一种应用于电力杆塔的驱鸟器设计与实现
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摘要
针对电力系统输变电线路鸟害问题,本课题设计了一种应用于电力杆塔的新型驱鸟器,用于替代老式的驱鸟设施,从而大幅度提高了电力杆塔的驱鸟效果,进而解决了困扰电力输变电公司的鸟害问题。
本设计采用高性能的单片机ATmega8作为核心控制单元,实现了系统的软硬件设计。其中采用了先进的光伏控制技术、GPRS移动通信技术、高性能的T类数字功放技术、实用的语音编码处理技术,实现了监控中心与驱鸟器的双向传输,从而实现了灵活、智能的驱鸟。由于输变电线路的特殊性,使电力杆塔上驱鸟设备的供电成为一个难题,本课题采用太阳能光伏技术和电源控制技术很好的解决了这一技术难题,从而实现了驱鸟器的24小时持续供电。基于T类功放技术设计的高信噪比、低功耗、高音质数字功放,结合拥有较大的语音存储量和有效的语音处理方式的BMP5008语音存储板,实现了声音的高保真放大输出。依据不同地域鸟类的不同,本课题精心选取了十几种鸟类天敌的声音并将其固化在语音处理系统中,使驱鸟效果更加明显。这些特性为电力驱鸟器更广泛的应用打下坚实的基础。
本系统经大量的模拟和实地测试,驱鸟效果较好,可以成功应用于电力系统,同时该驱鸟器可以利用软件进行定期更新和升级。由于不必要更换硬件设备,为各大电力公司节约了大量的财力,物力和人力。驱鸟器的定期升级又给电力系统中鸟害的防范提供了更加可靠的保障。该驱鸟器功能的完备性、技术的先进性、本身的创新性、较低的价格和电力系统广阔的需求与市场,决定了该项研究具有广阔的应用前景及广泛的社会效益和经济效益。
Aiming at the problem of bird damage in electric power system, the subject designs a new kind of bird driving device applied to power towers, which is used to replace the obsolete driving birds facilities, greatly improves the power towers' driving birds effect, accordingly solves the problem of bird damage which puzzles the power transporting company.
The design uses the high-powered MCU ATmega8 as the central control unit, realizes the design of software and hardware system. Using the advanced photovoltaic control technology, GPRS mobile communication technology, high-powered T class digital amplifier and the useful voice encoding processing technology, realizes two-way transmission between the devices of driving birds and supervising and controlling center, consequently achieves flexible and intelligent bird driving. The particularity of the power transportation line makes the power supplement of the device of driving birds on the tower a problem. This technical problem was solved by using solar energy photovoltaic technology and power controlling technology, which provides 24 hours nonstop power supplement for the device of driving birds. The high signal-noise-ratio, low consumption and high tone quality digital amplify which is based on the T class amplify technology, with the voice IC BMP5008 which has large voice storage and effective processing method realizes audio high-fidelity amplified output. According as the different kinds of birds from different regions, the project carefully selects more than ten effective sounds of birds' natural enemies and fix them in the voice processing system and the effect is enhanced obviously. These characteristics are the base of vast application of electric power system driving birds.
The system has been testified through a lot of simulated and field testings, gets a better effect of driving birds and can be successfully applied to electric power system. Meanwhile the software of the device can be updating and upgrading. Because of no need to change hardware devices, the system can help the companies save labor, material and financial resources. The regular updating of the driving birds system provides a more reliable guarantee of the prevention from bird damage in electric power system. Comprehensive functions, advanced technology, innovation, lower price and the demand in the electric power system all provide the device of driving birds wide application prospect and extensive social benefit and economic benefit.
本设计采用高性能的单片机ATmega8作为核心控制单元,实现了系统的软硬件设计。其中采用了先进的光伏控制技术、GPRS移动通信技术、高性能的T类数字功放技术、实用的语音编码处理技术,实现了监控中心与驱鸟器的双向传输,从而实现了灵活、智能的驱鸟。由于输变电线路的特殊性,使电力杆塔上驱鸟设备的供电成为一个难题,本课题采用太阳能光伏技术和电源控制技术很好的解决了这一技术难题,从而实现了驱鸟器的24小时持续供电。基于T类功放技术设计的高信噪比、低功耗、高音质数字功放,结合拥有较大的语音存储量和有效的语音处理方式的BMP5008语音存储板,实现了声音的高保真放大输出。依据不同地域鸟类的不同,本课题精心选取了十几种鸟类天敌的声音并将其固化在语音处理系统中,使驱鸟效果更加明显。这些特性为电力驱鸟器更广泛的应用打下坚实的基础。
本系统经大量的模拟和实地测试,驱鸟效果较好,可以成功应用于电力系统,同时该驱鸟器可以利用软件进行定期更新和升级。由于不必要更换硬件设备,为各大电力公司节约了大量的财力,物力和人力。驱鸟器的定期升级又给电力系统中鸟害的防范提供了更加可靠的保障。该驱鸟器功能的完备性、技术的先进性、本身的创新性、较低的价格和电力系统广阔的需求与市场,决定了该项研究具有广阔的应用前景及广泛的社会效益和经济效益。
Aiming at the problem of bird damage in electric power system, the subject designs a new kind of bird driving device applied to power towers, which is used to replace the obsolete driving birds facilities, greatly improves the power towers' driving birds effect, accordingly solves the problem of bird damage which puzzles the power transporting company.
The design uses the high-powered MCU ATmega8 as the central control unit, realizes the design of software and hardware system. Using the advanced photovoltaic control technology, GPRS mobile communication technology, high-powered T class digital amplifier and the useful voice encoding processing technology, realizes two-way transmission between the devices of driving birds and supervising and controlling center, consequently achieves flexible and intelligent bird driving. The particularity of the power transportation line makes the power supplement of the device of driving birds on the tower a problem. This technical problem was solved by using solar energy photovoltaic technology and power controlling technology, which provides 24 hours nonstop power supplement for the device of driving birds. The high signal-noise-ratio, low consumption and high tone quality digital amplify which is based on the T class amplify technology, with the voice IC BMP5008 which has large voice storage and effective processing method realizes audio high-fidelity amplified output. According as the different kinds of birds from different regions, the project carefully selects more than ten effective sounds of birds' natural enemies and fix them in the voice processing system and the effect is enhanced obviously. These characteristics are the base of vast application of electric power system driving birds.
The system has been testified through a lot of simulated and field testings, gets a better effect of driving birds and can be successfully applied to electric power system. Meanwhile the software of the device can be updating and upgrading. Because of no need to change hardware devices, the system can help the companies save labor, material and financial resources. The regular updating of the driving birds system provides a more reliable guarantee of the prevention from bird damage in electric power system. Comprehensive functions, advanced technology, innovation, lower price and the demand in the electric power system all provide the device of driving birds wide application prospect and extensive social benefit and economic benefit.
引文
[1]邢军 送电线路鸟害事故分析和预防措施.江苏省第二届青年科技论坛论文,2005.1.
[2]国家电网公司生产部.220kV及以上架空输电线路涉鸟故障分析及对策研究,2006,11,29.
[3]唐永胜,唐永明,张勇.220V输电线路鸟害跳闸原因分析及整改措施.黑龙江电力,2002,3(24).
[4]刘洪正,韩立忠.防止输电线路鸟害事故的研究.山东电力高等专科学校学报,2003,3(6).
[5]韩国平.高压输电线路鸟害故障特征及防止对策.山西电力,2005(127).
[6]陈升,李武杭.输电线路防鸟害技术措施的应用.浙江电力,2003,2.
[7]马潮,詹卫前,耿德根.ATmega8原理及应用手册.清华大学出版社,2002.
[8]ATmega8 datasheet.http / / www.atmel.com.
[9]Richard Barnett,Larry O'Cull,Sarah Cox.嵌入式C编程与Atmel AVR[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[10]8-bit AVR Microcontroller with 4K/8K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash AT90S4414/8515.www.atmel.com.
[11]AVR Instruction set.www.atmel.com.
[12]金春林,邱慧芳,张皆喜.AVR系列单片机C语言编程与应用实例.清华大学出版社,2003.
[13]AtmelCorporation.ATmegal28Datasheet[EB/OL].http://www.atmel.com,2001 11.
[14]耿德根,宋建国,马潮,叶勇建.AVR高速嵌入式单片机原理与应用(修订版).北京航空航天大学出版社,2002,10.
[15]http://www.ouravi.com
[16]万勍.以太阳能为热源的冷热电联合循环研究综述.能源与环境,2006,5.
[17]武文俊.半菁类染料敏化太阳能的光电化学性能研究.化学通报,2007,5.
[18]Aylor James H,Alfred Thieme,Johnson Barry W.A battery state-of-charge indicator for electric wheelchairs[J].IEEE Tranaction on Industrial Electronics,1995,39(5).
[19]董密.光伏并网发电系统中逆变器的设计与控制方法.电力系统自动化,2006(20).
[20]F.Mattera,D.Benchetrite.Irreversible sulphation photovoltaic batteries.[J].Journal of Power Sources,2003(116):248-256.
[21]Kanchan R S,Baiju M R,Mohpaatra K K.Spac Vector PWM Signal Generation for Multilevel Inverters Using Only the Sampled Amplitudes of Referenc Phase Voltages.IEEE Proc.Electr.Power.2005,152(2):297-309.
[22]秦小飞.高能固体蓄电池.机床与液压,2007,3.
[23]王菊芬,杨海平,李宣富,易良廷.光伏系统中蓄电池过充放电控制系统的设计.电池工业,2003(6)6.
[24]周佳娜.铅酸蓄电池充放电原理及其现场应用.电力建设,2003(24)3.
[25]M.Femandez,A.J.Ruddell.Developmen to faVRLA battery with improved separators,and acharge controller,for low cost photovoltaic and windpowered installations[J].Journal of Power Sources.2001(95):135-140
[26]J.Garche,A.Jossen.The influence of different operating conditions,especially overdischarge,on the lifetime and performance of lead/acid batteries for photovoltaics ystems[J].Journal of Power Sources.1997(67):201-212.
[27]Dirk Uwe Sauer,Jurgen Garche.Optimum battery design fo rapplications in photovoltaic systems-the oretical considerations[J].Journal of Power Sources.2001(95):130-134.
[28]孙瑜铁.铁岭地区220kV线路鸟害分析及防范措施.电力安全技术,2004(6)4.
[29]GPRS and the Mobile Data Revolution Peter Lisle British telecommunications engineering 1999,18(3):107-112.
[30]R.Kalden,I.Meirick,M.Meyer,"Wireless Internet Access Based on GPRS",IEEE Personal Communications.2000(7):8-18.
[31]苏金泷.GPRS技术构成利发展.福建电脑,2005(12).
[32]Lin Chin E,Li Chih2Ching.A real time GPRS surveillance system using the embedded system[J].Joumal of Aerospace Computing,Information and Communication.2004(1):44-59.
[33]赵雄,余臻,王威.基于GPRS网络的远程通信.工业控制计算机,2006(29)12.
[34]厉荣卫.GPRS技术与嵌入式系统应用.江苏技术师范学院学报,2003(9)4.
[35]Wang Yanfang,"GPRS based power measuring system",Northwest China Electric Power,No.1,2004(61):17-18.
[36]摩托罗拉工程学院,文志成.GPRS网络技术.电子工业出版社,2005,6.
[37]夏晓玲,催永红,沈明.GPRS技术在配电网通信中的应用.PROCESS AUTOMATION INSTRUMENTATION,2007(28).
[38]C.B.Lin,C.C.Li,"A Real Time GPRS Surveillance System using the Embedded System",AIAA Joural of Aerospace Computing,Information and Communication.2004(1):44-59.
[39]余芳.微控制器Mega128在GPRS无线数据终端上的应用.MODERN COMPUTER,2006,9.
[40]http://www.ebdtech.com/EP220P.htm.
[41]Ken C.Pohlmann.Principles of Digital Audio.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[42]肖建辉.纯数字音频功放的时钟控制和功率驱动模块的设计与验证.电子科技大学,2007,5.
[43]Tripath.CLASST and Digital Amplifiers.Tripath Technogy,Inc.2005,1 -3
[44]J ason Cookson, Janelle Tonti. Class D Audio Power Amplifier[J].The University of Maine.2002,05.
[45] Phillip E.Allen .CMOS Analog Circuit Design (Second Edition). Oxford University Press.
[46] Maghari, N. Shoaei, O. A dynamic start-up circuit for low-voltage CMOS current mirrors with power-down support. Circuits and Systems, 2005. ISCAS 2005. IEEE International Symposium on 23-26 2005(5): 4265-4268
[47] Texas Instruments.MAX3232 3V to 5.5V Multichannel RS232 line Driver/ Receiver .SLLS4104.2004,1.
[48] http://www.national.com LM 1117 800mA Low-Dropout Linear Regulator. [49] http://www.moxa.com.cn/product/Accessories/SerialPoinouts.htm.
[50] http://www.BL1996.com.
[2]国家电网公司生产部.220kV及以上架空输电线路涉鸟故障分析及对策研究,2006,11,29.
[3]唐永胜,唐永明,张勇.220V输电线路鸟害跳闸原因分析及整改措施.黑龙江电力,2002,3(24).
[4]刘洪正,韩立忠.防止输电线路鸟害事故的研究.山东电力高等专科学校学报,2003,3(6).
[5]韩国平.高压输电线路鸟害故障特征及防止对策.山西电力,2005(127).
[6]陈升,李武杭.输电线路防鸟害技术措施的应用.浙江电力,2003,2.
[7]马潮,詹卫前,耿德根.ATmega8原理及应用手册.清华大学出版社,2002.
[8]ATmega8 datasheet.http / / www.atmel.com.
[9]Richard Barnett,Larry O'Cull,Sarah Cox.嵌入式C编程与Atmel AVR[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[10]8-bit AVR Microcontroller with 4K/8K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash AT90S4414/8515.www.atmel.com.
[11]AVR Instruction set.www.atmel.com.
[12]金春林,邱慧芳,张皆喜.AVR系列单片机C语言编程与应用实例.清华大学出版社,2003.
[13]AtmelCorporation.ATmegal28Datasheet[EB/OL].http://www.atmel.com,2001 11.
[14]耿德根,宋建国,马潮,叶勇建.AVR高速嵌入式单片机原理与应用(修订版).北京航空航天大学出版社,2002,10.
[15]http://www.ouravi.com
[16]万勍.以太阳能为热源的冷热电联合循环研究综述.能源与环境,2006,5.
[17]武文俊.半菁类染料敏化太阳能的光电化学性能研究.化学通报,2007,5.
[18]Aylor James H,Alfred Thieme,Johnson Barry W.A battery state-of-charge indicator for electric wheelchairs[J].IEEE Tranaction on Industrial Electronics,1995,39(5).
[19]董密.光伏并网发电系统中逆变器的设计与控制方法.电力系统自动化,2006(20).
[20]F.Mattera,D.Benchetrite.Irreversible sulphation photovoltaic batteries.[J].Journal of Power Sources,2003(116):248-256.
[21]Kanchan R S,Baiju M R,Mohpaatra K K.Spac Vector PWM Signal Generation for Multilevel Inverters Using Only the Sampled Amplitudes of Referenc Phase Voltages.IEEE Proc.Electr.Power.2005,152(2):297-309.
[22]秦小飞.高能固体蓄电池.机床与液压,2007,3.
[23]王菊芬,杨海平,李宣富,易良廷.光伏系统中蓄电池过充放电控制系统的设计.电池工业,2003(6)6.
[24]周佳娜.铅酸蓄电池充放电原理及其现场应用.电力建设,2003(24)3.
[25]M.Femandez,A.J.Ruddell.Developmen to faVRLA battery with improved separators,and acharge controller,for low cost photovoltaic and windpowered installations[J].Journal of Power Sources.2001(95):135-140
[26]J.Garche,A.Jossen.The influence of different operating conditions,especially overdischarge,on the lifetime and performance of lead/acid batteries for photovoltaics ystems[J].Journal of Power Sources.1997(67):201-212.
[27]Dirk Uwe Sauer,Jurgen Garche.Optimum battery design fo rapplications in photovoltaic systems-the oretical considerations[J].Journal of Power Sources.2001(95):130-134.
[28]孙瑜铁.铁岭地区220kV线路鸟害分析及防范措施.电力安全技术,2004(6)4.
[29]GPRS and the Mobile Data Revolution Peter Lisle British telecommunications engineering 1999,18(3):107-112.
[30]R.Kalden,I.Meirick,M.Meyer,"Wireless Internet Access Based on GPRS",IEEE Personal Communications.2000(7):8-18.
[31]苏金泷.GPRS技术构成利发展.福建电脑,2005(12).
[32]Lin Chin E,Li Chih2Ching.A real time GPRS surveillance system using the embedded system[J].Joumal of Aerospace Computing,Information and Communication.2004(1):44-59.
[33]赵雄,余臻,王威.基于GPRS网络的远程通信.工业控制计算机,2006(29)12.
[34]厉荣卫.GPRS技术与嵌入式系统应用.江苏技术师范学院学报,2003(9)4.
[35]Wang Yanfang,"GPRS based power measuring system",Northwest China Electric Power,No.1,2004(61):17-18.
[36]摩托罗拉工程学院,文志成.GPRS网络技术.电子工业出版社,2005,6.
[37]夏晓玲,催永红,沈明.GPRS技术在配电网通信中的应用.PROCESS AUTOMATION INSTRUMENTATION,2007(28).
[38]C.B.Lin,C.C.Li,"A Real Time GPRS Surveillance System using the Embedded System",AIAA Joural of Aerospace Computing,Information and Communication.2004(1):44-59.
[39]余芳.微控制器Mega128在GPRS无线数据终端上的应用.MODERN COMPUTER,2006,9.
[40]http://www.ebdtech.com/EP220P.htm.
[41]Ken C.Pohlmann.Principles of Digital Audio.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.
[42]肖建辉.纯数字音频功放的时钟控制和功率驱动模块的设计与验证.电子科技大学,2007,5.
[43]Tripath.CLASST and Digital Amplifiers.Tripath Technogy,Inc.2005,1 -3
[44]J ason Cookson, Janelle Tonti. Class D Audio Power Amplifier[J].The University of Maine.2002,05.
[45] Phillip E.Allen .CMOS Analog Circuit Design (Second Edition). Oxford University Press.
[46] Maghari, N. Shoaei, O. A dynamic start-up circuit for low-voltage CMOS current mirrors with power-down support. Circuits and Systems, 2005. ISCAS 2005. IEEE International Symposium on 23-26 2005(5): 4265-4268
[47] Texas Instruments.MAX3232 3V to 5.5V Multichannel RS232 line Driver/ Receiver .SLLS4104.2004,1.
[48] http://www.national.com LM 1117 800mA Low-Dropout Linear Regulator. [49] http://www.moxa.com.cn/product/Accessories/SerialPoinouts.htm.
[50] http://www.BL1996.com.