自动售票机整机结构的有限元分析与优化设计
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摘要
本文主要针对自动售票机整机结构进行了有限元计算分析以及结构优化设计。根据自动售票机的结构特点以及工作环境,建立了有限元分析模型,完成了前开门结构自动售票机的静力学、拓扑优化、模态、瞬态和频率响应等方面的研究,提出了改进方案。主要研究内容和成果包括:
1)根据自动售票机的实际模型和有限元理论,对自动售票机前门、铰链、机身等结构进行了必要的处理,并运用Hypemesh软件建立了详细的有限元模型。
2)对自动售票机进行了静态分析,获得了关键部位的应力应变数据。根据结构的分析结果和实际生产情况,提出了几点具有实际工程应用的建议,使前门最大下沉位移减小50%左右。
3)采用优化软件Optistruct,对自动售票机前门框架和设备支架进行了以质量为目标函数的拓扑优化设计,质量分别减少21.6%和13%。
4)对自动售票机进行结构力学模型的模态分析,获得了其固有频率和振型,同时提出了对模型的改进方案,避免自动售票机在地铁运行时出现共振现象。
5)对自动售票机在地铁站的振动和冲击条件下的瞬态响应和频率响应进行了计算分析,获得自动售票机位移和应力的时间历程以及位移和加速度的频率响应曲线。
The structure of TVM(Ticket Vending Machine) has been researched by finite element method and structure optimization design in this thesis.Based on the characteristics and working conditions of TVM with front door, the finite element model is constructed, the static analysis, topology optimization, modal analysis, transient response analysis and frequency response analysis of the model are carried out with FEA method. Then improved design is put forward.The main research contents and results are as follows:
1) According to the real model of TVM and the theory of finite element, the solid model has been logically simplified, including front door, hinge, body and rear door, then the complex structure are modeled by software HyperMesh.
2) The static analysis of TVM is accomplished to obtain stress and displacement parameters of the key parts. Based on the results of analysis and the real production condition, some useful suggestions are proposed to reduce the displacement of front door by 50%.
3) Topology optimization of the front door frame and equipment bracket is analyzed in order to lighten the weight by optimization software Optistruct, Comparing with its quality before and after optimization, the conclusion indicates that the weight of frame and bracket have decreased by 21.6% and 13% respectively.
4) Natural frequency and vibrancy are retrieved by modal analysis of structure, then in light of the data from the above analysis, the structure is modified, and the phenomenon of resonance of TVM is avoided successfully under the running condition.of subway.
5) Transient response analysis and frequency response analysis of TVM are conducted under the condition of vibration and impact of subway station, the stress-time and displacement-time history and frequency response curve of displacement and acceleration are evaluated.
1)根据自动售票机的实际模型和有限元理论,对自动售票机前门、铰链、机身等结构进行了必要的处理,并运用Hypemesh软件建立了详细的有限元模型。
2)对自动售票机进行了静态分析,获得了关键部位的应力应变数据。根据结构的分析结果和实际生产情况,提出了几点具有实际工程应用的建议,使前门最大下沉位移减小50%左右。
3)采用优化软件Optistruct,对自动售票机前门框架和设备支架进行了以质量为目标函数的拓扑优化设计,质量分别减少21.6%和13%。
4)对自动售票机进行结构力学模型的模态分析,获得了其固有频率和振型,同时提出了对模型的改进方案,避免自动售票机在地铁运行时出现共振现象。
5)对自动售票机在地铁站的振动和冲击条件下的瞬态响应和频率响应进行了计算分析,获得自动售票机位移和应力的时间历程以及位移和加速度的频率响应曲线。
The structure of TVM(Ticket Vending Machine) has been researched by finite element method and structure optimization design in this thesis.Based on the characteristics and working conditions of TVM with front door, the finite element model is constructed, the static analysis, topology optimization, modal analysis, transient response analysis and frequency response analysis of the model are carried out with FEA method. Then improved design is put forward.The main research contents and results are as follows:
1) According to the real model of TVM and the theory of finite element, the solid model has been logically simplified, including front door, hinge, body and rear door, then the complex structure are modeled by software HyperMesh.
2) The static analysis of TVM is accomplished to obtain stress and displacement parameters of the key parts. Based on the results of analysis and the real production condition, some useful suggestions are proposed to reduce the displacement of front door by 50%.
3) Topology optimization of the front door frame and equipment bracket is analyzed in order to lighten the weight by optimization software Optistruct, Comparing with its quality before and after optimization, the conclusion indicates that the weight of frame and bracket have decreased by 21.6% and 13% respectively.
4) Natural frequency and vibrancy are retrieved by modal analysis of structure, then in light of the data from the above analysis, the structure is modified, and the phenomenon of resonance of TVM is avoided successfully under the running condition.of subway.
5) Transient response analysis and frequency response analysis of TVM are conducted under the condition of vibration and impact of subway station, the stress-time and displacement-time history and frequency response curve of displacement and acceleration are evaluated.
引文
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[4]吴石林,王兴波.钣金件模态分析及设计优化.计算机及应用.2003.8.3(1):1-3
[5]叶志明,刘红欣.国外几种大型微机有限元分析系统(FEAS)简介.计算力学学报.1997.2.1(14):103-107
[6]王助成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.35-46
[7]汤文成.机械结构件拓扑优化设计的研究.[博士学位论文].东南大学.2003
[8]钟志华.汽车耐撞性分析的有限元法.汽车工程,1994,16(1)
[9]郝琪,张继伟.基于数值模拟的轿车车门静态性能综合评价及模态分析.机械设计与制造,2008.11,11:247-250
[10]Toshiaki Sakurai and Hiroyuki Ono.The stiffness of Automobile outer panel.SAE 871294
[11]Shigetaro Yahata.Analysis of Stiffness of Truck Door Panel Effective Arrangement of Stiffeners for Improving Stiffness.SAE 952678
[12]Ellis J.R.Model of the semi-trailer vehicle includeing roll models.IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Symposium Record Zeitlinger,1978:184-202
[13]Luque P,Mantaras D.A.Pneumatic suspensions in semi-trailers.Heavy Vehicle Systems.2003(10):309-320
[14]Novak A.J,Nowak J.W,Larson C.S.Computer simulation of semi-trailer haul track roll-over dynamics.Society of Automotive Engineers,1990:491-497
[15]万德安,赵建才.轿车车门刚度有限元分析及结构优化.汽车工程,2001,6(23):385-388
[16]戴超,梁继辉.轿车车身强度的有限元分析.中国工程机械学报,2008.12.4(6):455-468
[17]朱茂桃,何志刚,王甫新.大客车车身结构强度及刚度分析.轻型汽车技术,2006(5):8-11
[18]袁根旺,张润生.框架式电动车车身结构的有限元分析.天津汽车,2008(1):23-27
[19]汪树玉,刘国华,包志仁.结构优化设计的现状与展望.基建优化.1999,(4):3-14
[20]周克民,李俊峰,李霞.结构拓扑优化研究方法综述.力学进展.2005,(1):69-76
[21]程耿东、张东旭,受应力约束的平面弹性体的拓扑优化.大连理工大学学报,1995
[22]Yang,R.J,Chuang,C.H,Optimal topology design using linear programming,Computers and Structures,1994
[23]Reed C,Applications of OptiStruct Optimization to Body in White Design,Altair Engineering Ltd.,2002
[24]Krog L.,Tucker A..Topology Optimization of Aircraft Wing Box Ribs.American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2005:1-10
[25]Krog L.,Tucker A.,Rollema,G.,"Application of Topology,Sizing and Shape optimization Methods to Optimal Design of Aircraft Components" in proceedings of 3rd Altair UK HyperWorks Users Conference",2002.
[26]Bends(?)e M.P.,Kikuchi,N.,"Generating Optimal Topologies in Structural Design using a Homogenization Method",Computer Methods in Applied Mechanical Engineering,Vol.71,1998,pp.,197-224
[27]Maute,K.,and Allen,M.,"Conceptual Design of Aeroelastic Structures by Topology Optimization," Struct.Multidisc.Optim.,Vol.27,2004,pp.27-42.
[28]吴铭,陈仙风.拓扑优化技术在汽车零部件设计中的应用.计算机辅助工程.2006.9.增刊(15):177-179
[29]李学修.轻卡车身模态分析及其结构优化.硕士学位论文.上海:上海交通大学,
[30]刘杨.电动观光车车架结构分析与优化设计.硕士学位论文.吉林:吉林大学
[31]徐伟.工程车辆车架的拓扑优化与减重设计.硕士学位论文.南京:南京理工大学
[32]范守哲.YQ-1型轿车行李箱内板拓扑优化分析.硕士学位论文.吉林:吉林大学
[33]张令弥.动态测试技术的发展系列讲座.振动与冲击.1998年3月
[34]Hyeung-Yun Kim.Structural Dynamic System Reconstruction Method for Vibrating Structures Journal of Dynamic Systems,Measurement,and Control DECEMBER 2003,Vol.125
[35]Douglas E.Adams Professor,Discrete Frequency Models:A New Approach to Temporal Analysis Journal of Vibration and Acoustics JANUARY 2001,Vol.123
[36]H.Dwell and D.TangJ.Appl.Mech.Multiscale,Multiphenomena Modeling and Simulation at the Nanoscale:On Constructing Reduced-Order Models for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems With Many Degrees-of-Freedom.70,328(2003)
[37]Karube,S.(Dept.of Mech.Systems Engineering,Faculty of Engineering,Utsunomiya University);Hoshino,W.;Soutome;The non-linear phenomena in vibration cutting system—The establishment of dynamic model.K.Source:International Journal of N on-Linear Mechanics,v37,n3,April,2001,p541-564
[38]G.Fichera,M.Lacagnina.Modeling of Torsion Beam Rear Suspension by Using Multibody Method.Multibody System Dynamics,2005,12(4):302-316.
[39]Deren Ma,Hamid M.Lankarani.A nonlinear finite-element approach for kineto-static analysis of multibody systems.Nonlinear Dynamics,1995,8:237-250.
[40]Eugenio Brusa and Mauro Velardocchia,Modelling Vehicle Dynamics for Virtual Experimentation,Road Test Supporting and Dynamic Control,SAE technical paper series 2002-01-0815
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