黄土强度特性及节理对黄土高边坡稳定的影响研究
摘要
在西部地区修建铁路时会遇到黄土,人们已经对黄土的工程性质作了一些研究,对黄土的湿陷性、结构性都已有了一些结论。本文主要研究在修建铁路时影响黄土路堑高边坡稳定的因素。对当前工程设计中无法考虑的一些影响黄土高边坡稳定的因素的影响规律进行了研究。主要内容包括了黄土的强度特性及其工程性质,对黄土结构强度随含水量变化的规律进行了研究,对现有的黄土边坡稳定性分析方法,失稳特征进行了总结,对影响黄土边坡稳定性的因素进行了概述,并针对节理对边坡稳定性的影响进行了研究。常用的圆弧滑动法无法充分合理地考虑这些影响因素,数值分析方法能考虑其中的一些影响因素,flac是一个有限差分数值计算程序,特别适合于岩土工程大变形问题,有很多针对于岩土的本构模型,并能支持用户自编本构模型,本文用flac2D软件计算了土的强度参数变化对边坡稳定的影响规律,研究了边坡形状坡角坡高变化对边坡稳定的影响规律。探讨了黄土中的节理倾角对边坡稳定的影响规律。发现黄土中斜节理对边坡稳定的影响要比垂直节理影响大。并分析了分步开挖边坡典型位置的剪应力变化规律,以及边坡节理和施加锚索对剪应力变化的影响。同时由于黄土具有明显的结构强度,因此需要在计算中考虑黄土的结构强度。现在针对结构性土的本构模型已经有了一些成果,本文依据沈珠江提出的结构性粘土的堆砌体模型,用flac软件中的fish语言编写了这一模型的本构模型。但是该模型还不能考虑含水量对黄土结构性的影响,需要进一步研究如何构建考虑这一影响因素的本构模型。
Nowadays there are many railways being constructed in the west, we should deal with loess in these projects. We have already done some research about the engineering property of loess; we have already known something about collapsibility, structure strength of loess. This paper mainly discus the factors affect the loess soil slope stability and how these factors exert their influence, however most of these factors can not be taken into consideration of in the project design during the construction of the railways in the west. The chief content are the strength property and engineering characteristic of loess, the research of the relationship between the structure strength and the water content of loess soil, summarize the existing method dealing with the loess soil slope stability and the characteristic of slope collapse, generalize the factors that affect the loess soil slope stability, research the effect of joint on the slope stability. The frequently used method of slope stability analysis is circular arc slide method, this method can not consider these above factors, numerical analysis can consider some of these factors, flac is a limited difference numerical process, it is most adaptable to large strain geo-engineering project, it has many constitutive model about soil and rock, it supports the user written constitutive model, this paper calculate the effect of strength parameter variation on the slope stability using flac2D, research the effect of alteration of slope configuration such as slope angle slope height on the slope stability. Examine the effect of joint angle on the slope stability. The result is that the large angle joint has a lower effect on the slope stability than the small angle joint, and analyze the shear stress in the representative zone along with the sub step excavation, calculate the rule when the slope have joint and the application of anchorage cable. Because of the obvious structure strength of loess; we should take into consideration of the structural strength of loess in the calculation. There has already some result of constitutive model about structure clay, this paper refers to the constitutive model capable to describe the damage of soil structure introduced by Shen Zhu-jiang, redact the process of this constitutive model using the fish language of flac. This model can not consider the effect of water content on the slope stability, we need to make some improvements to introduce a constitutive model that can consider this factor.
Nowadays there are many railways being constructed in the west, we should deal with loess in these projects. We have already done some research about the engineering property of loess; we have already known something about collapsibility, structure strength of loess. This paper mainly discus the factors affect the loess soil slope stability and how these factors exert their influence, however most of these factors can not be taken into consideration of in the project design during the construction of the railways in the west. The chief content are the strength property and engineering characteristic of loess, the research of the relationship between the structure strength and the water content of loess soil, summarize the existing method dealing with the loess soil slope stability and the characteristic of slope collapse, generalize the factors that affect the loess soil slope stability, research the effect of joint on the slope stability. The frequently used method of slope stability analysis is circular arc slide method, this method can not consider these above factors, numerical analysis can consider some of these factors, flac is a limited difference numerical process, it is most adaptable to large strain geo-engineering project, it has many constitutive model about soil and rock, it supports the user written constitutive model, this paper calculate the effect of strength parameter variation on the slope stability using flac2D, research the effect of alteration of slope configuration such as slope angle slope height on the slope stability. Examine the effect of joint angle on the slope stability. The result is that the large angle joint has a lower effect on the slope stability than the small angle joint, and analyze the shear stress in the representative zone along with the sub step excavation, calculate the rule when the slope have joint and the application of anchorage cable. Because of the obvious structure strength of loess; we should take into consideration of the structural strength of loess in the calculation. There has already some result of constitutive model about structure clay, this paper refers to the constitutive model capable to describe the damage of soil structure introduced by Shen Zhu-jiang, redact the process of this constitutive model using the fish language of flac. This model can not consider the effect of water content on the slope stability, we need to make some improvements to introduce a constitutive model that can consider this factor.
引文
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[3]寇晓东,周维垣,杨若琼,FLAC-3D进行三峡船闸高边坡稳定分析,岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):6~10
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[10]李向全,胡瑞林,张莉粘性土固结过程中的微结构效应研究[J],岩土工程技术,1999,(3):52~56
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[17]沈珠江,应变软化材料的广义孔隙压力模型,岩土工程学报, 19 (3),1997,14~20
[18]沈珠江,A granular medium model for liquefaction analysis of sands.岩土学程学报,1999,21(6):742-748
[19]沈珠江,结构性粘土的堆砌体模型,岩土力学,2000, 21(1):1~4
[20]赵锡宏,孙红,罗冠威,损伤土力学,上海,同济大学出版社,2000
[21]Morgenstern N R, Tchalenko J S(1967). Microscopic structures in kaolin subjected todirect shear. Geotechnique,35(2):127~143
[22]Barden L(1971).Examples of clay structure and its influence on engineering behavior,stress and strain behavior of soil,edited by R.H.G.Pany,Proceedings of the Roscoememorial symposium, Cambridge University:195~205
[23]Lade P V ,Duncan J M (1975).Elastoplastic Stress-strain Theory for Cohesionless soil.Proc.ASCE,101(GT10)
[24]周成,结构性土的本构描述与数值模拟:[硕士学位论文],南京,南京水利科学研究院,2002
[25]Duncan,J.M.,Byrne P.,Wong K S.and Mabry P.Strength,Stress-strain and Bulk Modulus Parameters for Finite Element Analysis of Stresses and Movements in Soil Masses .Report No. UCB/CT/80-01.1980.
[26]Naylor DJ.Stress-strain Law for Soils .In Development in Soil Mechanics,Edited by C R Scott., 1978
[27]Al-shawaf T and Powell G H. Variable Modulus Model for Nonlinear Analyais of Soils.In:Symp.on Application of Computer Methods in Enging,1977.1:423.
[28]马健,粘性土坡破坏机制及FLAC数值模拟:[硕士学位论文],上海,同济大学,2006
[29]李永刚,基质吸力对黄土边坡稳定性及基坑支护计算的影响:[硕士学位论文],西安,西安建筑科技大学,2005
[30]李如梦,考虑结构性的黄土弹塑性本构关系探讨:[硕士学位论文],兰州,兰州理工大学,2005
[31]殷宗泽,周健,赵仲辉,袁俊平,张坤勇,非饱和土本构关系及变形计算,岩土工程学报,2006,28(2):137~146
[32]陈铁林,结构性粘土本构模型与参数测定研究,[硕士学位论文],南京,南京水利科学研究院,2001
[33]乔平定,李增钧,黄土地区工程地质
[34]冯连昌,郑晏武,中国湿陷性黄土
[35]刘东生,黄土的物质成分和结构,北京,科学出版社,1966
[36]钱家欢,殷宗泽,土工原理与计算(第二版),北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996
[37]陈善蕴,卢肇钧院士科技论文选集,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1977
[38]钱鸿缙,湿陷性黄土地基
[39]骆亚生,谢定义,邵生俊,非饱和黄土的结构变化特性,西北农林科技大学学报,2004,32(8):114~118
[40]党进谦,非饱和黄土的结构强度及其作用,西北农业大学学报,1998,26(5):48~51
[41]胡宇庭,穆兰,王朝阳,非饱和黄土的结构强度特征研究,石家庄铁路职业技术学院学报,2005,4(1):27~30
[42]胡再强,沈珠江,谢定义,非饱和黄土的结构性研究,岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):775~779
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