大豆异黄酮糖苷的研究.中国粮油学报,2006,21(2):86-89.
15.孙君明,丁安林,张艳,等.大豆异黄酮的研究概况.大豆科学,1995,14(2):160-166.
16.孙君明,丁安林,常汝镇,等.中国大豆异黄酮含量的初步分析.中国粮油学报,1995,10(4):51-54.
17.孙军明,东慧茹.高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术检测大豆异黄酮含量.大豆科学,2000,19(1):25.
18.王秀娟,陈海敏,严小军.琼胶寡糖诱导菜豆活性氧相关防御及机理初探.中国生物防治学报.2011.27(2)254-259.
19.王兆梅,李琳,郭祁远,张海容.大豆异黄酮分离特性及其检测的初步探讨.食品与发酵工业,2002,28(7):66-68.
20.徐颖.高效液相色谱法检测大豆异黄酮含量.油脂开发,2006,6(14):33-35.
21.杨洁,蒙缔亚,李露.高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中大豆异黄酮含量.分析测试技术与仪器,2007,13(2):130-135.
22.杨大望.我国八百万宫颈癌普查分析.中华肿瘤杂志,1985,7(4):308.
23.于海峰,刘庆军,曲静然,等．大豆异黄酮的功能与应用．山东轻工业学院学报,2003,17(3):57-62.
24.周三,关崎春雄,岳旺,泽聪子,杨志宏.野生大豆、黑豆和大豆的异黄酮类成份比较.大豆科学,2008,27(2):315-319.
25.张虹,向俊锋,谭莉,戴玮,等.海桐皮提取物的抗肿瘤活性及其机制研究.药学学报.2009,44(12):13591363.
26.张立. RP-HPLC法测定大豆提取物中大豆苷元、染料木素、大豆苷、染料木苷的含量.中草药,2001(32)2:118-120.
27. Adham V M, Syed D N, Khan N, et al., Phytochemicals for prevention of solar ultraviolet radiationinduced damages. Photochemistry and Photobiology,2008,84:489-500.
28. Akiyama T, Ishida J, Nakagawa S, et al., Genistein, a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-specific proteinkinases. J Biol Chem.1987,262:5592–5595.
29. Allred C D, Allred K F, Ju Y H, et al., Soy diets containing varying amounts of genistein stimulategrowth of estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) tumors in a dose-dependent manner. Cancer Res,2001,61(13):5045-5050.
30. An Q D, Zhang G L, Wu H T, et al., Alginate-deriving oligosaccharide production by alginase fromnewly isolated Flavobacterium sp. LXA and its potential application in protection againstpathogens. Journal of Applied Microbiology,2009,106:161-170.
31. Astrid G Z, Ross S, Wu Z X, et al. Soy isoflavone glycitein protects against beta amyloid inducedtoxicity and oxidative stress in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans.BMC Neuroscience,2005,6:54-
62.
32. Ayers, A R.; Ebel J, Finelli F, Berger N, Albersheim P. Host-Pathogen Interactions, IX. Quantitativeassay of elicitor activity and characterization of the elicitor present in the extracellular medium ofcultures of Phytophthora megasperma Var. Sojae. Plant Physiol.1976,57:751-759.
33. Banerjee S, Li Yiwei, Wang Z, et al., Multi-targeted therapy of cancer by genistein. Cancer Lett,2008,269(2):226-242.
34. Barnes S, Grubbs C, Setchell K D R, Carlson J. Soybeans inhibit mammary tumors in models ofbreast cancer. In Mutagens and Carcinogens in the Diet; Pariza, W., Aeschbacher, U., Felton, M.,Eds.; Wiley-Liss: New York,1990, pp239-254.
35. Barnes S, Peterson T G., Grubbs C, Setchell K D R, Carlson J, Potential role of dietary isoflavonesin the prevention of cancer. In Diet and Cancer: Markers, Prevention, and Treatment; Jacobs, M.,Ed.; Plenum Press: New York,1994, pp135-147.
36. Barnes S, Peterson T G. Biochemical Targets of the isoflavone Genistein in Tumor cell lines.Experimental Biology and Medicine,1995,208:109.
37. Barnes S. The chemopreventive properties of soy isoflavonoids in animal models of breast cancer.Breast Cancer ResTreat,1997,46:169-179.
38. Barnes K A, Simth R A, Williams K. A microbore HPLC/ESI-MS method for the determination ofthe phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein in comminuted baby foods and soyaflour. RapidCommunicationsin Mass Spectrometry,1998,12:130-138.
39. Barkhem T, Carlsson B, Nilsson Y, Enmark E, Gustafsson J A, Nilsson S. Differential response ofestrogen receptor and estrogen receptor to partial estrogen agonists/antagonists. Mol Pharmacol,1998,54:105–112.
40. Beninger C W, Hosfield G L. Flavonol glycosides from Montcalm dark red kidney bean:implications for the genetics of seed coat color in Phaseolus vulgaris L. J. Agric. Food Chem.1999,47,4079-4082.
41. Bylund A, Saarinen N, Zhang J,et al., Anticancr effects of a plant lignan7-hydroxymatairesinol ona prostate cancermodel in vivo. Exp Biol Med (Maywood),2005,230(3):217-223.
42. Bolger R, Wiese T E, Ervin K, Nestich S, Checovich W. Rapid screening of environmentalchemicals for estrogen receptor binding capacity. Environ Health Perspect,1998,106:551-557.
43. Boue′S M, Carter C H, Ehrlich K C, et al., Induction of the phytoalexin coumestrol andglyceollins by Aspergillus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2000,48:2167-2172.
44. Boue′S M, Wiese T E, Nehls S, et al., Evaluat ion of the estrogenic effect s of legume extractscontaining phytoestrogens. Agric Food Chem,2003,51(8):21-31.
45. Boue′S M, Shih F F, Daigle K W, Carter-Wientjes C, Shih B Y, Cleveland T E. Effect of bioticelicitors on enrichment of antioxidant properties of induced isoflavones in soybean. J. Food Sci.2008,73(4),43-49.
46. Boue′S M, Tilghman S L, Elliott S, Zimmerman M C, Williams K Y, Payton-Stewart F, Miraflor AP, Howell M H, Shih B Y, Carter-Wientjes C H, Segar C, Beckman B S, Wiese T E, Cleveland T E,McLachlan J A, Burow M E. Identification of the potent phytoestrogen glycinol in elicited soybean(Glycine max.). Endocrinology2009,150,2446-2453.
47. Brown D E, Rashotte A M, Murphy A S, Normanly J, Tague B W, Peer W A, Taiz L, Muday G K.Flavonoids act as negative regulators of auxin transport in vivo in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,2001,126:524-535.
48. Buer C S, Muday G K. The transparent testa4mutation prevents flavonoid synthesis and altersauxin transport and the response of Arabidopsis roots to gravity and light. PlantCell,2004,16:1191-1205.
49. Buer C S, Muday G K, Djordjevic M A. Architectural phenotypes in the transparent testa mutantsof Arabidopsis thaliana.J Exp Bot,2009,60:751–763.
50. Burden R S, Bailey J A, Dawson G W. Structures of three new isoflavanoids from Phaseolusvulgaris infected with tobacco necrosis virus. Tetrahedron Lett.1972,41,4175-4178.
51. Burow M E, Weldon C B, Chiang T C, Tang Y, Collins-Burow B M, Rolfe K, Li S,McLachlan, J A,Beckman B S. Differences in protein kinase C and estrogen receptor, β expressionand signalingcorrelate with apoptotic sensitivity of MCF-7breast cancer cell variants. Int. J. Oncol.2000,16,1179-1187.
52. Burow M E, Boue S M, Collin-Burow B M, Melnik L I, Duong B N, Carter-Wientjes C H, Li S F,Wiese T E, Cleveland T E, McLachlan J A. Phytochemical glyceollins, isolated from soy, mediateantihormonal effects through estrogen receptor alpha and beta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab2001;86:1750-1758.
53. Burow M E. Antiestrogenic glyceollins suppress human breast and ovarian carcinomatumorigenesis. J. Clin. Cancer Res.2006,12(23):7159-7164.
54. Cabrera J C, Boland A, Messiaen J, Cambier P, Van Cutsem P. Egg box conformation ofoligogalacturonides: the time-dependent stabilization of the elicitor-active conformation increasesits biological activity. Glycobiology,2008,18:473-482.
55. Casimiro I, Marchant A, Bhalerao R P, Beeckman T, Dhooge S, Swarup R, Graham N, Inze′D,Sandberg G, Casero P J, Bennett M J. Auxin transport promotes Arabidopsis lateral root initiation.Plant Cell,2001,13:843-852.
56. Casper F R, Quesne M. Resveratrol has antagonist activity on the art hydrocarbon receptor：Implications for prevention of dioxin toxicity. Molecular Pharmacology,1999,56:784-790.
57. Charlota D, Chen J, Wang L, et al., Flaxseed inhibits metastasis and decreases extracellularvascular endothelial growth factor in human breast cancer xenografts. Cancer Letters,2002,185(1):31-37.
58. Choi B K, Kim K Y, Yoo Y J, et al., In vitro antimicrobia l activity of a chitooligosaccharidemixture against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcusm utans. Int JAntimicrobAgents,2001,18:553-557.
59. Cline J M, Soderqvist G, von Schoultz B, Skoog L. Regional distribution of proliferating cells andhormone receptors in the mammary gland of surgically postmenopausal macaques. Gynecol ObstetInvest,1997,44:41-46.
60. Collins-Burow B M, Burow M E, Duong B N, McLachlan J A. Estrogenic and antiestrogenicactivities of flavonoid phytochemicals through estrogen receptor binding-dependent and-independent mechanisms. Nutr Cancer,2000,38:229-244.
61. Cottiglia F, Casu L, Bonsignore L, Casu M, Floris C, Leonti M, Gertsch J, Heilmann J. Newcytotoxic prenylated isoflavonoids from Bituminaria morisiana. Planta Med,2005,71,254-260.
62. Corder R, Douthwaite J A, Lees D M, Khan N Q, Santos A, Wood E, Carrier M. Health：Endothelin-1synthesis reduced by red wine. Nature,2001,414:863-864.
63. Cui L, Thuong P T, Lee H S, et al., Flavanones from the stem bark of Erythrina abyssinica. BioorgMed Chem,2008,16:10356-10362.
64. Cui Y, Lu C, Liu L, et al., Reactibation of methylationsilenced tumor suppressor gene p16INK4aby nordihydroguaiaretic acid and its implication in G1cycle arrest. Life Sciences,2008,82(5/6):247-255.
65. Darvill A G, Albersheim P. Phytoalexins and their elicitors: a defense against microbial infection inplants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol,1984,35:243-275.
66. Danhua Z, Navam S H, Ronny H, et al., Isoflavone contents in germinated soybean seeds.PlantFoods for Human Nutrition,2005,60:147-151.
67. Daniel O, Meier M S, Schlatter J, Frishknect P. Selected phenolic compounds in cultivated plants:ecologic functions, health implications, and modulation by pesticides. Environ Health Perspect,1999,107:109-114.
68. Dagne E, Gunatilaka A A L, Kingston D G I, Alemu M, Hofmann G, Johnson R. Two bioactivepterocarpans from Erythrina burana. J. Nat. Prod,1993,56:1831-1834.
69. Davis D D, Diaz-Cruz E S, Landini S, Kim Y W, Brueggemeier R W. Evaluation of syntheticisoflavones on cell proliferation, estrogen receptor binding affinity, and apoptosis in human breastcancer cells. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol,2008,108:23-31.
70. Davidson E A. Analysis of sugars found in mucopolysaccharides. Methods Enzymol,1966,8:52-60.
71. Delledonne M, Xia Y, Dixon R A, et al. Nitric oxide functions as a signal in plant diseaseresistance. Nature,1998,394:585-588.
72. Doxin R A, Paiva N L. Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell,1995,7:1085-1097.
73. Doherty J, Buescher R., Occurrence of the phytoalexin phaseollin in pods of Phaseolus vulgaris. J.Sci. Food Agric,1978,29:853-856.
74. Ebel J, Ayers A R, Albersheim P. Host pathogen interactions. XII. Response of cultured soybeancells to the elicit or isolated from Phytophthorea megasperma var. sojae, a fungal pathogen ofsoybean.Plant Phy siol,1976,57:775-779.
75. Eld A C, Kow W F. Soybean isoflavone: Effect of environment and variety on com position.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1983,31:394-396.
76. Eldridge A,Kwolek W. Effect of environment and variety on composition. J.Agric.FoodChem,1983,31:394-396.
77. El-Nakeeb M A, Yousef R T. Study of antimicrobial action of pectin.I.Antibacterial and antifungalactivities of pectin. Planta Med,1970,18:201-209.
78. Fawe A, Abou Z M, Menzies J G. Silicon-mediated accumulation o f flavonoid phytoalexins incucumber.Phyto patho log y,1998,88(5):396-401.
79. Feng S, et al.,Fungal-stressed germination of Black soybeans leads to generation ofoxooctadecadienoic acids in addition to glyceollins．J Agric Food Chem,2007,55:8589-8595．
80. Feng S, Saw C L, Lee Y K, Huang D. Novel process of fermenting black soybean (Glycine max (L.)Merrill) yogurt with dramatically reduced flatulence-causing oligosaccharides but enriched soyphytoalexins. J. Agric. Food Chem,2008,56(21):10078-10084.
81. Ferrari C K. Functional foods and physical activities in health promotion of aging people.Maturitas,2007,58(4):327-339.
82. Fournier D B, Erdman J W, Gordon G B. Soy, its components, and cancer prevention: a review ofthe in vitro, animal and human data. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev,1998,7:1055-1065.
83. Garin-Aguilar M E, Luna J E, Soto-Hernandez M.,Valenciadel Toro G, Vazquez M M. Effect ofcrude extracts of Erythrina americana Mill. On aggressive behaviour in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol,2000,69:189-196.
84. Graham T L, Kim J E, Graham M Y. Role of constitutive isoflavone conjugates in the accumulationof glyceollins in soybean infected with Phytophthora megasperma. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact,1990,3:157-166.
85. Graham T L, Graham M Y. Glyceollins elicitors induce major but distinctly different shifts inisoflavonoid metabolism in proximal and distal soybean cell populations. Mol Plant MicrobeInteract,1991,4:60-68.
86. Graham T L. Cellular biochemistry of phenylpropanoid responses of soybean to infection byPhytophthora sojae. In: M.Daniel and R.P. Purkayastha (Eds.) Handbook of PhytoalexinMetabolism and Action, Marcel Dekker, New York,1995,85-116.
87. Graham T L, Graham M Y. Defence potential and competency: redox conditioning effects ofsalicylic acid genistein. In: G. Stacey and N. Keen (Eds.) Plant-Microbe Interactions, APS Press, St.Paul, MN,2000,5:181-219.
88. Griffith A P, Collison M W. Improved methods for the extraction and analysis of isoflavones fromsoy-containing foods and nutritional supplements by reversed-phase high-performance liquidchromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr.2001,A913:397-413.
89. Hasunuma T, Kawashima K, Nakayama H, Murakami T, Kanagawa H, Ishii T, Akiyama K, YasudaK, Terada F, Kushibiki S. Effect of cellooligosaccharide or synbiotic feeding on growthperformance, fecal condition and hormone concentrations in Holstein calves.Animal ScienceJournal,2011, doi:10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00861.x.
90. Hamacher K, Schmid G, Sahm H, Wandrey C H. Structural heterogeneity of cellooligomershomogeneousaccording to high resolution size exclusion chromatography. Journal ofChromatogram A,1985,319:311-318.
91. Hakamatsuka T, Mori K, Ishida S, Ebizuka Y, Sankawa U. Purification of2-hydroxyisoflavanonedehydratase from the cell cultures of Pueraria lobata. Phytochemistry,1998,49:497-505.
92. Harikumar K B, Aggarwal B B. Resveratrol: a multitargeted agent for age-associated chronicdiseases. Cell Cycle,2008,7:1020-1037.
93. Heller W, Forkmann G. Biosynthesis of flavonoids. In: J.B. Harborne (Ed.) The Flavonoids:Advances in Research since1986, Chapman and Hall, London,1994:499-535.
94. Heasman M, Mellentin J. The functional foods revolution-healthy people, healthy profits London:Earth Scan,2001.
95. Hewitt A L, Singletary K W. Soy extract inhibitsmammary adenocarcinoma growth in a syngeneicmouse model. Cancer Lett.2003,192:133-143.
96. Homma T, Fujii M, Mori J, Kawakami T, Kurda K, Taniguchi M. Production of cellobiose byenzymatic hydrolyse:removal of β-glucosidase from cellulase by affinity precipitation usingchitosan.Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1993,41:405-410.
97. Hoffman R. Potent inhibition of breast cancer cell lines by the isoflavonoid kievitone: comparisonwith genistein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.1995,211,600-606.
98. Hu Xiao-ke, Jiang Xiao-lu, Gong Jun,et al., Antibacterial activity of lyase-depolymerized productsof alginate. Journal of Applied Phycology,2005,17:57-60.
99. Humfrey C D N. Phytoestrogens and human health effects: weighing up the current evidence.Natural Toxins.1998,6:51-59.
100. Hulten K, Winkvist A, Lenner P, et al., An incident case-referent study on plasma ent erolact oneand breast cancer risk. Eur J Nutr,2002,41(4):168-176.
101. Hu Y, Cheng Z, Heller L I, Krasnoff S B, Glahn R P, Welch R M. Kaempferol in red and pinto beanseed (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) coats inhibits iron bioavailability using an in vitro digestion/humanCaco-2cell model. J. Agric. Food Chem.2006,54:9254-9261.
102. Ingham J L. Plant disease resistance. Botanical Review.1972,38:343-424.
103. Ingram D, Sanders K, Kolybaba M, et al. Case-cont rol study of phyto-estrogens and breast cancer.Lancet,1997,350(9083):990-994.
104. Jun Yamakoshi, Toru Izumi. Isoflavone aglycone rich extract without soy protein attenualesatherosclerosis development in cholesterol fed rabbits. J of Nutrition2000,130:1887.
105. Jung W, Yu O, Lau S C, O’Keefe D P, Odell J, Fader G. McGonigle B. Identification andexpression of isoflavone synthase, the key enzyme for biosynthesis of isoflavones in legumes.Nature Biotech,2000,18:208-212.
106. Ka Zunao Kondo, Yasuhirosuzuki, Yasuhiko Ikeda, et al. Genistein, an isoflavone included in soy，inhibits thrombotic vessel oeelusion in the mouse femoral artery and in vitro platelet aggregation.European J of Pharmaeology,2002,455(1):53-57.
107. Keen NT. Hydroxyphaseollin production by soybeans resistant and susceptible to Phytophthoramegasperma var. sojae. Physiological Plant Pathology,1971,1:265-275.
108. Keen N T, Lyne R L, Hymowitz T. Phytoalexin production as chemosystematic parameter withinthe genus glycine. Biochemical Systematics and Encology,1986,14:481-486.
109. Kim M H. Flavonoids inhibit VEGF/BFGF induced angiogenesis in vitro by inhibiting thematrix-degrading proteases. J Cell Biochem,2003,89(3):529-538.
110. Klotz D M, Beckman B S, Hill S M, McLachlan J A, Walters M R, Arnold S F. Identification ofenvironmental chemicals with estrogenic activity using a combination of in vitro assays. Environ.Health Perspect.1996,104:84-89.
111. Knight D C, Eden J A. A review of the clinical effects of phytoestrogens.Obstet Gynecol.1996,87:897-904.
112. Kochs G, Grisebach. HInduction and characterization of a NADPH-dependent flavone synthasefrom cell cultures of soybean. Z Naturforsch,1987,42c:343-348.
113. Kochs G, Grisebach H. Phytoalexin synthesis in soybean: purification and reconstitution ofcytochrome P4503,9-dihydroxypterocarpan6a-hydroxylase and separation from cytochrome P450cinnamate4-hydroxylase. Arch Biochem Biophys,1989,273:543–553.
114. Kochs G, Werck-Reichhart D, Grisebach H. Further characterization of cytochrome P450involvedin phytoalexin synthesis in soybean: cytochrome P450cinnamate4-hydroxylase and3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan6a-hydroxylase. Arch Biochem Biophys,1992,293:187-194.
115. Konozy E H E, Bernardes E S, Rosa C, Faca V, Greene L J, Ward R J. Isolation, purification andphysiochemical characterization of a β-galactose-binding lectin from seeds of Erythrina speciosa.Arch. Biochem. Biophys.2003,410:222-229.
116. Kraus G, Spiteller G, Mithfer A, et al., Quantification of glyceollins in non-elicited seedlings ofglycine max by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phytochemistry,1995,40(3):739-743.
117. Kudou S, Fleury Y, Welt D, Magnolato D, Uchida T, Kitamura K. Malonyl isoflavone glycosides insoybean seeds (Glycine max Merrill). Agric. Biol. Chem.1991.,55:2227-2233.
118. Kuo M L, Yang N C. Reversion of v-H-ras-transformed NIH3T3cells by apignenin throughinhibiting mitogen activated protein kinase and its downstream oncogenes. Biochem Biophys ResCommun.1995,212:767-775.
119. Lamartiniere C A, Moore J B, Brown N M,Thompson R, Hardin M J, Barnes S. Genisteinsuppresses mammary cancer in rats. Carcinogenesis,1995,16:2833-2840.
120. Langcake P, Pryce R J. A new class of phytoalexins from grapevines.Cellul Mol Life Sci,1977,33:151-152.
121. Latunde-Dada A O, Cabello-Hurtado F, Czittrich N,Didierjean L, Schopfer C, Hertkorn N,Werck-Reichhart D, Ebel J. Flavonoid6-hydroxylase from soybean (Glycine max L.): a novel plantP450monooxygenase. J Biol Chem,2001,276:1688-1695.
122. Laflamme P, Khouri H, Gulick P, et al. Enzymatic preny-lation of isoflavones in white lupin.Phytochemist ry,1993,34(1):147-151.
123. Lay, Bhuiyan M, Mohammad R M，et al. Induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells by TPA.Ontogeny,1998,17:2915-2920.
124. Lee S A, Shu X, Li H, et al. Adolescent and adult soy food intake and brest cancer risk: resultsfrom the shanghai womens health study[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,2009,89(6):1920-1926.
125. Liu C, Blount J W, Steele C L, Dixon R A. Bottlenecks for metabolic engineering of isoflavoneglycoconjugates in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,2002.,99:14578–14583.
126. Li X, Baudry J, Berenbaum M R, Schuler M A. Structural and functional divergence of insectCYP6B proteins: From specialist to generalist cytochrome P450. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101:2939–2944.
127. Liu C J, Huhman D, Sumner L W, Dixon R A. Regiospecific hydroxylation of isoflavones bycytochrome P45081E enzymes from Medicago truncatula. Plant J,2003,36:471-484.
128. Li S，Li T，et al.Fractionation and stractural characterization of haw pectin oligosaccharides. EuroFood Res Technol,2011,233:731-734.
129. Lin C Z, Guan H S, Li H H,et al. The influence of molecular mass of sulfated propyleneglycolester of low-molecular-weight alginate on anticoagulant activities. European PolymerJournal,2007,43:3009-3015.
130. Lngham J L, Keen N T, Mulheirn L J, et al. Induciblyformed isoflavonoids from leaves of soybean.Phytochemistry,1981,20(4):795-798.
131. Loake G J, Choudhar y A D, Harrison M J, et al. Phenyl-propanoid pathway intermediates regulat etr ansient expression of a chalcone synthase gene promoter. Plant Cell,1991,3:829-840.
132. Luijten M, Verhoef A, Beems R B, et al. Modulation of mammary tumor development inTg.NK(MMTV/c-neu)mice by dietary fatty acids an life stage-specific exposure to phytoestrogens.Reproductive Toxicology,2007,23(3):407-413.
133. Lykkesfeldt J, Moller B L. Synthesis of benzylglucosinolate in Tropaeolus majus L.:isothiocyanates as potent enzyme inhibitors. Plant Physiol.1993.,102:609-613.
134. Ma H P, Ming L G, Ge B F, et al. Icariin is more potent than genistein in promoting osteoblastdifferentiation and mineralization in vitro. J Cell Biochem,2011,112(3):916-923.
135. Maeda Y, Kimura Y. Antitumor effects of various low-molecular weight chitosans are due toincreasednatural killeractivity of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in sarcoma180-bearingmice. J Nutr,2004,134(4):945-950.
136. Magrath R, Mithen R. Maternal effects on the expression of individual aliphatic glucosinolates inseeds and seedlings of Brassica napus. Plant Breed.1993,111:249-252.
137. Malamy J E, Benfey P N. Down and out in Arabidopsis: the formation of lateral roots. Trends PlantSci,1997b,2:390-396.
138. Makela S I, Pylkkanen L H, Santti R S, Adlercreutz H. Dietary soybean may be anti-estrogenic inmale mice. J Nutr.1994,125:437-445.
139. Mauro M L, De Lorenzo G, Costantino P, Bellincampi D. Oligogalacturonides inhibit the inductionof late but not of early auxin-responsive genes in tobacco. Planta,2002,215:494-501.
140. McInerney E M, Weis K E, Sun J, Mosselmam S, Katzenellenbogen B S. Transcription activationby the human estrogen receptor subtype (ER) studied with ER receptor chimeras. Endocrinology.1998,139:4513-4522.
141. Mconnon A F, letcher P L, Cade J E, et al. Differences in perceptions of functional foods: UKpublic vs. nutritionists. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrit ion Bulletin,2004,29(1):11-18.
142. Mense S M, Hei T K, Ganju R K,et al. Phytoestrogens and breast cancer prevention: possiblemechanisms of action. Environ Health Perspect,2008,116(4):426-433.
143. Messina M J, Persky V, Setvhell K D R,et al.Soy in take and cancer risk: are view of the in vitroand invivodata. Nut-Cancer1994,21:113-115.
144. Miller G L, Dean J, Blum R. A study of methods for preparing oligosaccharides from cellulose.Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics,1960,91:21-26.
145. Miranda C L, Aponso G L M, Stevens J F, et al. Preny-lated chalcones and flavanones as inducersof quinine reductase in mouse Hepa lclc7cells. Cancer Letters,2000,49:21-29.
146. Mosmann T. Rapid colorinetric assay for cellular growth and survial: Application to proliferationand cytotoxicity assays. J lmmunol Methods,1983,65(1-2):55-65．
147. Muzzarelli R A A. Chitin. London: Oxford Pergamon Press,1977:262-270.
148. Murphy P A, Song T, Buseman G, et al. Isoflavones in retail and institutional soy foods. J. Agric.Food Chem.1999,47,2697-2704.
149. Nakamura1S. Bioavailability of cellobiose and other non-digestible and/or non-absorbable sugarsubstitutes and related topics. Nutrition,2005,21:1158-1159.
150. Ngamrojanavanich N, Loontaisong A, Pengpreecha S, Cherdshewasart W, Pornpakakul S, PudhomK, Roengsumran S, Petsom A. Cytotoxic constituents from Butea superb Roxb. J. Ethnopharmacol.2007,109:354-358.
151. Nunez NP, Jelovac D,Macedo L, et al. Effects of the antiestrogen tamoxifen and the aromataseinhibitor letrozole on serumhormones and bone characteristics in a preclinical tumor model forbreast cancer. Clin Cancer Res2004;10:5375-5380.
152. Ogura Y, Ishihara A, Iwamura H. Induction of hydroxycinnamic acid amides and tryptophan byjasmonic acid, abscisic acid and osmotic stress in barley leaves. Z Naturforsch,2001,56:193-202.
153. Ohkawara S, Okuma Y, Uehara T,Yamagishi T, Nomura Y. Astrapterocarpan isolated fromAstragalus membranaceus inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol.2005,525:41-47.
154. Pace-Asciak C R, Hahn S, Diamandis E P,Soleas G, Goldberg D M. The red wine phenolicstrans-resveratrol and quercetin block human platelet aggregation and eicosanoid synthesis：Implications for protection against coronary heart disease. Clinica Chimica Acta，1995,235:207-219.
155. Pace-Asciak C R, Rounova O, Hahn S E, Diamandis E P,Goldberg D M. Wines and grape juices asmodulators of platelet aggregation in healthy human subjects. Clinica ChimicaActa,1996.,246:163-182.
156. Paxton J D. Biosynthesis and accumulation of legume phytoalexins. In: Sharma R P, Salunkhe D K,editors. Mycotoxins and phytoalexins. Boca Raton (FL): C RCPress;1991:485-299.
157. Parkin D M, Dray F, Ferlay J, et al. Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan2000. Int Jcancer,2001,94:153.
158. Paxton J D. Fungal elicitors of phytoalexins and their potential use in agriculture. BiologicallyActive Products,1988,380(28):109-119.
159. Peng Y, Bo Y. Extraction mechanism of total flavonoids from red kidney bean by microwave andlight wave radiation. Adv Mater Res,2012,361-363..
160. Peterson G. Barnes S. Genistein inhibition of the growth of human breast cancer cells:independence from estrogen receptors and the multi-drug resistance gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res.Commun.1991,179:661–667.
161. Phillips D A. Flavonoids: Plant signals to soil microbes. In: H.A. Stafford and R.K. Ibrahim (Eds.)Recent advances in Phytochemistry, Vol26. Phenolic Metabolism in Plants, Plenum Press,NewYork,1992:201-231.
162. Phommalth S, Jeong Y S. Kim Y H, Dhakal K H, Hwang Y H. Effects of light treatment onisoflavone content of germinated soybean seeds. J.Agric.Food Chem.2008,12:10123-10128
163. Pierre R E. Phytoalexin induction in beans resistant or susceptible to Fusarium and Thielaviopsis.Phytopatholgy1971,61:322-327.
164. Pietinen P, Stumpf K, Mannisto S, et al. Serumenterolactone and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in eastern Finland. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2001,10(4):339-344.
165. Pollard M, Lucker P H. Influence of isoflavone in soy protein isolated son development to inducedprostate-related cancer in L-W rats. Nutr-Cancer,1997,28(1):41-42.
166. Privatm, Aubel C, Arnould S, et al. Breast cancer cell response to genistein is conditioned byBRCA1mutations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2009,379(3):785-789.
167. Purkayastha R P. Progress in phytoalexin research during the past50years. In Handbook ofPhytoalexin Metabolism and Action; Daniel M, Purkayastha R P, Eds. Dekker:New York,1995:1-39.
168. Qutob D, Hraber P T, Sobral B W S, Gijzen M. Comparative analysis of expressed sequences inPhytophthora sojae.Plant Physiol.2000,123:243–253.
169. Ranilla L G, Genovese M I, Lajolo F M. Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of seed coat andcotyledon from Brazilian and Peruvian bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Agric. Food Chem.2007,55:90-98.
170. Renaud S, Logeril M D. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and french paradox for coronary heart disease.Lancet,1992,339:1523-1526.
171. Reymond P, Farmer E E. Jasmonate and salicylate as global signals for defense gene expression.Current Opinion in Plant Biology,1998,1(5):404-411.
172. Rivera-Vargas L I, Schmitthenner A F, Graham T L. Soybean flavonoid effects on and metabolismby Phytophthora sojae. Phytochem,1993,32:851-857.
173. Rizk A M, Hammouda F M, Ismail S I, Azzam S A, Wood G. Studies on green beans (Phaseolusvulgaris):1. Phytoalexins of the pods. Qualitas Plantarum Pl Foods Human Nutr1984,34:203-210.
174. Roberfroid M B. A european consensus of scientific concepts of functional food s. Nutrition,2000,16(7):689)-691.
175. Sanchez-Gonzalez M, Rosazza J P. Microbial transformations of chalcones: hydroxylation,O-demethylation, and cyclization to flavanones. J Nat Prod,2004,67:553-558.
176. Sawada Y, Kinoshita K, Akashi T, Aoki T, Ayabe S. Key amino acid residues required for arylmigration catalyzed by the cytochrome P4502-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase. Plant J,2002,31:555-564.
177. Sawada Y, Ayabe S. Multiple mutagenesis of P450isoflavonoid synthase reveals a key active-siteresidue.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2005,330:907-913.
178. Saiduh K, Ohnah J, Orisadipie A, Olusola A, Wambebe C, Gamaniel K. Antiplasmodial, analgesicand anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Erythrina senegalensis. J.Ethnopharmacol.2000,71:275-280.
179. Salvova, Boue′S M, Fonseca J P, et al. Antiestrogenic glyceollins suppress human breast andovarian carcinoma tumorigenesis. Clinical Cancer Research,2006,12(23):7159-7164.
180. Samejima M, Sugiyama J, Igarashi K, Erikleriksson K. Enzymatic hydrolysis of bacterial cellulose.Carbohydrate Research,1997,305(2):281-288.
181. Santell R C, Kieu N, Helferich W G. Genistein inhibits growth of estrogen-independent humanbreast cancer cells in culture but not in athymic mice. J Nutr,2000,130(7):1665-1669.
182. Sakurai Y, Sakurai N, Taniguchi M, Nakanishi Y, Bastow K F, Wang X, Cragg G M, Lee K H.Rautandiols A and B, pterocarpans and cytotoxic constituents from Neorautanenia mitis.J. Nat.Prod.2006,69:397-399.
183. Sacks F M, Lichtenstein A, Van Horn L, Harris W, Kris-Etherton P, Winston M: Soy protein,isoflavones, and cardiovascular health: an American Heart Association Science Advisory forprofessionals from the Nutrition Committee. Circulation2006,113:1034-1044.
184. Sharp J K, Valent B, Albersheim P. Purification and partial characterization of a β-glucan fragmentthat elicits phytoalexin accumulation in soybean. J Biol Chem,1984,59:11312-11320.
185. Schoenbohm C, Martens S, Eder C, Forkmann G, Weisshaar B. Identification of the Arabidopsisthaliana flavonoid3￠-hydroxylase gene and functional expression of the encoded P450enzyme.Biol Chem,2000,381:749-753.
186. Schopfer C R, Ebel J. Identification of elicitor-induced cytochrome P450s of soybean (Glycinemax L.) using differential display of mRNA. Mol Gen Genet,1998,258:315–322.
187. Setchell K D R, Gosselin S J, Welsh M B, et al., Dietary estrogens: a possible cause of infertilityand liver disease in captive cheetahs. Gastroenterology,1987,93:225-233.
188. Setchell K D R, Adlercreutz H.Mammalian lignans and phytooestrogens: recent studies on theirformation, metabolism and biological role in health and disease. In: The Role of Gut Microflora inToxicity and Cancer (Rowland IA, ed.). Academic Press, New York,1988:315-345.
189. Seo E K, Kim N C, Mi Q, Chai H, Wall M E, Wani M C, Navarro H A, Burgess J P, Graham J G,Cabieses F, Tan G T, Farnsworth N R, Pezzuto J M, Kinghorn A D. Macharistol,a newcytotoxiccinnamylphenol from the stems of Machaerium aristulatum. J. Nat. Prod.2001,64:1483-1485.
190. She X P, Song X G, He J M. Role and relationship of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in light/dark-regulated stomatal movement in Vicia faba. Acta Bot anica Sinica,2004,46(11):1292-1300.
191. Shoemaker R, Keim P, Vodkin L, Retzel E, Clifton S W, Waterson R, Smoller D, Coryell V,Khanna A, Erpelding J, Gai X, Brendel V, Raph-Schmidt C, Shoop E G, Vielweber C J, Schmatz M,Pape D, Bowers Y, Theising B, Martin J, Dante M, Wylie T, Granger C. A compilation of soybeanESTs: generation and analysis. Genome,2002,45:329-338.
192. Smith D A, Van Etten H D, Bateman D F. Kievitone: the principal antifungal component of“substance II” isolated from Rhizoctonia-infected bean tissues. Physiol. Plant Pathol,1973,3:179-186.
193. Smith D A, Van Etten H D, Bateman D F.Accumulation of phytoalexins in Phaseolus vulgarishypocotyls following infection by Rhizoctonia solani. Physiol. Plant Pathol.1975,5:51-64.
194. Song T T,Hendrich S, Murphy P A. Estrogenic activity of glycitein, a soy isoflavone. J.Agric.FoodChem.1999,47:1607-1610.
195. Soto A M, Sonnenschein C, Chung K L, Fernandez M F, Olea N, Serrano F O. The E-screen assayas a tool to identify estrogens: an update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ. HealthPerspect.1995,103:113-117.
196. Soule H D, Vazquez J, Long A, Albert S, Brennan M. A human cell line from a pleural effusionderived from a breast carcinoma. J Nat Cancer Inst.1973,51:1409-1416.
197. Spiro M D, Ridley B L, Eberhard S, Kates K A, Mathieu Y, O’Neill M A, Mohnen D, Guern J,Darvill A, Albersheim P. Biological activity of reducing-end-derivatized oligogalacturonides intobacco tissue cultures. Plant Physiol,1998,116:1289-1298
198. Spiro M D, Bowers J F, Cosgrove D J.A comparison of oligogalacturonide and auxin-inducedextracellular alkalinization and growth responses in roots of intact cucumber seedlings. PlantPhysiol,2002,130:895-903.
199. Steele C L, Gijzen M, Qutob D, Dixon R A. Molecular characterization of the enzyme catalyzingthe aryl migration reaction of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.1999,367:146-150.
200. Strom B L, Schinnar R, Ziegle E E, Barhard K T, Sammel M D, Macones G A, Stallings V A,Drulis J M, Nelson S E,Hanson S A. Exposure to soy-based formula in infancy andendocrinological and reproductive outcomes in young adulthood. J. Am. Med. Assoc.2001,286:807-814.
201. Stygar D, Muravitskaya N, Eriksson B, Eriksson H, Sahlin L. Effects of SERM(selective estrogenreceptor modulator) treatment on growth and proliferation in the rat uterus. Reprod BiolEndocrinol,2003;1:40-47.
202. Stein G S, van Wijnen A J, Stein J L, et al. An architec-tural perspective of cell-cycle control at theG1/Sphase cell-cycle transition. J Cell Physiol,2006,209(3):706-710.
203. Stossel P. Regulation by sulfhydryl groups of glyceollins accumulation in soybean hypocotyls.Planta,1984,160:314-319.
204. Stossel P. Glyceollins production in soybean, Phytopath. Z.,1982,105:109119.
205. Stephen M B,Matthew E B,Thomas E W,Betty Y S,Steven E,Carol H, et al. Estrogenic andAntiestrogenic Activities of Phytoalexins from Red Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agric.Food Chem,2011,59:112-120.
206. Sugawara S, Hishiyama S, Jikumaru Y, Hanada A, Nishimura T, Koshiba T, Zhao Y, Kamiya Y,Kasahara H. Biochemical analyses of indole-3-acetaldoxime-dependent auxin biosynthesis inArabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2009,106:5430-5435.
207. Swarup R, Friml J, Marchant A, Ljung K, Sandberg G, Palme K, Bennett M. Localization of theauxin permease AUX1suggests two functionally distinct hormone transport pathways operate inthe Arabidopsis root apex. Genes Dev,2001,15:2648-2653.
208. Takaoka M. Phenolic substances of white hellebore（Veratrum grandiflorum Loes. fil.）. II.Synthesis of resveratrol and its derivatives.Proceedings of the Imperial Academy（Tokyo）,Ser.III,1940.,3:1-16.
209. Takenaka T, Muto O, Yasunami K, et al.Antibacterial activity of pectin hydrolyzates. J Soc FoodSci Technol,1994,41:785-792.
210. Tamura S, Bito T, Ichihashi M, et al. Genistein enhances thecisplatin-induced inhibition of cellgrowth and apoptosis in human malignant melanoma cells. Pigment cell Res,2003,16(5):470-476.
211. Tegelberg R, Julkunen-Tiitto T.Quantitative changes in secondary metabolites of dark-leavedwillow (Salix myrsinifolia) exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-βradiation. Physiol Plant,2002,113:541-547.
212. Telikepalli H, Gollapudi S R, Keshavarz Shokri A, Velazquez L, Sandmann R A,Veliz E A, Rao KV J,Madhavi A S, Mitscher L A. Isoflavonoids and a cinnamyl phenol from root extracts ofErythrina variegata. Phytochemistry.1990,29,2005-2007.
213. Thanos J, Cotterchio M, Boucher B A, et al. Adolescent dietary phytoestrogen intake and breastcancer risk (Canada). Cancer Causes Control,2006,17(10):1253-1261.
214. Tominaga Y, Wang A, Wang R H, et al. Genistein inhibits Brca1mutant tumor growth throughactivation of DNA damage checkpoints,cell cycle arrest, and mitotic catastrophe. Cell Death Differ,2007,14(3):472-479.
215. Tsukamoto C, Shimada S, Igita K, Kudou S, Kokubun M, Okubo K, Kitamura K. Factors affectingisoflavone content in soybean seeds: changes in isoflavones, saponins and composition of fattyacids at different temperatures during seed development. J. Agric. Food Chem.1995,43:1184-1192.
216. Umehara K, Nemoto K, Ohkubo T, et al. Isolation of a new15-membered macrocyclic glycolipidlactone, cuscutic resinoside a from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis: a stimulator of breast cancer cellproliferation. Planta Med,2004,70(4):299-304.
217. Umemoto N, Kakit ani M, Iwamat su A. The structure and funct ion of a soybean beta-glucan-elicitor-binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1997,94(3):1029-1034.
218. Upadhyay S, Neburim, Chinni S R, et al. Differential sensitivity of normal and malignant breastepithelial cells to genistein is partlymediated by p21(WAF1). Clin Cancer Res,2001,7(6):1782-1789.
219. Vorwerk S, Somerville S, Somerville C. The role of plant cell wall polysaccharide composition indisease resistance. Trends Plant Sci,2004,9:203-209.
220. Vanttinen K, Moraveova J. Phytoestrogen in soy foods：determination of daidzein and genistein bycapillary electrophrcsisl. Czech. J. Food. Sci,1999,17(2):61-67.
221. Vera-Estrella R, Higgins V J, Blumwald E. Plant defense response to fungal pathogens II:G-protein mediate changes in host plasma membrane redox reactions. Plant Physiol,1994,106:97-102.
222. Volotovski I D, Sokolovsky S G, Molchan O V, et al. Second messengers mediate increases incytosolic calcium in tobacco protoplasts. Plant Physiol,1998,117:1023-1030.
223. Wahala K，Adlercreutz H. Soybean inside the analysis of the anti-cancer composition. Proc SocExp Biol Med,1998,125:293.
224. Wang H J, Murphy P A. Isoflavone content of commercial soybean foods.J Agric Food Chem.1994,42:1666-1673.
225. W tjen W, Kulawik A, Suckow-schnitker A K, et al. Pterocarpans phaseollin and neorautenolisolated from Erythrina addisoniae induce apoptotic cell death accompanied by inhibition of ERKphosphorylation. Toxicology,2007,242:71-79.
226. Whitten P L, Russell E, Naftolin F. Influence of phytoestrogens diets on estradiol action in the ratuterus. Steroids,1994,59:443-449.
227. Wiese T E, Kral L G, Dennis K E,Butler W B, Brooks S C. Optimization of estrogen growth inMCF-7cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol.1992,28A:595-602.
228. White L R, Petrovitch H, Ross G W, et al. Brain aging and midlife tofuconsumption. J Am CollNutr,2000,19(2):242-255.
229. Wood C E, Clarkson T B, Appt S E, Franke A A, Boue S M, Burow M E, McCoy T, Cline J M.Effects of soybean glyceollins and estradiol in postmenopausal female monkeys.Nutr Cancer2006,56:74-81.
230. Woopcy, Fung A M Y, Lau S K P, et al. Iden tification by16S rRNA Gen e Sequencing of Lactobacillu s salivarius Bacterem ic C holecystitis. J Microbiol,2002,40(1):265-267.
231. Wu A H, Wan P, Hankin J, et al. Adolescent and adult soy intake and risk of breast cancer inAsian-Am ericans. Carcinogenesis,2002,23(9):1491-1496.
232. Wu Q, Wang M, Simon J E. Determination of isoflavones in red clover and related species byhigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet and mass spectrometricdetection. J Chromatogr A,2003,1016(2):195-209.
233. Wu G, Lewis D R, Spalding E R Mutations in Arabidopsis multidrug resistance-like ABCtransporters separate the roles of acropetal and basipetal auxin transport in lateral root development.Plant Cell,2007,19:1826-1837.
234. Yang L, Chen Q, Wang F, et al. Antiosteoporotic compounds from seeds of Cuscuta chinensis. JEthnopharmacol,2011,135(2):553-560.
235. Yap S P, Shen P, Butler M S, et al. New estrogenic prenylflavone from Epimedium brevicornuminhibits the growth of breast cancer cells. Planta Med,2005,71(2):114-119.
236. Yin S W, et al. Functional properties and in vitro trypsin digestibility of red kidney bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L) protein isolate: Effect of high-pressure treatment. Food Chem,2008,110:938-945.
237. Yu O, Jung W, Shi J, Croes R.A, Fader G.M, McGonigle B, Odell J T. Production of theisoflavones genistein and daidzein in non-legume dicot and monocot tissues. Plant Physiol.2000,124:781-793.
238. Yoshihisa Tomoda, Kenji Umemura, Takashi Adachi, etal. Promotion of barley root elongationunder hypoxic conditions by alginate lyase-lysate. Biosci Biotech Biochem,1994,58(1):202-203.
239. Zhao J, Guo Y, Fujita K, Sakai K. Involvement of cAMP signaling pathway in elicitor-inducedphytoalecin accumulation in Cupressus lusitanica cell cultures. New Phytol,2004,161:723-733.
240. Zimmermann M C,Tilghman S L,Boue′S M,Salvo V A, Elliott S, Williams K Y, Skripnikova E V,Ashe H, Payton-Stewart F, Vanhoy-Rhodes L, Fonseca J P, Corbitt C, Collins-Burow B M,HowellM H, Lacey M, Shih B Y, Carter-Wientjes C, Cleveland T E, McLachlan J A,Wiese T E, BeckmanB S, Burow M E.Glyceollins I, a novel antiestrogenic phytoalexin isolated from activated soy. J.Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.2009,332,35-45.
241. Zhou J, Gugger E T, Tanaka T, et al.Soybean phytochemicals inhibit the growth of transplantablehuman prostate carcinoma and tumor angiogenesis in mice. J Nutr,1999,129(9):1628-1635.
242. Zhou Y, Lee A S. Mechanism for the suppression of the mammalian stress response by genistein,an anticancer phytoestrogen from soy. Natl Cancer Inst,1998,90(5):381-388.
243. Zhu D.,Hettlarachchy N S, Horax R,Chen, P. Isoflavone contents in germinated soybean seeds.Plant Food Hum. Nutr.2005,60,147-151.
2.胡斌,邓放明,唐春江.大豆异黄酮的生理功能及检测方法研究进展农产品加工.2008,(5):82-85.
3.胡佳,石波, Ojokoh Eromosele solomon,梁平,李静梅.褐藻酸寡糖诱导下大豆中大豆抗毒素的累积变化.中国农业科学,2012,45(8):1576-1586.
4.蒋春霞,潘连军,冯耀,等.大豆异黄酮对雄性大鼠生殖器官生长发育的影响.中华男科学杂志,2008,14(4):351-355.
5.李鹏,李晓磊,高长城.大豆异黄酮生理功能的研究进展.长春大学学报,2009,10(19):58.
6.李亚玲,叶云,李俊.天然植物雌激素-染料木黄酮延缓女性更年期的临床疗效观察及其作用机制的研究.中国妇幼保健,2013,28(3):645-649.
7.李连弟,鲁凤珠,张思维,等.中国恶性肿瘤20年变化趋势及近期预测分析.中华肿瘤杂志,1997,19(6):3.
8.李世敏.功能性食品加工技术.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2003.
9.刘志胜,李里特,辰巳英三.大豆异黄酮及其生理功能研究进展.食品工业科技,2000,21(1):78-80.
10.梁元存,刘爱新,商明清.诱导剂诱导植物抗性的作用机制.植物生理学通讯,2001,37(5):442-445.
11.马莲菊,卜宁,马纯艳,等.褐藻胶寡糖对豌豆种子萌发和幼苗的某些生理特性的影响.植物生理学通讯,2007,43(6):1097-1100.
12.苗慧.大豆异黄酮的研究进展.国外医学中医中药分册,2005,2(27):86.
13.彭义交,刘宗林.大豆异黄酮双向纸层析分析方法的研究.食品科学,2004,25(4):141-144.
14.孙艳梅,张永忠,王伊强,等. β-葡萄糖苷酶水解大豆异黄酮糖苷的研究.中国粮油学报,2006,21(2):86-89.
15.孙君明,丁安林,张艳,等.大豆异黄酮的研究概况.大豆科学,1995,14(2):160-166.
16.孙君明,丁安林,常汝镇,等.中国大豆异黄酮含量的初步分析.中国粮油学报,1995,10(4):51-54.
17.孙军明,东慧茹.高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术检测大豆异黄酮含量.大豆科学,2000,19(1):25.
18.王秀娟,陈海敏,严小军.琼胶寡糖诱导菜豆活性氧相关防御及机理初探.中国生物防治学报.2011.27(2)254-259.
19.王兆梅,李琳,郭祁远,张海容.大豆异黄酮分离特性及其检测的初步探讨.食品与发酵工业,2002,28(7):66-68.
20.徐颖.高效液相色谱法检测大豆异黄酮含量.油脂开发,2006,6(14):33-35.
21.杨洁,蒙缔亚,李露.高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中大豆异黄酮含量.分析测试技术与仪器,2007,13(2):130-135.
22.杨大望.我国八百万宫颈癌普查分析.中华肿瘤杂志,1985,7(4):308.
23.于海峰,刘庆军,曲静然,等．大豆异黄酮的功能与应用．山东轻工业学院学报,2003,17(3):57-62.
24.周三,关崎春雄,岳旺,泽聪子,杨志宏.野生大豆、黑豆和大豆的异黄酮类成份比较.大豆科学,2008,27(2):315-319.
25.张虹,向俊锋,谭莉,戴玮,等.海桐皮提取物的抗肿瘤活性及其机制研究.药学学报.2009,44(12):13591363.
26.张立. RP-HPLC法测定大豆提取物中大豆苷元、染料木素、大豆苷、染料木苷的含量.中草药,2001(32)2:118-120.
27. Adham V M, Syed D N, Khan N, et al., Phytochemicals for prevention of solar ultraviolet radiationinduced damages. Photochemistry and Photobiology,2008,84:489-500.
28. Akiyama T, Ishida J, Nakagawa S, et al., Genistein, a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-specific proteinkinases. J Biol Chem.1987,262:5592–5595.
29. Allred C D, Allred K F, Ju Y H, et al., Soy diets containing varying amounts of genistein stimulategrowth of estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) tumors in a dose-dependent manner. Cancer Res,2001,61(13):5045-5050.
30. An Q D, Zhang G L, Wu H T, et al., Alginate-deriving oligosaccharide production by alginase fromnewly isolated Flavobacterium sp. LXA and its potential application in protection againstpathogens. Journal of Applied Microbiology,2009,106:161-170.
31. Astrid G Z, Ross S, Wu Z X, et al. Soy isoflavone glycitein protects against beta amyloid inducedtoxicity and oxidative stress in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans.BMC Neuroscience,2005,6:54-
62.
32. Ayers, A R.; Ebel J, Finelli F, Berger N, Albersheim P. Host-Pathogen Interactions, IX. Quantitativeassay of elicitor activity and characterization of the elicitor present in the extracellular medium ofcultures of Phytophthora megasperma Var. Sojae. Plant Physiol.1976,57:751-759.
33. Banerjee S, Li Yiwei, Wang Z, et al., Multi-targeted therapy of cancer by genistein. Cancer Lett,2008,269(2):226-242.
34. Barnes S, Grubbs C, Setchell K D R, Carlson J. Soybeans inhibit mammary tumors in models ofbreast cancer. In Mutagens and Carcinogens in the Diet; Pariza, W., Aeschbacher, U., Felton, M.,Eds.; Wiley-Liss: New York,1990, pp239-254.
35. Barnes S, Peterson T G., Grubbs C, Setchell K D R, Carlson J, Potential role of dietary isoflavonesin the prevention of cancer. In Diet and Cancer: Markers, Prevention, and Treatment; Jacobs, M.,Ed.; Plenum Press: New York,1994, pp135-147.
36. Barnes S, Peterson T G. Biochemical Targets of the isoflavone Genistein in Tumor cell lines.Experimental Biology and Medicine,1995,208:109.
37. Barnes S. The chemopreventive properties of soy isoflavonoids in animal models of breast cancer.Breast Cancer ResTreat,1997,46:169-179.
38. Barnes K A, Simth R A, Williams K. A microbore HPLC/ESI-MS method for the determination ofthe phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein in comminuted baby foods and soyaflour. RapidCommunicationsin Mass Spectrometry,1998,12:130-138.
39. Barkhem T, Carlsson B, Nilsson Y, Enmark E, Gustafsson J A, Nilsson S. Differential response ofestrogen receptor and estrogen receptor to partial estrogen agonists/antagonists. Mol Pharmacol,1998,54:105–112.
40. Beninger C W, Hosfield G L. Flavonol glycosides from Montcalm dark red kidney bean:implications for the genetics of seed coat color in Phaseolus vulgaris L. J. Agric. Food Chem.1999,47,4079-4082.
41. Bylund A, Saarinen N, Zhang J,et al., Anticancr effects of a plant lignan7-hydroxymatairesinol ona prostate cancermodel in vivo. Exp Biol Med (Maywood),2005,230(3):217-223.
42. Bolger R, Wiese T E, Ervin K, Nestich S, Checovich W. Rapid screening of environmentalchemicals for estrogen receptor binding capacity. Environ Health Perspect,1998,106:551-557.
43. Boue′S M, Carter C H, Ehrlich K C, et al., Induction of the phytoalexin coumestrol andglyceollins by Aspergillus. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2000,48:2167-2172.
44. Boue′S M, Wiese T E, Nehls S, et al., Evaluat ion of the estrogenic effect s of legume extractscontaining phytoestrogens. Agric Food Chem,2003,51(8):21-31.
45. Boue′S M, Shih F F, Daigle K W, Carter-Wientjes C, Shih B Y, Cleveland T E. Effect of bioticelicitors on enrichment of antioxidant properties of induced isoflavones in soybean. J. Food Sci.2008,73(4),43-49.
46. Boue′S M, Tilghman S L, Elliott S, Zimmerman M C, Williams K Y, Payton-Stewart F, Miraflor AP, Howell M H, Shih B Y, Carter-Wientjes C H, Segar C, Beckman B S, Wiese T E, Cleveland T E,McLachlan J A, Burow M E. Identification of the potent phytoestrogen glycinol in elicited soybean(Glycine max.). Endocrinology2009,150,2446-2453.
47. Brown D E, Rashotte A M, Murphy A S, Normanly J, Tague B W, Peer W A, Taiz L, Muday G K.Flavonoids act as negative regulators of auxin transport in vivo in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol,2001,126:524-535.
48. Buer C S, Muday G K. The transparent testa4mutation prevents flavonoid synthesis and altersauxin transport and the response of Arabidopsis roots to gravity and light. PlantCell,2004,16:1191-1205.
49. Buer C S, Muday G K, Djordjevic M A. Architectural phenotypes in the transparent testa mutantsof Arabidopsis thaliana.J Exp Bot,2009,60:751–763.
50. Burden R S, Bailey J A, Dawson G W. Structures of three new isoflavanoids from Phaseolusvulgaris infected with tobacco necrosis virus. Tetrahedron Lett.1972,41,4175-4178.
51. Burow M E, Weldon C B, Chiang T C, Tang Y, Collins-Burow B M, Rolfe K, Li S,McLachlan, J A,Beckman B S. Differences in protein kinase C and estrogen receptor, β expressionand signalingcorrelate with apoptotic sensitivity of MCF-7breast cancer cell variants. Int. J. Oncol.2000,16,1179-1187.
52. Burow M E, Boue S M, Collin-Burow B M, Melnik L I, Duong B N, Carter-Wientjes C H, Li S F,Wiese T E, Cleveland T E, McLachlan J A. Phytochemical glyceollins, isolated from soy, mediateantihormonal effects through estrogen receptor alpha and beta. J Clin Endocrinol Metab2001;86:1750-1758.
53. Burow M E. Antiestrogenic glyceollins suppress human breast and ovarian carcinomatumorigenesis. J. Clin. Cancer Res.2006,12(23):7159-7164.
54. Cabrera J C, Boland A, Messiaen J, Cambier P, Van Cutsem P. Egg box conformation ofoligogalacturonides: the time-dependent stabilization of the elicitor-active conformation increasesits biological activity. Glycobiology,2008,18:473-482.
55. Casimiro I, Marchant A, Bhalerao R P, Beeckman T, Dhooge S, Swarup R, Graham N, Inze′D,Sandberg G, Casero P J, Bennett M J. Auxin transport promotes Arabidopsis lateral root initiation.Plant Cell,2001,13:843-852.
56. Casper F R, Quesne M. Resveratrol has antagonist activity on the art hydrocarbon receptor：Implications for prevention of dioxin toxicity. Molecular Pharmacology,1999,56:784-790.
57. Charlota D, Chen J, Wang L, et al., Flaxseed inhibits metastasis and decreases extracellularvascular endothelial growth factor in human breast cancer xenografts. Cancer Letters,2002,185(1):31-37.
58. Choi B K, Kim K Y, Yoo Y J, et al., In vitro antimicrobia l activity of a chitooligosaccharidemixture against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcusm utans. Int JAntimicrobAgents,2001,18:553-557.
59. Cline J M, Soderqvist G, von Schoultz B, Skoog L. Regional distribution of proliferating cells andhormone receptors in the mammary gland of surgically postmenopausal macaques. Gynecol ObstetInvest,1997,44:41-46.
60. Collins-Burow B M, Burow M E, Duong B N, McLachlan J A. Estrogenic and antiestrogenicactivities of flavonoid phytochemicals through estrogen receptor binding-dependent and-independent mechanisms. Nutr Cancer,2000,38:229-244.
61. Cottiglia F, Casu L, Bonsignore L, Casu M, Floris C, Leonti M, Gertsch J, Heilmann J. Newcytotoxic prenylated isoflavonoids from Bituminaria morisiana. Planta Med,2005,71,254-260.
62. Corder R, Douthwaite J A, Lees D M, Khan N Q, Santos A, Wood E, Carrier M. Health：Endothelin-1synthesis reduced by red wine. Nature,2001,414:863-864.
63. Cui L, Thuong P T, Lee H S, et al., Flavanones from the stem bark of Erythrina abyssinica. BioorgMed Chem,2008,16:10356-10362.
64. Cui Y, Lu C, Liu L, et al., Reactibation of methylationsilenced tumor suppressor gene p16INK4aby nordihydroguaiaretic acid and its implication in G1cycle arrest. Life Sciences,2008,82(5/6):247-255.
65. Darvill A G, Albersheim P. Phytoalexins and their elicitors: a defense against microbial infection inplants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol,1984,35:243-275.
66. Danhua Z, Navam S H, Ronny H, et al., Isoflavone contents in germinated soybean seeds.PlantFoods for Human Nutrition,2005,60:147-151.
67. Daniel O, Meier M S, Schlatter J, Frishknect P. Selected phenolic compounds in cultivated plants:ecologic functions, health implications, and modulation by pesticides. Environ Health Perspect,1999,107:109-114.
68. Dagne E, Gunatilaka A A L, Kingston D G I, Alemu M, Hofmann G, Johnson R. Two bioactivepterocarpans from Erythrina burana. J. Nat. Prod,1993,56:1831-1834.
69. Davis D D, Diaz-Cruz E S, Landini S, Kim Y W, Brueggemeier R W. Evaluation of syntheticisoflavones on cell proliferation, estrogen receptor binding affinity, and apoptosis in human breastcancer cells. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol,2008,108:23-31.
70. Davidson E A. Analysis of sugars found in mucopolysaccharides. Methods Enzymol,1966,8:52-60.
71. Delledonne M, Xia Y, Dixon R A, et al. Nitric oxide functions as a signal in plant diseaseresistance. Nature,1998,394:585-588.
72. Doxin R A, Paiva N L. Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell,1995,7:1085-1097.
73. Doherty J, Buescher R., Occurrence of the phytoalexin phaseollin in pods of Phaseolus vulgaris. J.Sci. Food Agric,1978,29:853-856.
74. Ebel J, Ayers A R, Albersheim P. Host pathogen interactions. XII. Response of cultured soybeancells to the elicit or isolated from Phytophthorea megasperma var. sojae, a fungal pathogen ofsoybean.Plant Phy siol,1976,57:775-779.
75. Eld A C, Kow W F. Soybean isoflavone: Effect of environment and variety on com position.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1983,31:394-396.
76. Eldridge A,Kwolek W. Effect of environment and variety on composition. J.Agric.FoodChem,1983,31:394-396.
77. El-Nakeeb M A, Yousef R T. Study of antimicrobial action of pectin.I.Antibacterial and antifungalactivities of pectin. Planta Med,1970,18:201-209.
78. Fawe A, Abou Z M, Menzies J G. Silicon-mediated accumulation o f flavonoid phytoalexins incucumber.Phyto patho log y,1998,88(5):396-401.
79. Feng S, et al.,Fungal-stressed germination of Black soybeans leads to generation ofoxooctadecadienoic acids in addition to glyceollins．J Agric Food Chem,2007,55:8589-8595．
80. Feng S, Saw C L, Lee Y K, Huang D. Novel process of fermenting black soybean (Glycine max (L.)Merrill) yogurt with dramatically reduced flatulence-causing oligosaccharides but enriched soyphytoalexins. J. Agric. Food Chem,2008,56(21):10078-10084.
81. Ferrari C K. Functional foods and physical activities in health promotion of aging people.Maturitas,2007,58(4):327-339.
82. Fournier D B, Erdman J W, Gordon G B. Soy, its components, and cancer prevention: a review ofthe in vitro, animal and human data. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev,1998,7:1055-1065.
83. Garin-Aguilar M E, Luna J E, Soto-Hernandez M.,Valenciadel Toro G, Vazquez M M. Effect ofcrude extracts of Erythrina americana Mill. On aggressive behaviour in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol,2000,69:189-196.
84. Graham T L, Kim J E, Graham M Y. Role of constitutive isoflavone conjugates in the accumulationof glyceollins in soybean infected with Phytophthora megasperma. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact,1990,3:157-166.
85. Graham T L, Graham M Y. Glyceollins elicitors induce major but distinctly different shifts inisoflavonoid metabolism in proximal and distal soybean cell populations. Mol Plant MicrobeInteract,1991,4:60-68.
86. Graham T L. Cellular biochemistry of phenylpropanoid responses of soybean to infection byPhytophthora sojae. In: M.Daniel and R.P. Purkayastha (Eds.) Handbook of PhytoalexinMetabolism and Action, Marcel Dekker, New York,1995,85-116.
87. Graham T L, Graham M Y. Defence potential and competency: redox conditioning effects ofsalicylic acid genistein. In: G. Stacey and N. Keen (Eds.) Plant-Microbe Interactions, APS Press, St.Paul, MN,2000,5:181-219.
88. Griffith A P, Collison M W. Improved methods for the extraction and analysis of isoflavones fromsoy-containing foods and nutritional supplements by reversed-phase high-performance liquidchromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr.2001,A913:397-413.
89. Hasunuma T, Kawashima K, Nakayama H, Murakami T, Kanagawa H, Ishii T, Akiyama K, YasudaK, Terada F, Kushibiki S. Effect of cellooligosaccharide or synbiotic feeding on growthperformance, fecal condition and hormone concentrations in Holstein calves.Animal ScienceJournal,2011, doi:10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00861.x.
90. Hamacher K, Schmid G, Sahm H, Wandrey C H. Structural heterogeneity of cellooligomershomogeneousaccording to high resolution size exclusion chromatography. Journal ofChromatogram A,1985,319:311-318.
91. Hakamatsuka T, Mori K, Ishida S, Ebizuka Y, Sankawa U. Purification of2-hydroxyisoflavanonedehydratase from the cell cultures of Pueraria lobata. Phytochemistry,1998,49:497-505.
92. Harikumar K B, Aggarwal B B. Resveratrol: a multitargeted agent for age-associated chronicdiseases. Cell Cycle,2008,7:1020-1037.
93. Heller W, Forkmann G. Biosynthesis of flavonoids. In: J.B. Harborne (Ed.) The Flavonoids:Advances in Research since1986, Chapman and Hall, London,1994:499-535.
94. Heasman M, Mellentin J. The functional foods revolution-healthy people, healthy profits London:Earth Scan,2001.
95. Hewitt A L, Singletary K W. Soy extract inhibitsmammary adenocarcinoma growth in a syngeneicmouse model. Cancer Lett.2003,192:133-143.
96. Homma T, Fujii M, Mori J, Kawakami T, Kurda K, Taniguchi M. Production of cellobiose byenzymatic hydrolyse:removal of β-glucosidase from cellulase by affinity precipitation usingchitosan.Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1993,41:405-410.
97. Hoffman R. Potent inhibition of breast cancer cell lines by the isoflavonoid kievitone: comparisonwith genistein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.1995,211,600-606.
98. Hu Xiao-ke, Jiang Xiao-lu, Gong Jun,et al., Antibacterial activity of lyase-depolymerized productsof alginate. Journal of Applied Phycology,2005,17:57-60.
99. Humfrey C D N. Phytoestrogens and human health effects: weighing up the current evidence.Natural Toxins.1998,6:51-59.
100. Hulten K, Winkvist A, Lenner P, et al., An incident case-referent study on plasma ent erolact oneand breast cancer risk. Eur J Nutr,2002,41(4):168-176.
101. Hu Y, Cheng Z, Heller L I, Krasnoff S B, Glahn R P, Welch R M. Kaempferol in red and pinto beanseed (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) coats inhibits iron bioavailability using an in vitro digestion/humanCaco-2cell model. J. Agric. Food Chem.2006,54:9254-9261.
102. Ingham J L. Plant disease resistance. Botanical Review.1972,38:343-424.
103. Ingram D, Sanders K, Kolybaba M, et al. Case-cont rol study of phyto-estrogens and breast cancer.Lancet,1997,350(9083):990-994.
104. Jun Yamakoshi, Toru Izumi. Isoflavone aglycone rich extract without soy protein attenualesatherosclerosis development in cholesterol fed rabbits. J of Nutrition2000,130:1887.
105. Jung W, Yu O, Lau S C, O’Keefe D P, Odell J, Fader G. McGonigle B. Identification andexpression of isoflavone synthase, the key enzyme for biosynthesis of isoflavones in legumes.Nature Biotech,2000,18:208-212.
106. Ka Zunao Kondo, Yasuhirosuzuki, Yasuhiko Ikeda, et al. Genistein, an isoflavone included in soy，inhibits thrombotic vessel oeelusion in the mouse femoral artery and in vitro platelet aggregation.European J of Pharmaeology,2002,455(1):53-57.
107. Keen NT. Hydroxyphaseollin production by soybeans resistant and susceptible to Phytophthoramegasperma var. sojae. Physiological Plant Pathology,1971,1:265-275.
108. Keen N T, Lyne R L, Hymowitz T. Phytoalexin production as chemosystematic parameter withinthe genus glycine. Biochemical Systematics and Encology,1986,14:481-486.
109. Kim M H. Flavonoids inhibit VEGF/BFGF induced angiogenesis in vitro by inhibiting thematrix-degrading proteases. J Cell Biochem,2003,89(3):529-538.
110. Klotz D M, Beckman B S, Hill S M, McLachlan J A, Walters M R, Arnold S F. Identification ofenvironmental chemicals with estrogenic activity using a combination of in vitro assays. Environ.Health Perspect.1996,104:84-89.
111. Knight D C, Eden J A. A review of the clinical effects of phytoestrogens.Obstet Gynecol.1996,87:897-904.
112. Kochs G, Grisebach. HInduction and characterization of a NADPH-dependent flavone synthasefrom cell cultures of soybean. Z Naturforsch,1987,42c:343-348.
113. Kochs G, Grisebach H. Phytoalexin synthesis in soybean: purification and reconstitution ofcytochrome P4503,9-dihydroxypterocarpan6a-hydroxylase and separation from cytochrome P450cinnamate4-hydroxylase. Arch Biochem Biophys,1989,273:543–553.
114. Kochs G, Werck-Reichhart D, Grisebach H. Further characterization of cytochrome P450involvedin phytoalexin synthesis in soybean: cytochrome P450cinnamate4-hydroxylase and3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan6a-hydroxylase. Arch Biochem Biophys,1992,293:187-194.
115. Konozy E H E, Bernardes E S, Rosa C, Faca V, Greene L J, Ward R J. Isolation, purification andphysiochemical characterization of a β-galactose-binding lectin from seeds of Erythrina speciosa.Arch. Biochem. Biophys.2003,410:222-229.
116. Kraus G, Spiteller G, Mithfer A, et al., Quantification of glyceollins in non-elicited seedlings ofglycine max by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phytochemistry,1995,40(3):739-743.
117. Kudou S, Fleury Y, Welt D, Magnolato D, Uchida T, Kitamura K. Malonyl isoflavone glycosides insoybean seeds (Glycine max Merrill). Agric. Biol. Chem.1991.,55:2227-2233.
118. Kuo M L, Yang N C. Reversion of v-H-ras-transformed NIH3T3cells by apignenin throughinhibiting mitogen activated protein kinase and its downstream oncogenes. Biochem Biophys ResCommun.1995,212:767-775.
119. Lamartiniere C A, Moore J B, Brown N M,Thompson R, Hardin M J, Barnes S. Genisteinsuppresses mammary cancer in rats. Carcinogenesis,1995,16:2833-2840.
120. Langcake P, Pryce R J. A new class of phytoalexins from grapevines.Cellul Mol Life Sci,1977,33:151-152.
121. Latunde-Dada A O, Cabello-Hurtado F, Czittrich N,Didierjean L, Schopfer C, Hertkorn N,Werck-Reichhart D, Ebel J. Flavonoid6-hydroxylase from soybean (Glycine max L.): a novel plantP450monooxygenase. J Biol Chem,2001,276:1688-1695.
122. Laflamme P, Khouri H, Gulick P, et al. Enzymatic preny-lation of isoflavones in white lupin.Phytochemist ry,1993,34(1):147-151.
123. Lay, Bhuiyan M, Mohammad R M，et al. Induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells by TPA.Ontogeny,1998,17:2915-2920.
124. Lee S A, Shu X, Li H, et al. Adolescent and adult soy food intake and brest cancer risk: resultsfrom the shanghai womens health study[J]. Am J Clin Nutr,2009,89(6):1920-1926.
125. Liu C, Blount J W, Steele C L, Dixon R A. Bottlenecks for metabolic engineering of isoflavoneglycoconjugates in Arabidopsis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,2002.,99:14578–14583.
126. Li X, Baudry J, Berenbaum M R, Schuler M A. Structural and functional divergence of insectCYP6B proteins: From specialist to generalist cytochrome P450. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2004,101:2939–2944.
127. Liu C J, Huhman D, Sumner L W, Dixon R A. Regiospecific hydroxylation of isoflavones bycytochrome P45081E enzymes from Medicago truncatula. Plant J,2003,36:471-484.
128. Li S，Li T，et al.Fractionation and stractural characterization of haw pectin oligosaccharides. EuroFood Res Technol,2011,233:731-734.
129. Lin C Z, Guan H S, Li H H,et al. The influence of molecular mass of sulfated propyleneglycolester of low-molecular-weight alginate on anticoagulant activities. European PolymerJournal,2007,43:3009-3015.
130. Lngham J L, Keen N T, Mulheirn L J, et al. Induciblyformed isoflavonoids from leaves of soybean.Phytochemistry,1981,20(4):795-798.
131. Loake G J, Choudhar y A D, Harrison M J, et al. Phenyl-propanoid pathway intermediates regulat etr ansient expression of a chalcone synthase gene promoter. Plant Cell,1991,3:829-840.
132. Luijten M, Verhoef A, Beems R B, et al. Modulation of mammary tumor development inTg.NK(MMTV/c-neu)mice by dietary fatty acids an life stage-specific exposure to phytoestrogens.Reproductive Toxicology,2007,23(3):407-413.
133. Lykkesfeldt J, Moller B L. Synthesis of benzylglucosinolate in Tropaeolus majus L.:isothiocyanates as potent enzyme inhibitors. Plant Physiol.1993.,102:609-613.
134. Ma H P, Ming L G, Ge B F, et al. Icariin is more potent than genistein in promoting osteoblastdifferentiation and mineralization in vitro. J Cell Biochem,2011,112(3):916-923.
135. Maeda Y, Kimura Y. Antitumor effects of various low-molecular weight chitosans are due toincreasednatural killeractivity of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in sarcoma180-bearingmice. J Nutr,2004,134(4):945-950.
136. Magrath R, Mithen R. Maternal effects on the expression of individual aliphatic glucosinolates inseeds and seedlings of Brassica napus. Plant Breed.1993,111:249-252.
137. Malamy J E, Benfey P N. Down and out in Arabidopsis: the formation of lateral roots. Trends PlantSci,1997b,2:390-396.
138. Makela S I, Pylkkanen L H, Santti R S, Adlercreutz H. Dietary soybean may be anti-estrogenic inmale mice. J Nutr.1994,125:437-445.
139. Mauro M L, De Lorenzo G, Costantino P, Bellincampi D. Oligogalacturonides inhibit the inductionof late but not of early auxin-responsive genes in tobacco. Planta,2002,215:494-501.
140. McInerney E M, Weis K E, Sun J, Mosselmam S, Katzenellenbogen B S. Transcription activationby the human estrogen receptor subtype (ER) studied with ER receptor chimeras. Endocrinology.1998,139:4513-4522.
141. Mconnon A F, letcher P L, Cade J E, et al. Differences in perceptions of functional foods: UKpublic vs. nutritionists. British Nutrition Foundation Nutrit ion Bulletin,2004,29(1):11-18.
142. Mense S M, Hei T K, Ganju R K,et al. Phytoestrogens and breast cancer prevention: possiblemechanisms of action. Environ Health Perspect,2008,116(4):426-433.
143. Messina M J, Persky V, Setvhell K D R,et al.Soy in take and cancer risk: are view of the in vitroand invivodata. Nut-Cancer1994,21:113-115.
144. Miller G L, Dean J, Blum R. A study of methods for preparing oligosaccharides from cellulose.Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics,1960,91:21-26.
145. Miranda C L, Aponso G L M, Stevens J F, et al. Preny-lated chalcones and flavanones as inducersof quinine reductase in mouse Hepa lclc7cells. Cancer Letters,2000,49:21-29.
146. Mosmann T. Rapid colorinetric assay for cellular growth and survial: Application to proliferationand cytotoxicity assays. J lmmunol Methods,1983,65(1-2):55-65．
147. Muzzarelli R A A. Chitin. London: Oxford Pergamon Press,1977:262-270.
148. Murphy P A, Song T, Buseman G, et al. Isoflavones in retail and institutional soy foods. J. Agric.Food Chem.1999,47,2697-2704.
149. Nakamura1S. Bioavailability of cellobiose and other non-digestible and/or non-absorbable sugarsubstitutes and related topics. Nutrition,2005,21:1158-1159.
150. Ngamrojanavanich N, Loontaisong A, Pengpreecha S, Cherdshewasart W, Pornpakakul S, PudhomK, Roengsumran S, Petsom A. Cytotoxic constituents from Butea superb Roxb. J. Ethnopharmacol.2007,109:354-358.
151. Nunez NP, Jelovac D,Macedo L, et al. Effects of the antiestrogen tamoxifen and the aromataseinhibitor letrozole on serumhormones and bone characteristics in a preclinical tumor model forbreast cancer. Clin Cancer Res2004;10:5375-5380.
152. Ogura Y, Ishihara A, Iwamura H. Induction of hydroxycinnamic acid amides and tryptophan byjasmonic acid, abscisic acid and osmotic stress in barley leaves. Z Naturforsch,2001,56:193-202.
153. Ohkawara S, Okuma Y, Uehara T,Yamagishi T, Nomura Y. Astrapterocarpan isolated fromAstragalus membranaceus inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur. J. Pharmacol.2005,525:41-47.
154. Pace-Asciak C R, Hahn S, Diamandis E P,Soleas G, Goldberg D M. The red wine phenolicstrans-resveratrol and quercetin block human platelet aggregation and eicosanoid synthesis：Implications for protection against coronary heart disease. Clinica Chimica Acta，1995,235:207-219.
155. Pace-Asciak C R, Rounova O, Hahn S E, Diamandis E P,Goldberg D M. Wines and grape juices asmodulators of platelet aggregation in healthy human subjects. Clinica ChimicaActa,1996.,246:163-182.
156. Paxton J D. Biosynthesis and accumulation of legume phytoalexins. In: Sharma R P, Salunkhe D K,editors. Mycotoxins and phytoalexins. Boca Raton (FL): C RCPress;1991:485-299.
157. Parkin D M, Dray F, Ferlay J, et al. Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan2000. Int Jcancer,2001,94:153.
158. Paxton J D. Fungal elicitors of phytoalexins and their potential use in agriculture. BiologicallyActive Products,1988,380(28):109-119.
159. Peng Y, Bo Y. Extraction mechanism of total flavonoids from red kidney bean by microwave andlight wave radiation. Adv Mater Res,2012,361-363..
160. Peterson G. Barnes S. Genistein inhibition of the growth of human breast cancer cells:independence from estrogen receptors and the multi-drug resistance gene. Biochem. Biophys. Res.Commun.1991,179:661–667.
161. Phillips D A. Flavonoids: Plant signals to soil microbes. In: H.A. Stafford and R.K. Ibrahim (Eds.)Recent advances in Phytochemistry, Vol26. Phenolic Metabolism in Plants, Plenum Press,NewYork,1992:201-231.
162. Phommalth S, Jeong Y S. Kim Y H, Dhakal K H, Hwang Y H. Effects of light treatment onisoflavone content of germinated soybean seeds. J.Agric.Food Chem.2008,12:10123-10128
163. Pierre R E. Phytoalexin induction in beans resistant or susceptible to Fusarium and Thielaviopsis.Phytopatholgy1971,61:322-327.
164. Pietinen P, Stumpf K, Mannisto S, et al. Serumenterolactone and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in eastern Finland. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev,2001,10(4):339-344.
165. Pollard M, Lucker P H. Influence of isoflavone in soy protein isolated son development to inducedprostate-related cancer in L-W rats. Nutr-Cancer,1997,28(1):41-42.
166. Privatm, Aubel C, Arnould S, et al. Breast cancer cell response to genistein is conditioned byBRCA1mutations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2009,379(3):785-789.
167. Purkayastha R P. Progress in phytoalexin research during the past50years. In Handbook ofPhytoalexin Metabolism and Action; Daniel M, Purkayastha R P, Eds. Dekker:New York,1995:1-39.
168. Qutob D, Hraber P T, Sobral B W S, Gijzen M. Comparative analysis of expressed sequences inPhytophthora sojae.Plant Physiol.2000,123:243–253.
169. Ranilla L G, Genovese M I, Lajolo F M. Polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of seed coat andcotyledon from Brazilian and Peruvian bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Agric. Food Chem.2007,55:90-98.
170. Renaud S, Logeril M D. Wine, alcohol, platelets, and french paradox for coronary heart disease.Lancet,1992,339:1523-1526.
171. Reymond P, Farmer E E. Jasmonate and salicylate as global signals for defense gene expression.Current Opinion in Plant Biology,1998,1(5):404-411.
172. Rivera-Vargas L I, Schmitthenner A F, Graham T L. Soybean flavonoid effects on and metabolismby Phytophthora sojae. Phytochem,1993,32:851-857.
173. Rizk A M, Hammouda F M, Ismail S I, Azzam S A, Wood G. Studies on green beans (Phaseolusvulgaris):1. Phytoalexins of the pods. Qualitas Plantarum Pl Foods Human Nutr1984,34:203-210.
174. Roberfroid M B. A european consensus of scientific concepts of functional food s. Nutrition,2000,16(7):689)-691.
175. Sanchez-Gonzalez M, Rosazza J P. Microbial transformations of chalcones: hydroxylation,O-demethylation, and cyclization to flavanones. J Nat Prod,2004,67:553-558.
176. Sawada Y, Kinoshita K, Akashi T, Aoki T, Ayabe S. Key amino acid residues required for arylmigration catalyzed by the cytochrome P4502-hydroxyisoflavanone synthase. Plant J,2002,31:555-564.
177. Sawada Y, Ayabe S. Multiple mutagenesis of P450isoflavonoid synthase reveals a key active-siteresidue.Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2005,330:907-913.
178. Saiduh K, Ohnah J, Orisadipie A, Olusola A, Wambebe C, Gamaniel K. Antiplasmodial, analgesicand anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Erythrina senegalensis. J.Ethnopharmacol.2000,71:275-280.
179. Salvova, Boue′S M, Fonseca J P, et al. Antiestrogenic glyceollins suppress human breast andovarian carcinoma tumorigenesis. Clinical Cancer Research,2006,12(23):7159-7164.
180. Samejima M, Sugiyama J, Igarashi K, Erikleriksson K. Enzymatic hydrolysis of bacterial cellulose.Carbohydrate Research,1997,305(2):281-288.
181. Santell R C, Kieu N, Helferich W G. Genistein inhibits growth of estrogen-independent humanbreast cancer cells in culture but not in athymic mice. J Nutr,2000,130(7):1665-1669.
182. Sakurai Y, Sakurai N, Taniguchi M, Nakanishi Y, Bastow K F, Wang X, Cragg G M, Lee K H.Rautandiols A and B, pterocarpans and cytotoxic constituents from Neorautanenia mitis.J. Nat.Prod.2006,69:397-399.
183. Sacks F M, Lichtenstein A, Van Horn L, Harris W, Kris-Etherton P, Winston M: Soy protein,isoflavones, and cardiovascular health: an American Heart Association Science Advisory forprofessionals from the Nutrition Committee. Circulation2006,113:1034-1044.
184. Sharp J K, Valent B, Albersheim P. Purification and partial characterization of a β-glucan fragmentthat elicits phytoalexin accumulation in soybean. J Biol Chem,1984,59:11312-11320.
185. Schoenbohm C, Martens S, Eder C, Forkmann G, Weisshaar B. Identification of the Arabidopsisthaliana flavonoid3￠-hydroxylase gene and functional expression of the encoded P450enzyme.Biol Chem,2000,381:749-753.
186. Schopfer C R, Ebel J. Identification of elicitor-induced cytochrome P450s of soybean (Glycinemax L.) using differential display of mRNA. Mol Gen Genet,1998,258:315–322.
187. Setchell K D R, Gosselin S J, Welsh M B, et al., Dietary estrogens: a possible cause of infertilityand liver disease in captive cheetahs. Gastroenterology,1987,93:225-233.
188. Setchell K D R, Adlercreutz H.Mammalian lignans and phytooestrogens: recent studies on theirformation, metabolism and biological role in health and disease. In: The Role of Gut Microflora inToxicity and Cancer (Rowland IA, ed.). Academic Press, New York,1988:315-345.
189. Seo E K, Kim N C, Mi Q, Chai H, Wall M E, Wani M C, Navarro H A, Burgess J P, Graham J G,Cabieses F, Tan G T, Farnsworth N R, Pezzuto J M, Kinghorn A D. Macharistol,a newcytotoxiccinnamylphenol from the stems of Machaerium aristulatum. J. Nat. Prod.2001,64:1483-1485.
190. She X P, Song X G, He J M. Role and relationship of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in light/dark-regulated stomatal movement in Vicia faba. Acta Bot anica Sinica,2004,46(11):1292-1300.
191. Shoemaker R, Keim P, Vodkin L, Retzel E, Clifton S W, Waterson R, Smoller D, Coryell V,Khanna A, Erpelding J, Gai X, Brendel V, Raph-Schmidt C, Shoop E G, Vielweber C J, Schmatz M,Pape D, Bowers Y, Theising B, Martin J, Dante M, Wylie T, Granger C. A compilation of soybeanESTs: generation and analysis. Genome,2002,45:329-338.
192. Smith D A, Van Etten H D, Bateman D F. Kievitone: the principal antifungal component of“substance II” isolated from Rhizoctonia-infected bean tissues. Physiol. Plant Pathol,1973,3:179-186.
193. Smith D A, Van Etten H D, Bateman D F.Accumulation of phytoalexins in Phaseolus vulgarishypocotyls following infection by Rhizoctonia solani. Physiol. Plant Pathol.1975,5:51-64.
194. Song T T,Hendrich S, Murphy P A. Estrogenic activity of glycitein, a soy isoflavone. J.Agric.FoodChem.1999,47:1607-1610.
195. Soto A M, Sonnenschein C, Chung K L, Fernandez M F, Olea N, Serrano F O. The E-screen assayas a tool to identify estrogens: an update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ. HealthPerspect.1995,103:113-117.
196. Soule H D, Vazquez J, Long A, Albert S, Brennan M. A human cell line from a pleural effusionderived from a breast carcinoma. J Nat Cancer Inst.1973,51:1409-1416.
197. Spiro M D, Ridley B L, Eberhard S, Kates K A, Mathieu Y, O’Neill M A, Mohnen D, Guern J,Darvill A, Albersheim P. Biological activity of reducing-end-derivatized oligogalacturonides intobacco tissue cultures. Plant Physiol,1998,116:1289-1298
198. Spiro M D, Bowers J F, Cosgrove D J.A comparison of oligogalacturonide and auxin-inducedextracellular alkalinization and growth responses in roots of intact cucumber seedlings. PlantPhysiol,2002,130:895-903.
199. Steele C L, Gijzen M, Qutob D, Dixon R A. Molecular characterization of the enzyme catalyzingthe aryl migration reaction of isoflavonoid biosynthesis in soybean. Arch. Biochem. Biophys.1999,367:146-150.
200. Strom B L, Schinnar R, Ziegle E E, Barhard K T, Sammel M D, Macones G A, Stallings V A,Drulis J M, Nelson S E,Hanson S A. Exposure to soy-based formula in infancy andendocrinological and reproductive outcomes in young adulthood. J. Am. Med. Assoc.2001,286:807-814.
201. Stygar D, Muravitskaya N, Eriksson B, Eriksson H, Sahlin L. Effects of SERM(selective estrogenreceptor modulator) treatment on growth and proliferation in the rat uterus. Reprod BiolEndocrinol,2003;1:40-47.
202. Stein G S, van Wijnen A J, Stein J L, et al. An architec-tural perspective of cell-cycle control at theG1/Sphase cell-cycle transition. J Cell Physiol,2006,209(3):706-710.
203. Stossel P. Regulation by sulfhydryl groups of glyceollins accumulation in soybean hypocotyls.Planta,1984,160:314-319.
204. Stossel P. Glyceollins production in soybean, Phytopath. Z.,1982,105:109119.
205. Stephen M B,Matthew E B,Thomas E W,Betty Y S,Steven E,Carol H, et al. Estrogenic andAntiestrogenic Activities of Phytoalexins from Red Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Agric.Food Chem,2011,59:112-120.
206. Sugawara S, Hishiyama S, Jikumaru Y, Hanada A, Nishimura T, Koshiba T, Zhao Y, Kamiya Y,Kasahara H. Biochemical analyses of indole-3-acetaldoxime-dependent auxin biosynthesis inArabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2009,106:5430-5435.
207. Swarup R, Friml J, Marchant A, Ljung K, Sandberg G, Palme K, Bennett M. Localization of theauxin permease AUX1suggests two functionally distinct hormone transport pathways operate inthe Arabidopsis root apex. Genes Dev,2001,15:2648-2653.
208. Takaoka M. Phenolic substances of white hellebore（Veratrum grandiflorum Loes. fil.）. II.Synthesis of resveratrol and its derivatives.Proceedings of the Imperial Academy（Tokyo）,Ser.III,1940.,3:1-16.
209. Takenaka T, Muto O, Yasunami K, et al.Antibacterial activity of pectin hydrolyzates. J Soc FoodSci Technol,1994,41:785-792.
210. Tamura S, Bito T, Ichihashi M, et al. Genistein enhances thecisplatin-induced inhibition of cellgrowth and apoptosis in human malignant melanoma cells. Pigment cell Res,2003,16(5):470-476.
211. Tegelberg R, Julkunen-Tiitto T.Quantitative changes in secondary metabolites of dark-leavedwillow (Salix myrsinifolia) exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-βradiation. Physiol Plant,2002,113:541-547.
212. Telikepalli H, Gollapudi S R, Keshavarz Shokri A, Velazquez L, Sandmann R A,Veliz E A, Rao KV J,Madhavi A S, Mitscher L A. Isoflavonoids and a cinnamyl phenol from root extracts ofErythrina variegata. Phytochemistry.1990,29,2005-2007.
213. Thanos J, Cotterchio M, Boucher B A, et al. Adolescent dietary phytoestrogen intake and breastcancer risk (Canada). Cancer Causes Control,2006,17(10):1253-1261.
214. Tominaga Y, Wang A, Wang R H, et al. Genistein inhibits Brca1mutant tumor growth throughactivation of DNA damage checkpoints,cell cycle arrest, and mitotic catastrophe. Cell Death Differ,2007,14(3):472-479.
215. Tsukamoto C, Shimada S, Igita K, Kudou S, Kokubun M, Okubo K, Kitamura K. Factors affectingisoflavone content in soybean seeds: changes in isoflavones, saponins and composition of fattyacids at different temperatures during seed development. J. Agric. Food Chem.1995,43:1184-1192.
216. Umehara K, Nemoto K, Ohkubo T, et al. Isolation of a new15-membered macrocyclic glycolipidlactone, cuscutic resinoside a from the seeds of Cuscuta chinensis: a stimulator of breast cancer cellproliferation. Planta Med,2004,70(4):299-304.
217. Umemoto N, Kakit ani M, Iwamat su A. The structure and funct ion of a soybean beta-glucan-elicitor-binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1997,94(3):1029-1034.
218. Upadhyay S, Neburim, Chinni S R, et al. Differential sensitivity of normal and malignant breastepithelial cells to genistein is partlymediated by p21(WAF1). Clin Cancer Res,2001,7(6):1782-1789.
219. Vorwerk S, Somerville S, Somerville C. The role of plant cell wall polysaccharide composition indisease resistance. Trends Plant Sci,2004,9:203-209.
220. Vanttinen K, Moraveova J. Phytoestrogen in soy foods：determination of daidzein and genistein bycapillary electrophrcsisl. Czech. J. Food. Sci,1999,17(2):61-67.
221. Vera-Estrella R, Higgins V J, Blumwald E. Plant defense response to fungal pathogens II:G-protein mediate changes in host plasma membrane redox reactions. Plant Physiol,1994,106:97-102.
222. Volotovski I D, Sokolovsky S G, Molchan O V, et al. Second messengers mediate increases incytosolic calcium in tobacco protoplasts. Plant Physiol,1998,117:1023-1030.
223. Wahala K，Adlercreutz H. Soybean inside the analysis of the anti-cancer composition. Proc SocExp Biol Med,1998,125:293.
224. Wang H J, Murphy P A. Isoflavone content of commercial soybean foods.J Agric Food Chem.1994,42:1666-1673.
225. W tjen W, Kulawik A, Suckow-schnitker A K, et al. Pterocarpans phaseollin and neorautenolisolated from Erythrina addisoniae induce apoptotic cell death accompanied by inhibition of ERKphosphorylation. Toxicology,2007,242:71-79.
226. Whitten P L, Russell E, Naftolin F. Influence of phytoestrogens diets on estradiol action in the ratuterus. Steroids,1994,59:443-449.
227. Wiese T E, Kral L G, Dennis K E,Butler W B, Brooks S C. Optimization of estrogen growth inMCF-7cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol.1992,28A:595-602.
228. White L R, Petrovitch H, Ross G W, et al. Brain aging and midlife tofuconsumption. J Am CollNutr,2000,19(2):242-255.
229. Wood C E, Clarkson T B, Appt S E, Franke A A, Boue S M, Burow M E, McCoy T, Cline J M.Effects of soybean glyceollins and estradiol in postmenopausal female monkeys.Nutr Cancer2006,56:74-81.
230. Woopcy, Fung A M Y, Lau S K P, et al. Iden tification by16S rRNA Gen e Sequencing of Lactobacillu s salivarius Bacterem ic C holecystitis. J Microbiol,2002,40(1):265-267.
231. Wu A H, Wan P, Hankin J, et al. Adolescent and adult soy intake and risk of breast cancer inAsian-Am ericans. Carcinogenesis,2002,23(9):1491-1496.
232. Wu Q, Wang M, Simon J E. Determination of isoflavones in red clover and related species byhigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet and mass spectrometricdetection. J Chromatogr A,2003,1016(2):195-209.
233. Wu G, Lewis D R, Spalding E R Mutations in Arabidopsis multidrug resistance-like ABCtransporters separate the roles of acropetal and basipetal auxin transport in lateral root development.Plant Cell,2007,19:1826-1837.
234. Yang L, Chen Q, Wang F, et al. Antiosteoporotic compounds from seeds of Cuscuta chinensis. JEthnopharmacol,2011,135(2):553-560.
235. Yap S P, Shen P, Butler M S, et al. New estrogenic prenylflavone from Epimedium brevicornuminhibits the growth of breast cancer cells. Planta Med,2005,71(2):114-119.
236. Yin S W, et al. Functional properties and in vitro trypsin digestibility of red kidney bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L) protein isolate: Effect of high-pressure treatment. Food Chem,2008,110:938-945.
237. Yu O, Jung W, Shi J, Croes R.A, Fader G.M, McGonigle B, Odell J T. Production of theisoflavones genistein and daidzein in non-legume dicot and monocot tissues. Plant Physiol.2000,124:781-793.
238. Yoshihisa Tomoda, Kenji Umemura, Takashi Adachi, etal. Promotion of barley root elongationunder hypoxic conditions by alginate lyase-lysate. Biosci Biotech Biochem,1994,58(1):202-203.
239. Zhao J, Guo Y, Fujita K, Sakai K. Involvement of cAMP signaling pathway in elicitor-inducedphytoalecin accumulation in Cupressus lusitanica cell cultures. New Phytol,2004,161:723-733.
240. Zimmermann M C,Tilghman S L,Boue′S M,Salvo V A, Elliott S, Williams K Y, Skripnikova E V,Ashe H, Payton-Stewart F, Vanhoy-Rhodes L, Fonseca J P, Corbitt C, Collins-Burow B M,HowellM H, Lacey M, Shih B Y, Carter-Wientjes C, Cleveland T E, McLachlan J A,Wiese T E, BeckmanB S, Burow M E.Glyceollins I, a novel antiestrogenic phytoalexin isolated from activated soy. J.Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.2009,332,35-45.
241. Zhou J, Gugger E T, Tanaka T, et al.Soybean phytochemicals inhibit the growth of transplantablehuman prostate carcinoma and tumor angiogenesis in mice. J Nutr,1999,129(9):1628-1635.
242. Zhou Y, Lee A S. Mechanism for the suppression of the mammalian stress response by genistein,an anticancer phytoestrogen from soy. Natl Cancer Inst,1998,90(5):381-388.
243. Zhu D.,Hettlarachchy N S, Horax R,Chen, P. Isoflavone contents in germinated soybean seeds.Plant Food Hum. Nutr.2005,60,147-151.