压力管道泄漏信号的提取、通讯及分析
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摘要
本文重点研究了如何提取和分析压力管道的泄漏信号，以及对提取系统的软硬件实现和泄漏信号分析法的提出。硬件有无线采集和有线存储两套小型化数据采集系统。无线采集系统体积小、重量轻，使用方便，可以进行实时采集和监控。有线存储系统体积小，可靠性高，存储量大，可存储8M位的数据。软件部分使用汇编语言和C语言相集合的软件开发。
信号分析时，使用维纳滤波对信号进行隔离分析。并提出和实现了能量统计法分类信号达到定位信号的方法。
结果通过两套采集系统可以有效的采集到微弱的泄漏信号，通过使用有效的信号分析法，能够有效的分析泄漏信号和定位漏点，得到了实质性的结果。
With the development of science and technology, how to save limited resource become more and more important. But, every day millions of tons of water are leaking in the world. So this thesis mainly discussed how to get micro-leaking-signal from pipeline and how to transmit these signal from collecting place to base-station with wireless way, or, how to store and transfer these signal from memory to computer.
My main work in this thesis is designing and making emitting-receiving equipment, which consists of three parts, (1) Signal pre-amplifying and conditioning circuit is used to filtering noise and amplifying the micro-leaking- signals. (2) Signal processing circuit based on single-chip is used to convert the analog signals, which have been amplified to digital signals. (3) Signal emitting and receiving circuit is to transfer signal from leaking place to computer.
The micro-system is small and light, which can emitting and receiving the signal in 100 meters, at the same time, it can store signals first and transfer them to computer when you want to analyze them. So, It can be used widely. Through experiment It have been proved to be accurate and convenience.
Finally, we discussed the way of dealing with micro-leaking-signal as to fine a way to locate the leaking place accurately.
At the same time, I analyze these signals with weina filter and energy statistics in order to locate the leaking point.
信号分析时，使用维纳滤波对信号进行隔离分析。并提出和实现了能量统计法分类信号达到定位信号的方法。
结果通过两套采集系统可以有效的采集到微弱的泄漏信号，通过使用有效的信号分析法，能够有效的分析泄漏信号和定位漏点，得到了实质性的结果。
With the development of science and technology, how to save limited resource become more and more important. But, every day millions of tons of water are leaking in the world. So this thesis mainly discussed how to get micro-leaking-signal from pipeline and how to transmit these signal from collecting place to base-station with wireless way, or, how to store and transfer these signal from memory to computer.
My main work in this thesis is designing and making emitting-receiving equipment, which consists of three parts, (1) Signal pre-amplifying and conditioning circuit is used to filtering noise and amplifying the micro-leaking- signals. (2) Signal processing circuit based on single-chip is used to convert the analog signals, which have been amplified to digital signals. (3) Signal emitting and receiving circuit is to transfer signal from leaking place to computer.
The micro-system is small and light, which can emitting and receiving the signal in 100 meters, at the same time, it can store signals first and transfer them to computer when you want to analyze them. So, It can be used widely. Through experiment It have been proved to be accurate and convenience.
Finally, we discussed the way of dealing with micro-leaking-signal as to fine a way to locate the leaking place accurately.
At the same time, I analyze these signals with weina filter and energy statistics in order to locate the leaking point.
引文
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2 聂伟荣．多传感器探测与控制网络技术——地面运动目标震动信号探测与识别．南京理工大学博士论文．2001(6)
3 杨亦春．反直升机智能雷弹声复合技术——时沿估计、目标定位和识别及系统设计．南京理工大学博士论文．2000(4)
4 王志坚．自动跟踪滤波器．南京：南京师范大学学报．1997
5 裴巧玲．电子测量中的电磁干扰及抑制方法．郑州：测量技术．1999(3)
6 吴小培、詹长安．采用独立分量分析法消除信号中的工频干扰．合肥：中国科学技术大学学报．2000(6)
7 翟安连．一种自适应抑制干扰的方法．武汉：华中理工大学．1999(6)
8 程健、陈明．无线通讯领域中的空时编码技术．南京：电路与系统学报．2002(7)
9 肖东亮，孙红．信源-信道联合编码技术在移动通讯中的运用．武汉：武汉大学学报：理学报．2002(1)
10 易波、郭相辉．纠错编码在无线通讯在中的运用．长沙：湖南通讯技术．1998(1)
11 侯建华．正交性原理及其在维纳滤波中的应用．武汉：武汉纺织工学院学报 1997(6)
12 朱奇．采用两级维纳滤波器的消噪系统．南京：南京理工大学学报．1997(21-4)
13 吴景叠．单片机与数模转换器的接口．电子世界．2001(5)
12 欧青立．微机接口电路设计及优化．计算机测量与控制．1999(7)
13 张朝辉．单片机与PC机的串行通讯方法．电脑学习．1998
14 熊艳．一种低信噪比条件下点目标检测方法．电子学报．1996(41-45)
15 郑继明．小波分析在油气田地球物理勘探中的应用．重庆大学学报．1996(44～53)
16 戴逸松．微弱信号检测方法及仪器．北京：国防工业出版社，1994
17 王光泰等．多传感器信息最优融合．电子科技大学学报．1998(112～117)
18 宋建国．AVR单片机原理及应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1998
19 黄振华、吴成一．模式识别原理．浙江：浙江大学出版社，1991
20 边肇琪．模式识别．北京：清华大学出版社
21 胡广书．数字信号处理——理论、算法和实现．北京：清华大学出版社
22 张贤达．现代信号处理．北京：清华大学出版社，1995
23 黄俊钦．随机信号处理．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1990
24 王宏禹．随机数字信号处理．北京：科学出版社，1998
25 王世一．数字信号处理．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1986
26 S．M．凯依．现代谱估计——原理与应用．北京：科学出版社
27 刘国岁．随机信号理论与应用．北京：兵器工业出版社，1992
28 A．V．奥本海姆、R．W．谢弗．离散时间信号处理．北京：科学出版社，1998．7
29 林嘉锐．模拟高频电子电路．北京：科学技术文献出版社，1986
30 斯蒂芬．接收系统设计．北京：宇航出版社，1991．7
31 李正廉、王钢．遥测遥控技术．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1995
32 王新梅．纠错码与差错控制．北京：人民邮电出版社．1998
33 张林娜．传感器及检测技术．北京：中国计量出版社．1999
34 罗登(美)．数字通讯系统的设计．北京：宇航出版社．1993
35 李永敏．检测仪器电子电路．西安：西北工业大学出版社，1996
36 lesmeze．充液管道系统中振动方式的分析．Transme．J．Fluidsfngin．1990
37 S.Y.Mui etc. A flexible intrusion detection and early warning system. SPIE. 3081: 30～41
38 Lander. et al. Method for detecting leaks in pipelines. United States Patent. 1999
39 Farmer. Method for locating leaks in a fluid pipeline and apparatus therefore. United States Patent. 1993
40 Saitoh, et al.. Water-leakage detecting apparatus and method which are little influenced by noise. 1990
41 Montgomery. Pipeline leak detector. United States Patent. 1998
42 Russo. Underground conduit defect localization. United States Patent. 1998
43 Kurisu. Pipeline breakage sensing system and sensing method. United States Patent. 1998
44 Anway. Method and apparatus for detecting and locating fluid leaks. United States Patent. 1998
45 F.JTAYLOR. Digital Filter Design Hand book. Marcel Dekker Inc.1998
46 Dickey; Joseph W. Acoustic leak detector. United States Patent. 1982
47 I.F. Blake and W.C. Lindsey. Level-crossings Problem for Random Processes. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. IT-19
48 Bseisu, et al. Acoustic vibration detection of fluid leakage from conduits. United States Patent. 1991
49 Farstad, et al. Apparatus and process for measuring the magnitude of leaks. United States Patent. 1994
50 Fukuda. Apparatus for estimating locality of leaking spot in pipeline. United States Patent. 1981
2 聂伟荣．多传感器探测与控制网络技术——地面运动目标震动信号探测与识别．南京理工大学博士论文．2001(6)
3 杨亦春．反直升机智能雷弹声复合技术——时沿估计、目标定位和识别及系统设计．南京理工大学博士论文．2000(4)
4 王志坚．自动跟踪滤波器．南京：南京师范大学学报．1997
5 裴巧玲．电子测量中的电磁干扰及抑制方法．郑州：测量技术．1999(3)
6 吴小培、詹长安．采用独立分量分析法消除信号中的工频干扰．合肥：中国科学技术大学学报．2000(6)
7 翟安连．一种自适应抑制干扰的方法．武汉：华中理工大学．1999(6)
8 程健、陈明．无线通讯领域中的空时编码技术．南京：电路与系统学报．2002(7)
9 肖东亮，孙红．信源-信道联合编码技术在移动通讯中的运用．武汉：武汉大学学报：理学报．2002(1)
10 易波、郭相辉．纠错编码在无线通讯在中的运用．长沙：湖南通讯技术．1998(1)
11 侯建华．正交性原理及其在维纳滤波中的应用．武汉：武汉纺织工学院学报 1997(6)
12 朱奇．采用两级维纳滤波器的消噪系统．南京：南京理工大学学报．1997(21-4)
13 吴景叠．单片机与数模转换器的接口．电子世界．2001(5)
12 欧青立．微机接口电路设计及优化．计算机测量与控制．1999(7)
13 张朝辉．单片机与PC机的串行通讯方法．电脑学习．1998
14 熊艳．一种低信噪比条件下点目标检测方法．电子学报．1996(41-45)
15 郑继明．小波分析在油气田地球物理勘探中的应用．重庆大学学报．1996(44～53)
16 戴逸松．微弱信号检测方法及仪器．北京：国防工业出版社，1994
17 王光泰等．多传感器信息最优融合．电子科技大学学报．1998(112～117)
18 宋建国．AVR单片机原理及应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1998
19 黄振华、吴成一．模式识别原理．浙江：浙江大学出版社，1991
20 边肇琪．模式识别．北京：清华大学出版社
21 胡广书．数字信号处理——理论、算法和实现．北京：清华大学出版社
22 张贤达．现代信号处理．北京：清华大学出版社，1995
23 黄俊钦．随机信号处理．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1990
24 王宏禹．随机数字信号处理．北京：科学出版社，1998
25 王世一．数字信号处理．北京：北京理工大学出版社，1986
26 S．M．凯依．现代谱估计——原理与应用．北京：科学出版社
27 刘国岁．随机信号理论与应用．北京：兵器工业出版社，1992
28 A．V．奥本海姆、R．W．谢弗．离散时间信号处理．北京：科学出版社，1998．7
29 林嘉锐．模拟高频电子电路．北京：科学技术文献出版社，1986
30 斯蒂芬．接收系统设计．北京：宇航出版社，1991．7
31 李正廉、王钢．遥测遥控技术．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1995
32 王新梅．纠错码与差错控制．北京：人民邮电出版社．1998
33 张林娜．传感器及检测技术．北京：中国计量出版社．1999
34 罗登(美)．数字通讯系统的设计．北京：宇航出版社．1993
35 李永敏．检测仪器电子电路．西安：西北工业大学出版社，1996
36 lesmeze．充液管道系统中振动方式的分析．Transme．J．Fluidsfngin．1990
37 S.Y.Mui etc. A flexible intrusion detection and early warning system. SPIE. 3081: 30～41
38 Lander. et al. Method for detecting leaks in pipelines. United States Patent. 1999
39 Farmer. Method for locating leaks in a fluid pipeline and apparatus therefore. United States Patent. 1993
40 Saitoh, et al.. Water-leakage detecting apparatus and method which are little influenced by noise. 1990
41 Montgomery. Pipeline leak detector. United States Patent. 1998
42 Russo. Underground conduit defect localization. United States Patent. 1998
43 Kurisu. Pipeline breakage sensing system and sensing method. United States Patent. 1998
44 Anway. Method and apparatus for detecting and locating fluid leaks. United States Patent. 1998
45 F.JTAYLOR. Digital Filter Design Hand book. Marcel Dekker Inc.1998
46 Dickey; Joseph W. Acoustic leak detector. United States Patent. 1982
47 I.F. Blake and W.C. Lindsey. Level-crossings Problem for Random Processes. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol. IT-19
48 Bseisu, et al. Acoustic vibration detection of fluid leakage from conduits. United States Patent. 1991
49 Farstad, et al. Apparatus and process for measuring the magnitude of leaks. United States Patent. 1994
50 Fukuda. Apparatus for estimating locality of leaking spot in pipeline. United States Patent. 1981