发光光弹性涂层方法研究
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摘要
发光光弹性涂层(Luminescent photoelastic coating, LPC)方法是近年来基于分子发光原理和传统的光弹性理论相结合,新提出的一种能够用于测量二维以及三维构件表面全场面内应变／应力分布的实验测试技术。该方法克服了传统光弹性贴片法应用过程中所存在的费时(需要预先制作贴片)、基底加强效应、复杂的后期数据处理(需要多条纹计数和位相去包裹)等诸多问题。目前,国内其他的科研院所在这方面的研究鲜见报道,我校也尚处于研究的起步阶段。本文针对LPC方法实际应用中已有的两种涂层结构(由只含有荧光染料的发光底层和光弹性外层组成的双涂层结构；光弹性涂层内既含有发光染料又含有吸收染料的单涂层结构)信号强度小、信噪比低的局限性,首次提出了在LPC方法中,采用只含有发光染料的新的单涂层结构,通过增大涂层发射信号强度的方法,提高信噪比。并以环氧树脂为光弹性材料,邻苯二甲酸二丁脂为增塑剂,二乙烯三胺为固化剂,罗丹明B为荧光染料制作的新的单涂层结构开展了如下方面的主要工作：
新单涂层结构的理论分析及强度提高实验验证：根据光弹性理论以及光致发光原理,推导了平面应力状态下新单涂层结构的强度公式。通过制作新、旧两种不同结构LPC,以465nm为激发波长,在Cary Eclipse型荧光分光光度计上对这两种涂层的荧光光谱进行测试。实验结果验证了新涂层结构在提高测量信号强度方面的有效性。另外,通过制作具有相同厚度、但发光染料配比不同的新单涂层结构LPC,荧光光谱的测量结果表明：测量信号的强度提高还与涂层中发光染料配比的合理确定(考虑浓度效应)、荧光信号发射波长的选择有直接关系。
基于建立厚度——强度标准曲线测量LPC厚度的理论研究及实验验证：为了修正采用喷涂或刷涂方法制作涂层时,构件表面LPC厚度分布的不均匀性对应变测量结果的影响,首次提出基于建立厚度与强度标准曲线的LPC厚度测量方法。具体步骤：(1)制作一系列具有相同厚度,但染料配比不同的LPC,并以465nm为激发波长,在Cary Eclipse型荧光分光光度计上进行荧光光谱测试,确定LPC荧光信号强度I与其厚度h之间满足近似线性关系时的染料最大配比;(2)在实验确定的染料最大配比前提下,制作一系列具有相同染料配比,但厚度不同的标准涂层,通过最小二乘拟合建立I与h之间线性关系标准曲线(线性相关系数大于0.999)。
基于光学菲涅尔响应测量LPC折射率的理论研究及实验验证：通过对LPC受斜入射光波激发时,发射光波沿入射光波原路径返回振幅变化的理论分析,提出一种基于LPC光学菲涅尔响应的折射率在线测量方法。实验测量了LPC在入射角为60°波长为465nm光波激发下的涂层折射率。测量结果表明：新的折射率测量方法是可行的,对于其他用途的发光涂层折射率测量同样适用。实验结果为LPC方法采用斜射法应变分离时,与涂层应变无关的光学菲涅尔响应值的计算奠定了基础。
斜射法应变分离提取应变相关光学响应的方法研究：为了获得两个单独的主应变值,提出LPC方法中采用激发光波斜入射的主应变分离方法。考虑到激发光波斜入射时,由于折射光与入射光传播方向的不同,造成与涂层应变无关的光学响应和与涂层应变相关的光学响应耦合在一起。为了从耦合的光学响应中获取只与涂层应变相关的光学响应以便应用于主应变分离,理论研究了新涂层结构在激发光波斜入射时涂层应变相关光学响应的提取及主应变分离方法。并通过对信噪比的理论分析,确定了新涂层结构斜入射应变分离时的最优入射角。
Luminescent photoelastic coating (LPC) method is a relatively new measurement technique to provide the full-field in-plane maximum shear strain and the principal strain directions on the surfaces of the test structures. In order to overcome the shortcoming of low signal-to-noise ratio in signal detection faced in its practical applications, the improved LPC configuration and test method are proposed. In this dissertation, the principal works on the improved LPC prepared by Epoxy resin, Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Diethylenetriamine (DETA) and Rhodamine B (RhB) are listed as follow:
Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the new single-layer LPC. The intensity formula for the new LPC was derived. Fluorescence emission spectra of both the new LPC and the original LPC were measured using fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results show that the new LPC could remarkably improve signal-to-noise ratio with increasing emission intensities. Furthermore, the emission spectra of the new LPC with the same thickness but different weight ratios of luminescent dyes show that both an appropriate concentration of luminescent dyes and an emission wavelength adopted to capture intensity images in LPC method are of real significance in effectively improving signal intensities.
The theoretical research and experimental verification of the LPC thickness measurement method. In order to correct the influence of coating thickness nonuniformity resulted from spray-on or brush-on coating on accurate strain measurements, a non-contact coating thickness measurement method based on establishing linear calibration curve between the thickness and luminescent signal intensity of test coating is proposed. The experimental results show that the linear calibration curve between LPC intensity and its thickness can be given by selecting an appropriate concentration of luminescent dye added in LPC, and the correlation coefficient of this linear calibration curve is to more than0.999.
The theoretical studies and experimental measurement of the LPC refractive index. According to the amplitude theoretical analysis of the emission light exiting the coating along the same path as the incident excitation light, a new measurement method of the LPC refractive index based on optical Fresnel response of the coating is proposed. The refractive index of the new LPC was measured and can be used to calculate the non-strain related optical Fresnel response for principal strain separation by oblique incidence technique.
Propose the oblique-incidence method for principal strain separation in the LPC. The value of the principal strain difference can be obtained by the normal incidence in LPC. To obtain two separate principal strain components in LPC method, a theoretical model of strain separation by oblique incidence with a new LPC only containing luminescent dyes is presented. Considering the non-strain related refraction effect included in the total optical response at oblique incidence, the theoretical analysis of getting the strain related optical response from the total optical response used to separate principal strains is given. The optimal angle of incidence for the oblique incidence method was determined from the signal-to-noise ratio curve.
新单涂层结构的理论分析及强度提高实验验证：根据光弹性理论以及光致发光原理,推导了平面应力状态下新单涂层结构的强度公式。通过制作新、旧两种不同结构LPC,以465nm为激发波长,在Cary Eclipse型荧光分光光度计上对这两种涂层的荧光光谱进行测试。实验结果验证了新涂层结构在提高测量信号强度方面的有效性。另外,通过制作具有相同厚度、但发光染料配比不同的新单涂层结构LPC,荧光光谱的测量结果表明：测量信号的强度提高还与涂层中发光染料配比的合理确定(考虑浓度效应)、荧光信号发射波长的选择有直接关系。
基于建立厚度——强度标准曲线测量LPC厚度的理论研究及实验验证：为了修正采用喷涂或刷涂方法制作涂层时,构件表面LPC厚度分布的不均匀性对应变测量结果的影响,首次提出基于建立厚度与强度标准曲线的LPC厚度测量方法。具体步骤：(1)制作一系列具有相同厚度,但染料配比不同的LPC,并以465nm为激发波长,在Cary Eclipse型荧光分光光度计上进行荧光光谱测试,确定LPC荧光信号强度I与其厚度h之间满足近似线性关系时的染料最大配比;(2)在实验确定的染料最大配比前提下,制作一系列具有相同染料配比,但厚度不同的标准涂层,通过最小二乘拟合建立I与h之间线性关系标准曲线(线性相关系数大于0.999)。
基于光学菲涅尔响应测量LPC折射率的理论研究及实验验证：通过对LPC受斜入射光波激发时,发射光波沿入射光波原路径返回振幅变化的理论分析,提出一种基于LPC光学菲涅尔响应的折射率在线测量方法。实验测量了LPC在入射角为60°波长为465nm光波激发下的涂层折射率。测量结果表明：新的折射率测量方法是可行的,对于其他用途的发光涂层折射率测量同样适用。实验结果为LPC方法采用斜射法应变分离时,与涂层应变无关的光学菲涅尔响应值的计算奠定了基础。
斜射法应变分离提取应变相关光学响应的方法研究：为了获得两个单独的主应变值,提出LPC方法中采用激发光波斜入射的主应变分离方法。考虑到激发光波斜入射时,由于折射光与入射光传播方向的不同,造成与涂层应变无关的光学响应和与涂层应变相关的光学响应耦合在一起。为了从耦合的光学响应中获取只与涂层应变相关的光学响应以便应用于主应变分离,理论研究了新涂层结构在激发光波斜入射时涂层应变相关光学响应的提取及主应变分离方法。并通过对信噪比的理论分析,确定了新涂层结构斜入射应变分离时的最优入射角。
Luminescent photoelastic coating (LPC) method is a relatively new measurement technique to provide the full-field in-plane maximum shear strain and the principal strain directions on the surfaces of the test structures. In order to overcome the shortcoming of low signal-to-noise ratio in signal detection faced in its practical applications, the improved LPC configuration and test method are proposed. In this dissertation, the principal works on the improved LPC prepared by Epoxy resin, Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Diethylenetriamine (DETA) and Rhodamine B (RhB) are listed as follow:
Theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the new single-layer LPC. The intensity formula for the new LPC was derived. Fluorescence emission spectra of both the new LPC and the original LPC were measured using fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results show that the new LPC could remarkably improve signal-to-noise ratio with increasing emission intensities. Furthermore, the emission spectra of the new LPC with the same thickness but different weight ratios of luminescent dyes show that both an appropriate concentration of luminescent dyes and an emission wavelength adopted to capture intensity images in LPC method are of real significance in effectively improving signal intensities.
The theoretical research and experimental verification of the LPC thickness measurement method. In order to correct the influence of coating thickness nonuniformity resulted from spray-on or brush-on coating on accurate strain measurements, a non-contact coating thickness measurement method based on establishing linear calibration curve between the thickness and luminescent signal intensity of test coating is proposed. The experimental results show that the linear calibration curve between LPC intensity and its thickness can be given by selecting an appropriate concentration of luminescent dye added in LPC, and the correlation coefficient of this linear calibration curve is to more than0.999.
The theoretical studies and experimental measurement of the LPC refractive index. According to the amplitude theoretical analysis of the emission light exiting the coating along the same path as the incident excitation light, a new measurement method of the LPC refractive index based on optical Fresnel response of the coating is proposed. The refractive index of the new LPC was measured and can be used to calculate the non-strain related optical Fresnel response for principal strain separation by oblique incidence technique.
Propose the oblique-incidence method for principal strain separation in the LPC. The value of the principal strain difference can be obtained by the normal incidence in LPC. To obtain two separate principal strain components in LPC method, a theoretical model of strain separation by oblique incidence with a new LPC only containing luminescent dyes is presented. Considering the non-strain related refraction effect included in the total optical response at oblique incidence, the theoretical analysis of getting the strain related optical response from the total optical response used to separate principal strains is given. The optimal angle of incidence for the oblique incidence method was determined from the signal-to-noise ratio curve.
引文
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