统计分析方法在航空伽玛能谱数据处理中的应用研究
|
摘要
论文分析了地-空界面上伽玛射线的主要来源及其伽玛射线能谱谱成分的变化,放射性元素在各地层、各岩石类型中的分布规律,为进行航空伽玛能谱数据的获取提供了理论依据。介绍了AGS 863航空伽玛能谱勘查系统集成、性能参数及其工作原理、校正方法。总结了测区的自然地理情况、区域地质概况以及岩矿石放射性特征。
文中主要采用网格化、标准化方法对AGS 863航空伽玛能谱勘查系统试生产中测得铀、钍、钾含量和总道总量数据进行预处理,并采用以先验地质资料为基础的数据统计分析、多元动态聚类分析及主分量分析方法对其进行统计分析,结合1:20万地质矿产图对统计结果进行了分析解释,结论如下:
1)铀、钍、钾含量及总道总量数据符合正太分布,其等值线图能较好反映测区的放射性异常。
2)以先验地质资料为基础的数据统计分析结果显示大多数地层单元或岩体的放射性特征符合常见的统计规律,说明使用的航空伽玛能谱勘查系统测量结果正确、可靠;不同地层单元或岩体具有特定的放射性特征,为利用航空伽玛能谱资料研究地质构造提供了依据。
3)多元动态聚类数据与先验地质资料为基础的能谱数据统计分析结果进行对比,北部广泛分布的第四系和第三系与类别2、3、4对应较好;南部的侏罗系、二叠系、石炭系与类别5、7、8对应较好;花岗岩类与类别14～18相对应。另外,类别1的钾、铀、钍含量都较低,经与遥感影像图对比,可能属于水体和湿地的反映。
4)主分量得分结果显示第一主分量与钾、铀、钍高度相关,能较好的反映该区地表岩性特征和钾、铀、钍总的变化趋势。第二主分量与钾呈正相关,与铀、钍负相关,主要指示了原始的沉积环境,即钾盐的化学沉积环境。第三主分量与钾、铀、钍的相关系数都较小,且与钍呈正相关,与钾、铀呈负相关,主要反映各种蚀变信息。
航空伽玛能谱测量得的数据统计分析结果能较好的反映测区地区岩性特征,沉积环境,放射性异常趋势,表明试生产获得了真实可靠的、质量较高的航空伽玛能谱数据。
This paper analyzed the main source and the spectrometry spectra of gamma rays in the earth air interface, also analyzed the distribution law of the radioactive elements in various types of rocks, and the results provided theory basis for data acquisition of aviation gamma spectrometer. It also Introduced the integration process, performance parameters , working principle, calibration methods of AGS 863 aviation gamma spectrometer exploration system. It also summarized the natural geographical situation, regional geological survey and rock radioactive features for the measured area.
This paper mainly adopts grids and standardization methods to preprocess the information of the contents of uranium, thorium, potassium and the total way sum data gained by the AGS 863 aviation gamma spectrometer exploration system. Next, on the basis of the priori geological data, combined with the geology and mineral resources map with sale of 1:200000, this study analyzed the information using multiple dynamic clustering analysis method and principal component analysis method. Conclusions are as follows:
1). The information of the contents of uranium, thorium, potassium and the total way sum data is according with the normal distribution, and the isoline map reflects the radioactive abnormality of the measured area.
2). The radioactive features of most kinds of rocks is according with common statistical characteristics, which identified that the AGS– 863 system measured accurately. Different kinds of formation rocks have specific radioactive features, so it is realistic to study geological structure by aviation gamma spectrometer material.
3). Quaternary and Tertiary formation widely distributed in the northern area are corresponding to the 2, 3, 4 category; Jurassic, Permian, Carboniferous formation distributed in the southern area corresponding to the 5, 7, 8 category; Ganite rocks are corresponding to the 14~18 category. In addition, the contents of uranium, thorium, potassium are low in category 1 may reflect the water region or wetlands environment.
4). The first principal component according with the contents of potassium, uranium and thorium reflected the surface lithological features and changing trends for the mineral contents. The second principal component, positively correlated with potassium and negatively correlated with uranium and thorium, mainly related to the original sylvite chemical sedimentary environment. The third main component has a low correlation coefficient with the mineral contents, positively correlated with thorium and negatively correlated with uranium and potassium, reflected various alteration information. The statistical analysis results can preferably reflect the lithological features, sedimentary environment, radioactive anomalies, so the data measured by the AGS– 863 system was accurate.
文中主要采用网格化、标准化方法对AGS 863航空伽玛能谱勘查系统试生产中测得铀、钍、钾含量和总道总量数据进行预处理,并采用以先验地质资料为基础的数据统计分析、多元动态聚类分析及主分量分析方法对其进行统计分析,结合1:20万地质矿产图对统计结果进行了分析解释,结论如下:
1)铀、钍、钾含量及总道总量数据符合正太分布,其等值线图能较好反映测区的放射性异常。
2)以先验地质资料为基础的数据统计分析结果显示大多数地层单元或岩体的放射性特征符合常见的统计规律,说明使用的航空伽玛能谱勘查系统测量结果正确、可靠;不同地层单元或岩体具有特定的放射性特征,为利用航空伽玛能谱资料研究地质构造提供了依据。
3)多元动态聚类数据与先验地质资料为基础的能谱数据统计分析结果进行对比,北部广泛分布的第四系和第三系与类别2、3、4对应较好;南部的侏罗系、二叠系、石炭系与类别5、7、8对应较好;花岗岩类与类别14～18相对应。另外,类别1的钾、铀、钍含量都较低,经与遥感影像图对比,可能属于水体和湿地的反映。
4)主分量得分结果显示第一主分量与钾、铀、钍高度相关,能较好的反映该区地表岩性特征和钾、铀、钍总的变化趋势。第二主分量与钾呈正相关,与铀、钍负相关,主要指示了原始的沉积环境,即钾盐的化学沉积环境。第三主分量与钾、铀、钍的相关系数都较小,且与钍呈正相关,与钾、铀呈负相关,主要反映各种蚀变信息。
航空伽玛能谱测量得的数据统计分析结果能较好的反映测区地区岩性特征,沉积环境,放射性异常趋势,表明试生产获得了真实可靠的、质量较高的航空伽玛能谱数据。
This paper analyzed the main source and the spectrometry spectra of gamma rays in the earth air interface, also analyzed the distribution law of the radioactive elements in various types of rocks, and the results provided theory basis for data acquisition of aviation gamma spectrometer. It also Introduced the integration process, performance parameters , working principle, calibration methods of AGS 863 aviation gamma spectrometer exploration system. It also summarized the natural geographical situation, regional geological survey and rock radioactive features for the measured area.
This paper mainly adopts grids and standardization methods to preprocess the information of the contents of uranium, thorium, potassium and the total way sum data gained by the AGS 863 aviation gamma spectrometer exploration system. Next, on the basis of the priori geological data, combined with the geology and mineral resources map with sale of 1:200000, this study analyzed the information using multiple dynamic clustering analysis method and principal component analysis method. Conclusions are as follows:
1). The information of the contents of uranium, thorium, potassium and the total way sum data is according with the normal distribution, and the isoline map reflects the radioactive abnormality of the measured area.
2). The radioactive features of most kinds of rocks is according with common statistical characteristics, which identified that the AGS– 863 system measured accurately. Different kinds of formation rocks have specific radioactive features, so it is realistic to study geological structure by aviation gamma spectrometer material.
3). Quaternary and Tertiary formation widely distributed in the northern area are corresponding to the 2, 3, 4 category; Jurassic, Permian, Carboniferous formation distributed in the southern area corresponding to the 5, 7, 8 category; Ganite rocks are corresponding to the 14~18 category. In addition, the contents of uranium, thorium, potassium are low in category 1 may reflect the water region or wetlands environment.
4). The first principal component according with the contents of potassium, uranium and thorium reflected the surface lithological features and changing trends for the mineral contents. The second principal component, positively correlated with potassium and negatively correlated with uranium and thorium, mainly related to the original sylvite chemical sedimentary environment. The third main component has a low correlation coefficient with the mineral contents, positively correlated with thorium and negatively correlated with uranium and potassium, reflected various alteration information. The statistical analysis results can preferably reflect the lithological features, sedimentary environment, radioactive anomalies, so the data measured by the AGS– 863 system was accurate.
引文
[1] Hovgaard J,Grasty R L. Reducing statistical noise in airborne gamma-ray data through spectral component analysis[A].In:Gubins A Ged. Proceedings of Exploration 97[C].Toronto:GEO F/X division of AG information systems Ltd,1997,753—764.
[2] Killeen P G. Mineral exploration trends and developments in 1998[J].Canadian Mining Journal,1999,120(1):10—18.
[3]郭良德.西方国家航空物探技术的若干进展[J].物探与化探,2000.10.
[4]熊盛青.国土资源遥感和航空物探信息系统建设进展(中国地理信息网)http://www.gisie.net/docc/brow.asp?id=3233
[5]李伟锋刘振国.我国物探技术自主研发能力显著提升(中国国土资源部网站) http://www.mlr.gov.cn/xwdt/jrxw/201010/t20101025_787890.htm
[6]张洪瑞,范正国.2000年来西方国家航空物探技术的若干进展[J].物探与化探,2007.02.
[7] Patrick G,Killeen Ph.Exploration trends and developments 2004[J]. Canadian Mining Journal,2006,March:1.
[8] James H.Gaibraith,Donald F.Saunders,方励译.根据航空伽玛测量特征进行岩石分类[J].国外铀矿地质,1987.
[9]王红方译.关于航空丫能谱测量在全球地球化学填图中的重要性[J].国外铀矿地质,1996.
[10]于百川.“七五”期间航空放射性测量取得重大成果[J].铀矿地质,1994.10.
[11]张文斌,熊盛青.一种有用的解释参数——航空伽马能谱变异系数[J].物探与化探,1990,14(4).
[12]张文斌,范正国.主分量分析方法在航空伽玛能谱测量数据解释中的应用[J].物探与化探,1990,15(6).
[13]熊盛青,范正国.IBM4341计算机航空伽马能谱解释处理系统及应用[J].物探化探计算技术,1993,15(1).
[14]章哗,张文斌,范正国.航空伽玛能谱测量数据分类图的自动编图系统[J].铀矿地质,1992,8(5).
[15]黄旭钊,范正国等.以先验地质资料为基础的放射性参数统计方法[J].物探与化探,2004,28(5).
[16]赵希刚,吴汉宁等.砂岩型铀矿航空伽马能谱数据微弱信息增强的地质意[J].中国地质,2007,34(3).
[17]柯丹,韩绍阳等.花岗岩型铀矿勘查中航放信息的提取与综合[J].铀矿地质,2009,25(6).
[18]陈树军.航空伽玛能谱测量在浅覆盖区地质填图单元划分中的应用[D].吉林大学硕士毕业论文,2007.
[19]曹利国,周容生等.核地球物理勘查方法[M].原子能出版社,1991.
[20]贾文懿,方方,苗放.核地球物理的理论与实践[M].四川大学出版社,1991.
[21]周容生.核方法原理及应用[M].地质出版社,1991.
[22]卢希庭,江栋兴,叶沿林等.原子核物理[M].原子能出版社,2000.
[23]吴慧山,蒋永一,赵树新.核技术勘查[M].原子能出版社,1994.
[24]章晔,华荣洲,石柏慎.放射性方法勘查[M].地质出版社,1990
[25]熊盛青等.航空物探遥感论文集[M].地质出版社1999.3.
[26]王平,熊盛青.油气放射性勘查原理方法与应用[M].地质出版社,1997.10.
[27] (苏)В.П.沃罗比约夫等.普查金属矿床的航空伽玛能谱测量方法[M].地质出版社, 1985.11
[28]中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心,AGS-863航空伽玛能谱勘查系统试生产方案,2010.
[29]程业勋,王南萍,侯胜利.核辐射场与放射性勘查[M].地质出版社,2005.
[30]中华人民共和国核行业标准.航空伽玛能谱测量规范. EJ/T 1032-2005.
[31]汤彬,葛良全.核辐射测量原理[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2010.
[32]辽宁省第二区域地质测量队,中华人民共和国区域地质矿产报告书(比例尺1:20万,协里府幅、巴林左旗幅),1971.
[33]辽宁省第二区域地质测量队,中华人民共和国区域地质矿产报告书(比例尺1:20万,白塔子庙幅、林西县幅),1971.
[34]内蒙古自治区地质局,中华人民共和国区域地质矿产报告书(比例尺1:20万,宝力格幅),1976.
[35]中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心,AGS-863航空伽玛能谱勘查系统试生产总结报告,2011.
[36]刘兆平,杨进,武炜.地球物理数据网格化方法的选取[J].物探与化探,2010,34(1).
[37]纪宏金.地球化学数据的统计分析[M].长春地质学院,1993.
[38]王建,白世彪,陈晔. Surfer 8地理信息制图[M].中国地图出版社,2004.
[39]吴信才. MAPGIS地理信息系统[M].电子工业出版社,2004.
[40]宋志刚,谢蕾蕾,何旭洪. SPSS16实用教程[M].人民邮电出版社,2008.
[41]余建英,何旭宏.数据统计分析与SPSS应用[M].人民邮电出版社,2003.
[42] Joseph S.Duval.Composite color images of aerial gamma-ray spectrometric data[J].GEOPHYSICS,1983,48(6):50一55.
[43] Prasantha Miehael Jayawardhana and S.N.Sheard.The use of airborne gamma-ray spectrometry一A case study from the Mount Isa inlier,northwest Queensland,Australia[J].GEOPHYSICS,2000,65(6):30一32.
[44] Uzi Vulkan and Joseph S.Duval. Multivariate statistical an alysis of geophysical data in Nevada[J].GEOPHYSICS,1993,58(5):31一34.
[45] Donald F.Saunders,K Ray Burson,Jim.Branch,and C.Keith Thompson.Relation of thorium一namalized suriface and aerial radiometric data to subsurface petroleumaccumulations[J].GEOPHYSICS,1993,58(10):10一13.
[46]朱永生.实验数据多元统计分析[M].科学出版社, 2009.
[47]庞巨丰.γ能谱数据分析[M].陕西科学技术出版社,1990.
[48]王愚基,张文斌.航空物探解释方法及应用[M].地质出版社,1992.
[2] Killeen P G. Mineral exploration trends and developments in 1998[J].Canadian Mining Journal,1999,120(1):10—18.
[3]郭良德.西方国家航空物探技术的若干进展[J].物探与化探,2000.10.
[4]熊盛青.国土资源遥感和航空物探信息系统建设进展(中国地理信息网)http://www.gisie.net/docc/brow.asp?id=3233
[5]李伟锋刘振国.我国物探技术自主研发能力显著提升(中国国土资源部网站) http://www.mlr.gov.cn/xwdt/jrxw/201010/t20101025_787890.htm
[6]张洪瑞,范正国.2000年来西方国家航空物探技术的若干进展[J].物探与化探,2007.02.
[7] Patrick G,Killeen Ph.Exploration trends and developments 2004[J]. Canadian Mining Journal,2006,March:1.
[8] James H.Gaibraith,Donald F.Saunders,方励译.根据航空伽玛测量特征进行岩石分类[J].国外铀矿地质,1987.
[9]王红方译.关于航空丫能谱测量在全球地球化学填图中的重要性[J].国外铀矿地质,1996.
[10]于百川.“七五”期间航空放射性测量取得重大成果[J].铀矿地质,1994.10.
[11]张文斌,熊盛青.一种有用的解释参数——航空伽马能谱变异系数[J].物探与化探,1990,14(4).
[12]张文斌,范正国.主分量分析方法在航空伽玛能谱测量数据解释中的应用[J].物探与化探,1990,15(6).
[13]熊盛青,范正国.IBM4341计算机航空伽马能谱解释处理系统及应用[J].物探化探计算技术,1993,15(1).
[14]章哗,张文斌,范正国.航空伽玛能谱测量数据分类图的自动编图系统[J].铀矿地质,1992,8(5).
[15]黄旭钊,范正国等.以先验地质资料为基础的放射性参数统计方法[J].物探与化探,2004,28(5).
[16]赵希刚,吴汉宁等.砂岩型铀矿航空伽马能谱数据微弱信息增强的地质意[J].中国地质,2007,34(3).
[17]柯丹,韩绍阳等.花岗岩型铀矿勘查中航放信息的提取与综合[J].铀矿地质,2009,25(6).
[18]陈树军.航空伽玛能谱测量在浅覆盖区地质填图单元划分中的应用[D].吉林大学硕士毕业论文,2007.
[19]曹利国,周容生等.核地球物理勘查方法[M].原子能出版社,1991.
[20]贾文懿,方方,苗放.核地球物理的理论与实践[M].四川大学出版社,1991.
[21]周容生.核方法原理及应用[M].地质出版社,1991.
[22]卢希庭,江栋兴,叶沿林等.原子核物理[M].原子能出版社,2000.
[23]吴慧山,蒋永一,赵树新.核技术勘查[M].原子能出版社,1994.
[24]章晔,华荣洲,石柏慎.放射性方法勘查[M].地质出版社,1990
[25]熊盛青等.航空物探遥感论文集[M].地质出版社1999.3.
[26]王平,熊盛青.油气放射性勘查原理方法与应用[M].地质出版社,1997.10.
[27] (苏)В.П.沃罗比约夫等.普查金属矿床的航空伽玛能谱测量方法[M].地质出版社, 1985.11
[28]中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心,AGS-863航空伽玛能谱勘查系统试生产方案,2010.
[29]程业勋,王南萍,侯胜利.核辐射场与放射性勘查[M].地质出版社,2005.
[30]中华人民共和国核行业标准.航空伽玛能谱测量规范. EJ/T 1032-2005.
[31]汤彬,葛良全.核辐射测量原理[M].哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2010.
[32]辽宁省第二区域地质测量队,中华人民共和国区域地质矿产报告书(比例尺1:20万,协里府幅、巴林左旗幅),1971.
[33]辽宁省第二区域地质测量队,中华人民共和国区域地质矿产报告书(比例尺1:20万,白塔子庙幅、林西县幅),1971.
[34]内蒙古自治区地质局,中华人民共和国区域地质矿产报告书(比例尺1:20万,宝力格幅),1976.
[35]中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心,AGS-863航空伽玛能谱勘查系统试生产总结报告,2011.
[36]刘兆平,杨进,武炜.地球物理数据网格化方法的选取[J].物探与化探,2010,34(1).
[37]纪宏金.地球化学数据的统计分析[M].长春地质学院,1993.
[38]王建,白世彪,陈晔. Surfer 8地理信息制图[M].中国地图出版社,2004.
[39]吴信才. MAPGIS地理信息系统[M].电子工业出版社,2004.
[40]宋志刚,谢蕾蕾,何旭洪. SPSS16实用教程[M].人民邮电出版社,2008.
[41]余建英,何旭宏.数据统计分析与SPSS应用[M].人民邮电出版社,2003.
[42] Joseph S.Duval.Composite color images of aerial gamma-ray spectrometric data[J].GEOPHYSICS,1983,48(6):50一55.
[43] Prasantha Miehael Jayawardhana and S.N.Sheard.The use of airborne gamma-ray spectrometry一A case study from the Mount Isa inlier,northwest Queensland,Australia[J].GEOPHYSICS,2000,65(6):30一32.
[44] Uzi Vulkan and Joseph S.Duval. Multivariate statistical an alysis of geophysical data in Nevada[J].GEOPHYSICS,1993,58(5):31一34.
[45] Donald F.Saunders,K Ray Burson,Jim.Branch,and C.Keith Thompson.Relation of thorium一namalized suriface and aerial radiometric data to subsurface petroleumaccumulations[J].GEOPHYSICS,1993,58(10):10一13.
[46]朱永生.实验数据多元统计分析[M].科学出版社, 2009.
[47]庞巨丰.γ能谱数据分析[M].陕西科学技术出版社,1990.
[48]王愚基,张文斌.航空物探解释方法及应用[M].地质出版社,1992.