彩色棉纤维色泽遗传及多样性分析
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摘要
彩色棉是纤维具有天然色泽的棉花类型。随着健康和环保的理念深入人心,彩色棉的开发和利用逐渐成为潮流。许多彩色棉品系,因产量不高、衣分低和纤维品质差,不适合纺织生产的要求。近年来,国内外育种家广泛开展了彩色棉的育种工作,选育出许多色泽基本稳定的优异种质,彩色棉农艺性状和纤维品质明显提高,拓宽了现有彩色棉种质资源遗传基础,具有巨大的利用价值,但没有获得关键性突破。彩色棉的研究无论常规育种方面,还是理论研究都相对较少;彩色棉纤维色泽遗传规律研究不深入,且研究结果不一致;彩色棉品种的审定存在诸多困难,2001年我国首个彩色棉品种才被审定,因此许多彩色棉品系系谱来源不祥,农艺性状参差不齐。上述因素都制约着彩色棉育种的进一步发展,对现有彩色棉品系的农艺性状鉴定和遗传关系的考证显得尤为重要。本课题组在前期研究中发现一个新培育的棕色棉品系与不同基因型的白色棉杂交,F_1代出现了不同的色泽,本研究对该棕色棉分别与三个基因型不同白色棉的杂交F_2代群体的单株纤维色泽分离进行深入分析,以阐明其遗传规律;基于农艺性状、纤维品质和SSR分子标记技术对61份彩色棉种质进行了遗传多样性研究,以评价近年来彩色棉种质的创新效果;从类黄酮物质的合成途径出发,基于花色苷合成关键酶的基因序列片段设计了特异引物,以丰富现有的分子标记,更加有针对性地进行遗传多样性研究。本研究获得主要结果如下:
1)通过对棕128分别与三个基因型不同白色棉的杂交F_2代群体的单株纤维色泽分离结果深入分析,进行了棕色纤维色泽的遗传规律研究,推测长纤维和短绒色泽分别由二对非同源染色体主效基因控制且二对基因间存在互作,白色相对棕色为不完全显性,建立了相应的遗传模型。
2)利用棕128×FB20组合的F_2群体和SSR分子标记技术对棕色长纤维色泽基因进行了初步定位。假设棕色长纤维的基因位点为SlocA,运用Mapmaker exp/3.0数据分析软件进行三点测验连锁分析,结果表明SlocA与7个分子标记位点被定位到一个连锁群,全长为105cM,SlocA位点与Sloc7遗传距离18.4cM,与Sloc9的遗传距离为35.0,三者线性关系为Sloc9、SlocA、Sloc7。
3)通过对61份彩色棉主要农艺性状和纤维品质分析,表明远缘杂交选育的彩色棉新品系农艺性状和纤维品质得到明显改良,系统选育效果较差;多种诱变和生化处理的综合运用有助于改善纤维品质等性状;近年来育成的绿色棉与棕色棉纤维品质差异不显著;同时筛选出单一性状优良的种质26份。
4)利用66对SSR引物,分析了40份棕色棉和21份绿色棉材料,所有供试彩色棉共检测出等位变异344个,平均每个位点5.2个;40份棕色棉和21份绿色棉的等位变异数分别为340个和321个,平均每个位点为5.2个和4.9个。综合遗传丰富度和遗传均匀度,彩色棉遗传多样性稍高于单独由棕色棉构成的群体,棕色棉的遗传多样性高于绿色棉。
5)基于花色苷合成关键酶基因序列片断设计了31对特异引物,进行了扩增,27对有扩增产物,占总引物的88%。8对引物在供试材料中具有多态性,占有扩增产
The colored cotton is a kind of cotton with the natural color in its fiber. Along with the idea of health and the environmental protection sinking deep into the hearts of people, the colored cotton development and using is a tidal current. The germplasm with poor quality traits has not played the important role in the textile production. Recently, domestic and foreign breeders lanuched the colored cotton breeding, and have got a lot of elite germplasm with stable traits, which have enlarged the genetic base on the colored cotton. Its agronomic characters have made distinct enhancement, but have not obtained the crucial breakthrough. The research of the inheritance rules of it is not thorough and consistent. And the paper of study on the colored cotton germplasm is rare. The factors restrict the development of the colored cotton. Therefore, F_2 population of different combination and 61 lines of colored cotton were collected in our reserch. The purpose of this paper was to make a thorough analysis of the inheritance rule of Brown fiber and evaluate the genetic diversity and the effect enhancement of the colored cotton lines coming from different country and different provinces and select the germplasm which have better value in application, so as to accelerrate the aplication in the colored cotton breeding. At the same time, according to the process of the flavornoids synthesis and EST (expressed sequnced tags:) or cDNA of the key anthecyanin gene, Specific marker were designed to rich existing molecular markers. The results showed as following:1) A thorough analysis of the inheritance rule of Brown cotton fiber was been made using F_2 population of different combination, and the viewpoint of the colored lint and colored fuzz of Brown cotton controlled by the two pairs major genes incomplete dominance on non-homologous chromosomes, respectively, were proposed for the first time. While white lint and fuzz were dominant to brown ones, respectively. There exists interaction between lint and fuzz coloring gene, and the genetic modle also was been established.2) Regarding brown 128 and FB20 as parents, F_2 as maping populations, we used SSR technology to tag Brown lint gene, the 1 out of 15 pairs were linked with the brown lint gene, and their distance was 18.4 cM.3) By evaluating important agronomic characters of the 61 colored cottons, 26 elite germplasm with sole elite quality traits were been obtained. We found that the lines
developing by the method of hybridization breeding had more enhacement than breeding by the selection. Utilization of induce mutation and the biochemistry was helpful to improvement of fiber quality and developing the new lines. The fiber quality of the colored cotton developing in recent years between Borwn cotton and Green cotton had not obviously distinctness.4) 61 the colored cotton lines, inculding 40 Brown cottons and 21 Green cottons were used to analyze genetic variation at 66 SSR loci. A total of 344 alleles were detected, in which 340 and 321 alleles occurred in 40 Brown cottons and 21 Green cottons. Respectively. The average number of allele's perlocus was 4.9 for Green cottons and 5.2 for both all the colored cotton and Brown cottons. It is suggested that the genetic diversity of Brown cotton was lower than the colored cotton, but higher than Green cotton.5) According to the process of the flavornoids synthesis and the EST (expressed sequnced tags) or cDNA of the key anthecyanin gene, 31 pairs specific marker were designed to rich existing molecular marker. The PCR results amplified by the 31 pairs specific marker showed that 27 pairs of it have amplified sequncene, and 8 pairs have ploymorphism among diferent the colored cotton lines.
1)通过对棕128分别与三个基因型不同白色棉的杂交F_2代群体的单株纤维色泽分离结果深入分析,进行了棕色纤维色泽的遗传规律研究,推测长纤维和短绒色泽分别由二对非同源染色体主效基因控制且二对基因间存在互作,白色相对棕色为不完全显性,建立了相应的遗传模型。
2)利用棕128×FB20组合的F_2群体和SSR分子标记技术对棕色长纤维色泽基因进行了初步定位。假设棕色长纤维的基因位点为SlocA,运用Mapmaker exp/3.0数据分析软件进行三点测验连锁分析,结果表明SlocA与7个分子标记位点被定位到一个连锁群,全长为105cM,SlocA位点与Sloc7遗传距离18.4cM,与Sloc9的遗传距离为35.0,三者线性关系为Sloc9、SlocA、Sloc7。
3)通过对61份彩色棉主要农艺性状和纤维品质分析,表明远缘杂交选育的彩色棉新品系农艺性状和纤维品质得到明显改良,系统选育效果较差;多种诱变和生化处理的综合运用有助于改善纤维品质等性状;近年来育成的绿色棉与棕色棉纤维品质差异不显著;同时筛选出单一性状优良的种质26份。
4)利用66对SSR引物,分析了40份棕色棉和21份绿色棉材料,所有供试彩色棉共检测出等位变异344个,平均每个位点5.2个;40份棕色棉和21份绿色棉的等位变异数分别为340个和321个,平均每个位点为5.2个和4.9个。综合遗传丰富度和遗传均匀度,彩色棉遗传多样性稍高于单独由棕色棉构成的群体,棕色棉的遗传多样性高于绿色棉。
5)基于花色苷合成关键酶基因序列片断设计了31对特异引物,进行了扩增,27对有扩增产物,占总引物的88%。8对引物在供试材料中具有多态性,占有扩增产
The colored cotton is a kind of cotton with the natural color in its fiber. Along with the idea of health and the environmental protection sinking deep into the hearts of people, the colored cotton development and using is a tidal current. The germplasm with poor quality traits has not played the important role in the textile production. Recently, domestic and foreign breeders lanuched the colored cotton breeding, and have got a lot of elite germplasm with stable traits, which have enlarged the genetic base on the colored cotton. Its agronomic characters have made distinct enhancement, but have not obtained the crucial breakthrough. The research of the inheritance rules of it is not thorough and consistent. And the paper of study on the colored cotton germplasm is rare. The factors restrict the development of the colored cotton. Therefore, F_2 population of different combination and 61 lines of colored cotton were collected in our reserch. The purpose of this paper was to make a thorough analysis of the inheritance rule of Brown fiber and evaluate the genetic diversity and the effect enhancement of the colored cotton lines coming from different country and different provinces and select the germplasm which have better value in application, so as to accelerrate the aplication in the colored cotton breeding. At the same time, according to the process of the flavornoids synthesis and EST (expressed sequnced tags:) or cDNA of the key anthecyanin gene, Specific marker were designed to rich existing molecular markers. The results showed as following:1) A thorough analysis of the inheritance rule of Brown cotton fiber was been made using F_2 population of different combination, and the viewpoint of the colored lint and colored fuzz of Brown cotton controlled by the two pairs major genes incomplete dominance on non-homologous chromosomes, respectively, were proposed for the first time. While white lint and fuzz were dominant to brown ones, respectively. There exists interaction between lint and fuzz coloring gene, and the genetic modle also was been established.2) Regarding brown 128 and FB20 as parents, F_2 as maping populations, we used SSR technology to tag Brown lint gene, the 1 out of 15 pairs were linked with the brown lint gene, and their distance was 18.4 cM.3) By evaluating important agronomic characters of the 61 colored cottons, 26 elite germplasm with sole elite quality traits were been obtained. We found that the lines
developing by the method of hybridization breeding had more enhacement than breeding by the selection. Utilization of induce mutation and the biochemistry was helpful to improvement of fiber quality and developing the new lines. The fiber quality of the colored cotton developing in recent years between Borwn cotton and Green cotton had not obviously distinctness.4) 61 the colored cotton lines, inculding 40 Brown cottons and 21 Green cottons were used to analyze genetic variation at 66 SSR loci. A total of 344 alleles were detected, in which 340 and 321 alleles occurred in 40 Brown cottons and 21 Green cottons. Respectively. The average number of allele's perlocus was 4.9 for Green cottons and 5.2 for both all the colored cotton and Brown cottons. It is suggested that the genetic diversity of Brown cotton was lower than the colored cotton, but higher than Green cotton.5) According to the process of the flavornoids synthesis and the EST (expressed sequnced tags) or cDNA of the key anthecyanin gene, 31 pairs specific marker were designed to rich existing molecular marker. The PCR results amplified by the 31 pairs specific marker showed that 27 pairs of it have amplified sequncene, and 8 pairs have ploymorphism among diferent the colored cotton lines.
引文
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