基于金属橡胶阻尼器耗能减震框架剪力墙体系的抗震研究
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摘要
随着我国社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加快，高层建筑成为城市文化的标志，而我国很多百万人口以上规模的城市都在强地震区，因此，保护城市高层及超高层建筑在地震作用中的安全仍然是今后建筑结构抗震研究领域的重要研究任务。钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙和框架-筒体结构已经成为高层建筑的首选结构形式，而剪力墙作为框-剪和框-筒结构中主要受力构件，对其抗震性能所进行的研究无疑具有重大的理论意义和重要的实际工程价值。罕遇地震下剪力墙墙肢首先发生破坏，不利于剪力墙结构体系二道抗震防线的实现，也不能保证贯彻结构“大震不倒”的抗震设防原则。为此，剪力墙结构的延性设计要求罕遇地震作用下连梁先于墙肢屈服，通过连梁形成塑性铰耗能。结构耗能减震技术已经被证明是一种有效的结构抗震技术，通过在结构中加入具有较大耗能能力的耗能器，正常使用情况下保证一定侧向刚度，结构处于弹性状态，大震时随着侧向位移的增大，耗能器产生较大阻尼，集中耗能，降低结构振动响应，避免主体结构损伤。
本文结合国家自然科学基金项目“框架剪力墙结构倒塌破坏机制及两阶段失效模式控制研究”（No.90915003），将研究重点放在基于耗能减震技术的剪力墙结构抗震性能研究，同时研究可安装在剪力墙连梁上的变形自回复耗能减震装置，在减小连梁塑性损伤的同时，充分耗散地震能量，并确保耗能减震装置地震后变形可自回复，不需替换。
本文首先研究金属橡胶材料（MR）制备工艺，针对不同成型密度的金属橡胶试件，进行了静力、动力荷载作用下的压缩和剪切性能试验，分析滞变性能；研究了MR的阻尼机理、变形自复位滞回能力。其次，建立了MR刚度硬化本构模型，并对MR材料本构进行了二次开发。同时提出了基于MR材料的双推杆套筒型阻尼器的概念，以一榀12层钢筋混凝土联肢剪力墙和18层钢筋混凝土框架剪力墙为实例，应用ABAQUS软件建立了高精度、高计算效率有限元模型；采用不同参数的MR阻尼器，分别对结构进行非线性地震响应仿真分析。最后，研究新型MR耗能连梁-框架剪力墙体系整体结构地震失效模式。利用结构整体损伤指标量化失效模式。
With the acceleration of China's social-economic development and urbanization,high-level and high-rise buildings appear more and more pervasive. Reinforced concrete frame-shear wall and frame-tube structure have become the preferred structure of the high-risebuildings. There is no doubt that the study about the seismic performance of shear wall,whichis the main component of frame-shear wall and frame-tube structure, has great theoreticalsignificance and important practical value. Shear wall structure, with greater overall stiffness,is likely to cause stress gathering and the occurrence of brittle shear failure under theearthquake. So it is profoundly important to improve the structure's seismic performance, toreduce the irreversible cumulative plastic seismic damage of the component for the safety ofstructure, and to reduce the economic losses caused by post-earthquake rehabilitation.According to the concept of ductility seismic design, coupling beams in shear wall structure arerequired to yield prior to the damage of wall limb. However, damage in coupling beams resultsin repair cost post earthquake and even in some cases, it is difficult to repair the couplingbeams if the damage is severe.
According to above background, this article is based on the studies of Metallic Rubber（MR) damping materials which the deformation of the dampers can recover automaticallyafter earthquakes, the new energy-intensive shear wall coupling beam design and the nonlinearmechanical properties. At the same time, it also concentrates on the nonlinear seismic responseanalysis based on the MR damper energy coupling beams-frame shear wall structure, themechanism of the passive energy dissipation, the structural damage indicators and the failuremode and so on.
(1) Studying the preparation of the MR. The compression and shear mechanical propertiesof stainless steel MR specimens with various nominal densities were test under the static anddynamic loads. During the tests, the influence of several important factors, such as nominaldensity, strain amplitude, cyclic number and speed of loading and the ambient temperature,onthe mechanical behavior of MR were addressed.In order to establish a material constitutivemodel and to provide the basis for the development about the new energy-consuming devicesof the MR, several researches are conducted such as the hysteretic energy performance and thedamping mechanism.
(2) Establishing the stiffness hardening constitutive model of MR, developing materialsubroutine. The subroutine which can be used to simulate a variety of stiffness hardening constitutive relations is added to the finite element analysis ABAQUS software materiallibrary.Loading the seismic waves to the single-pole and shearwall model of MR to test theaccuracy of the subroutine.
(3) Putting forward to the conceptual design and theoretical models based on the new typeof energy-consuming coupling beam of two-way pusher-over bar MR sleeve damper. Thisresearch take12-storey reinforced concrete coupled shear wall and18-storey reinforcedconcrete frame shear walls for example, the coupling beams connecting wall limbs are split inthe middle, and the dampers are installed between the ends of the two cantilevers. Then therelative flexural deformation of the wall limbs is transferred to the ends of coupling beams andthen to the MR dampers. Establishing a high precision and high computational efficiency finiteelement model based on ABAQUS software. It conducts intensive research for the differentparameters of the MR damper coupling beam-shear wall's nonlinear seismic responsesimulation analysis. Analytical results indicate that the displacement and acceleration responsesof the shear wall structure with MR dampers are reduced remarkably.
(4) Researching on the seismic failure mode of the new type of energy-consumingcoupling beam-frame shear wall of MR damper. Quantify the failure mode with damage indexof whole structure, studying the influences on the structure's failure mode and theenergy-consuming distribution under different parameters of MR damper. Analytical resultsindicate that the appropriate parameters of MR damper can make the failure mode of structuremore reasonable.
This paper which comes up with a new way of seismic resistance to the shear wallstructure has great theoretical significance.
本文结合国家自然科学基金项目“框架剪力墙结构倒塌破坏机制及两阶段失效模式控制研究”（No.90915003），将研究重点放在基于耗能减震技术的剪力墙结构抗震性能研究，同时研究可安装在剪力墙连梁上的变形自回复耗能减震装置，在减小连梁塑性损伤的同时，充分耗散地震能量，并确保耗能减震装置地震后变形可自回复，不需替换。
本文首先研究金属橡胶材料（MR）制备工艺，针对不同成型密度的金属橡胶试件，进行了静力、动力荷载作用下的压缩和剪切性能试验，分析滞变性能；研究了MR的阻尼机理、变形自复位滞回能力。其次，建立了MR刚度硬化本构模型，并对MR材料本构进行了二次开发。同时提出了基于MR材料的双推杆套筒型阻尼器的概念，以一榀12层钢筋混凝土联肢剪力墙和18层钢筋混凝土框架剪力墙为实例，应用ABAQUS软件建立了高精度、高计算效率有限元模型；采用不同参数的MR阻尼器，分别对结构进行非线性地震响应仿真分析。最后，研究新型MR耗能连梁-框架剪力墙体系整体结构地震失效模式。利用结构整体损伤指标量化失效模式。
With the acceleration of China's social-economic development and urbanization,high-level and high-rise buildings appear more and more pervasive. Reinforced concrete frame-shear wall and frame-tube structure have become the preferred structure of the high-risebuildings. There is no doubt that the study about the seismic performance of shear wall,whichis the main component of frame-shear wall and frame-tube structure, has great theoreticalsignificance and important practical value. Shear wall structure, with greater overall stiffness,is likely to cause stress gathering and the occurrence of brittle shear failure under theearthquake. So it is profoundly important to improve the structure's seismic performance, toreduce the irreversible cumulative plastic seismic damage of the component for the safety ofstructure, and to reduce the economic losses caused by post-earthquake rehabilitation.According to the concept of ductility seismic design, coupling beams in shear wall structure arerequired to yield prior to the damage of wall limb. However, damage in coupling beams resultsin repair cost post earthquake and even in some cases, it is difficult to repair the couplingbeams if the damage is severe.
According to above background, this article is based on the studies of Metallic Rubber（MR) damping materials which the deformation of the dampers can recover automaticallyafter earthquakes, the new energy-intensive shear wall coupling beam design and the nonlinearmechanical properties. At the same time, it also concentrates on the nonlinear seismic responseanalysis based on the MR damper energy coupling beams-frame shear wall structure, themechanism of the passive energy dissipation, the structural damage indicators and the failuremode and so on.
(1) Studying the preparation of the MR. The compression and shear mechanical propertiesof stainless steel MR specimens with various nominal densities were test under the static anddynamic loads. During the tests, the influence of several important factors, such as nominaldensity, strain amplitude, cyclic number and speed of loading and the ambient temperature,onthe mechanical behavior of MR were addressed.In order to establish a material constitutivemodel and to provide the basis for the development about the new energy-consuming devicesof the MR, several researches are conducted such as the hysteretic energy performance and thedamping mechanism.
(2) Establishing the stiffness hardening constitutive model of MR, developing materialsubroutine. The subroutine which can be used to simulate a variety of stiffness hardening constitutive relations is added to the finite element analysis ABAQUS software materiallibrary.Loading the seismic waves to the single-pole and shearwall model of MR to test theaccuracy of the subroutine.
(3) Putting forward to the conceptual design and theoretical models based on the new typeof energy-consuming coupling beam of two-way pusher-over bar MR sleeve damper. Thisresearch take12-storey reinforced concrete coupled shear wall and18-storey reinforcedconcrete frame shear walls for example, the coupling beams connecting wall limbs are split inthe middle, and the dampers are installed between the ends of the two cantilevers. Then therelative flexural deformation of the wall limbs is transferred to the ends of coupling beams andthen to the MR dampers. Establishing a high precision and high computational efficiency finiteelement model based on ABAQUS software. It conducts intensive research for the differentparameters of the MR damper coupling beam-shear wall's nonlinear seismic responsesimulation analysis. Analytical results indicate that the displacement and acceleration responsesof the shear wall structure with MR dampers are reduced remarkably.
(4) Researching on the seismic failure mode of the new type of energy-consumingcoupling beam-frame shear wall of MR damper. Quantify the failure mode with damage indexof whole structure, studying the influences on the structure's failure mode and theenergy-consuming distribution under different parameters of MR damper. Analytical resultsindicate that the appropriate parameters of MR damper can make the failure mode of structuremore reasonable.
This paper which comes up with a new way of seismic resistance to the shear wallstructure has great theoretical significance.
引文
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