1、三核二甲川菁染料的合成、性质及其与DNA相互作用的研究 2、新型电子钎焊免清洗型助焊剂的研究
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摘要
本论文分为两部分,涉及到(i)三核二甲川菁染料的合成、性质及其与DNA相互作用的研究;(ii)新型电子钎焊免清洗型助焊剂的研究。
第一部分三核二甲川菁染料的合成、性质及其与DNA相互作用的研究
三核二甲川菁染料具有波长范围可调、荧光性能良好、对DNA亲和性强等优点,近些年来在生物化学领域得到了较好的应用。本论文设计、合成一系列三核二甲川菁染料,研究其光谱性能,探讨其作为DNA荧光探针染料的可能性。主要研究内容有以下三个方面：
1.介绍了荧光染料的分类、结构特点及应用范围。介绍了三核二甲川菁染料的结构特点、性质特征以及近些年来三核二甲川菁染料的合成、应用进展。
2.合成了六种三核二甲川菁染料,其中四种为新化合物,利用1H NMR、13C NMR、IR、MS、UV-Vis、元素分析等手段确定了它们的结构。培养了染料3f的单晶,用X-射线单晶衍射技术表征了其分子结构,解析了其晶体堆积方式。根据反应条件讨论了芳杂醛的反应活性,结果为：呋喃甲醛>N-甲基-2-吡咯甲醛>β-吲哚甲醛。研究了染料在不同溶剂中的紫外-可见吸收和荧光光谱性质,结果发现：染料在甲醇中的最大吸收波长位于397-473nm,表现出较高的摩尔消光系数(4.2×104-6.2×104L mol-1 cm-1),其荧光发射波长位于508-559nm之间,具有85-120nm的斯托克位移值,荧光量子产率为0.0027-0.0538；六种染料的最大吸收波长随着溶剂极性的增大均发生蓝移,染料荧光强度随极性增大而减小
3.利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究了染料与DNA在生理条件下的相互作用,结果发现：染料3a,3b,3c和3d对DNA均具有较好的亲和性,尤其是染料3b和3d,染料3b与DNA结合后,荧光强度大增,荧光量子产率增大了31.6倍,染料3d在缓冲溶液中几乎没有荧光,但当与DNA结合后发出了较强的荧光,量子产率为0.0187。这两种染料可以作为潜在的DNA荧光探针染料。
第二部分新型电子钎焊免清洗型助焊剂的研究
助焊剂是一类促进焊接过程顺利进行的物质。随着无铅焊料的应用,开发适用于无铅焊料的免清洗型助焊剂成为电子行业需要解决的重要问题。本论文介绍了助焊剂的组成、分类以及发展趋势。主要研究内容有以下两个方面：
1.研究了各种助焊剂成分对扩展率的影响,用正交试验方法优化了最重要的影响因素。结果表明,活化剂中丙二酸对助焊剂扩展率影响最小,丁二酸最大。在高沸点溶剂中,N-甲基吡咯烷酮对扩展率影响最小,三乙醇胺最大
2.研制了一种适合99.3Sn-0.7Cu焊料的免清洗型助焊剂配方,使用本文研制的助焊剂在印刷电路版上进行焊接,焊接效果良好,焊点饱满,没有出现虚焊、漏焊、锡珠等不良情况。
This paper contains two parts:(ⅰ) Synthesis, properties of trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes and their interaction with DNA;(ⅱ) Study on a novel no-clean electronic soldering flux.
Partⅰ:Synthesis, properties of trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes and their interaction with DNA
Trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes have advantages of adjustable wavelength range. favorable fluorescence performance and good affinity for DNA. In this paper the trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes were synthesized and their spectra properties were studied. The possibility of the dyes as the potential fluorescence probe is discussed.
1. In this paper, the classification, structure features and application of flurencent dyes were presented. The structures and properties of trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes were summarized. And the preparation and application progress of trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes in recent years were also introduced.
2. In this paper, six trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes, four of which were novel, were synthesized. The products were identified by 1H NMR,13C NMR, IR, MS, UV-Vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The crystal structures and packing modes of 3f were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, which revealed molecular conformation, intra- and intermolecular interactions in solid state of the dyes. According to the irradiation time, the reaction activity for heterocyclic aromatic aldehydes was discussed. It could be found that the sequence of the reaction acitivity of heterocyclic aromatic aldehydes was:furaldehyde> 1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde> indole-3-carboxaldehyde. The dyes absorbed in the region 397-473 nm and had molar extinction coefficients of 4.2×104-6.2×104L mol-1 cm-1 in methanol. Their fluorescence maxima, fluorescence quantum yields and Stokes shifts were located in the range of 508-559 nm,0.0027-0.0538 and 85-120 nm in methanol, respectively. Theλmax shows blue-shifted with the increase of the solvent dielectric constant, and the fluorescence quantum yields were decreased with the increase of solvent dielectric constant.
3. The absorption and fluorescence properties of prepared trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes in the DNA presence were investigated, which showed that 3b and 3d had good affinity for DNA. Significant enhancement of the fluorescence intensity was observed for dyes 3b,3d. The quantum yields of DNA-dyes 3b increased by 31.6 times compared with quantum yield of free dyes. Free dye 3d could not be detected significantly fluorescence in buffer. but DNA-dye 3d showed strong fluorescence performance and its fluorescence quantum yield is 0.0187. Therefore, dyes 3b and 3d are potential DNA fluorescent probe.
Part ii:Study on a novel no-clean electronic soldering flux
Soldering flux is used to remove the oxidation from the metal and facilitate the solder and metal to be joined. With the wide use of lead free solders, it becomes more important to develop a no-clean flux for lead free solders. The paper presents the classification, composition and trend of solder flux.
1. The essential ingredient of flux was studied by measuring the spreading property of 99.3Sn-0.7Cu alloy on copper substrate. The components of the flux were optimized by using the analytical method of variance in the orthogonal design. The results showed that succinic acid was the best activator while the malonic acid was the worst. It was found that triethanolamine has the greatest influence on expansion rate among high boiling point solvents while N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone has the smallest.
2. The new no-clean flux in this paper could meet the requirement of 99.3Sn-0.7Cu solder, which was the most common electronic solder. The performance of the new flux on printed circuit board was satisfied. The solder joints were good and had no defects such as false welding, lack of weld and tin ball.
第一部分三核二甲川菁染料的合成、性质及其与DNA相互作用的研究
三核二甲川菁染料具有波长范围可调、荧光性能良好、对DNA亲和性强等优点,近些年来在生物化学领域得到了较好的应用。本论文设计、合成一系列三核二甲川菁染料,研究其光谱性能,探讨其作为DNA荧光探针染料的可能性。主要研究内容有以下三个方面：
1.介绍了荧光染料的分类、结构特点及应用范围。介绍了三核二甲川菁染料的结构特点、性质特征以及近些年来三核二甲川菁染料的合成、应用进展。
2.合成了六种三核二甲川菁染料,其中四种为新化合物,利用1H NMR、13C NMR、IR、MS、UV-Vis、元素分析等手段确定了它们的结构。培养了染料3f的单晶,用X-射线单晶衍射技术表征了其分子结构,解析了其晶体堆积方式。根据反应条件讨论了芳杂醛的反应活性,结果为：呋喃甲醛>N-甲基-2-吡咯甲醛>β-吲哚甲醛。研究了染料在不同溶剂中的紫外-可见吸收和荧光光谱性质,结果发现：染料在甲醇中的最大吸收波长位于397-473nm,表现出较高的摩尔消光系数(4.2×104-6.2×104L mol-1 cm-1),其荧光发射波长位于508-559nm之间,具有85-120nm的斯托克位移值,荧光量子产率为0.0027-0.0538；六种染料的最大吸收波长随着溶剂极性的增大均发生蓝移,染料荧光强度随极性增大而减小
3.利用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱研究了染料与DNA在生理条件下的相互作用,结果发现：染料3a,3b,3c和3d对DNA均具有较好的亲和性,尤其是染料3b和3d,染料3b与DNA结合后,荧光强度大增,荧光量子产率增大了31.6倍,染料3d在缓冲溶液中几乎没有荧光,但当与DNA结合后发出了较强的荧光,量子产率为0.0187。这两种染料可以作为潜在的DNA荧光探针染料。
第二部分新型电子钎焊免清洗型助焊剂的研究
助焊剂是一类促进焊接过程顺利进行的物质。随着无铅焊料的应用,开发适用于无铅焊料的免清洗型助焊剂成为电子行业需要解决的重要问题。本论文介绍了助焊剂的组成、分类以及发展趋势。主要研究内容有以下两个方面：
1.研究了各种助焊剂成分对扩展率的影响,用正交试验方法优化了最重要的影响因素。结果表明,活化剂中丙二酸对助焊剂扩展率影响最小,丁二酸最大。在高沸点溶剂中,N-甲基吡咯烷酮对扩展率影响最小,三乙醇胺最大
2.研制了一种适合99.3Sn-0.7Cu焊料的免清洗型助焊剂配方,使用本文研制的助焊剂在印刷电路版上进行焊接,焊接效果良好,焊点饱满,没有出现虚焊、漏焊、锡珠等不良情况。
This paper contains two parts:(ⅰ) Synthesis, properties of trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes and their interaction with DNA;(ⅱ) Study on a novel no-clean electronic soldering flux.
Partⅰ:Synthesis, properties of trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes and their interaction with DNA
Trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes have advantages of adjustable wavelength range. favorable fluorescence performance and good affinity for DNA. In this paper the trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes were synthesized and their spectra properties were studied. The possibility of the dyes as the potential fluorescence probe is discussed.
1. In this paper, the classification, structure features and application of flurencent dyes were presented. The structures and properties of trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes were summarized. And the preparation and application progress of trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes in recent years were also introduced.
2. In this paper, six trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes, four of which were novel, were synthesized. The products were identified by 1H NMR,13C NMR, IR, MS, UV-Vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The crystal structures and packing modes of 3f were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, which revealed molecular conformation, intra- and intermolecular interactions in solid state of the dyes. According to the irradiation time, the reaction activity for heterocyclic aromatic aldehydes was discussed. It could be found that the sequence of the reaction acitivity of heterocyclic aromatic aldehydes was:furaldehyde> 1-methylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde> indole-3-carboxaldehyde. The dyes absorbed in the region 397-473 nm and had molar extinction coefficients of 4.2×104-6.2×104L mol-1 cm-1 in methanol. Their fluorescence maxima, fluorescence quantum yields and Stokes shifts were located in the range of 508-559 nm,0.0027-0.0538 and 85-120 nm in methanol, respectively. Theλmax shows blue-shifted with the increase of the solvent dielectric constant, and the fluorescence quantum yields were decreased with the increase of solvent dielectric constant.
3. The absorption and fluorescence properties of prepared trinucleus dimethine cyanine dyes in the DNA presence were investigated, which showed that 3b and 3d had good affinity for DNA. Significant enhancement of the fluorescence intensity was observed for dyes 3b,3d. The quantum yields of DNA-dyes 3b increased by 31.6 times compared with quantum yield of free dyes. Free dye 3d could not be detected significantly fluorescence in buffer. but DNA-dye 3d showed strong fluorescence performance and its fluorescence quantum yield is 0.0187. Therefore, dyes 3b and 3d are potential DNA fluorescent probe.
Part ii:Study on a novel no-clean electronic soldering flux
Soldering flux is used to remove the oxidation from the metal and facilitate the solder and metal to be joined. With the wide use of lead free solders, it becomes more important to develop a no-clean flux for lead free solders. The paper presents the classification, composition and trend of solder flux.
1. The essential ingredient of flux was studied by measuring the spreading property of 99.3Sn-0.7Cu alloy on copper substrate. The components of the flux were optimized by using the analytical method of variance in the orthogonal design. The results showed that succinic acid was the best activator while the malonic acid was the worst. It was found that triethanolamine has the greatest influence on expansion rate among high boiling point solvents while N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone has the smallest.
2. The new no-clean flux in this paper could meet the requirement of 99.3Sn-0.7Cu solder, which was the most common electronic solder. The performance of the new flux on printed circuit board was satisfied. The solder joints were good and had no defects such as false welding, lack of weld and tin ball.
引文
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