我国优秀花样滑冰运动员康复性体能训练特点的研究
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摘要
“康复性体能训练”是一个较新的训练理念,是康复训练和体能训练的有机结合。基于目前国内运动康复研究的现状,由于康复性体能训练涉及较为复杂的专业背景且概念提出的时间相对较短,相关研究报道极少。本文以我国优秀花样滑冰运动员的康复性体能训练为研究对象,进行了较为系统的研究。
对我国优秀花样滑冰运动员进行为期一年的运动损伤调查研究,结果发现：1)我国优秀花样滑冰运动员全年发生运动损伤67起,3.35起/人；男运动员42起,3.82起/人；女运动员25起,2.78起/人。损伤发生频率为2.48起/1000训练小时,男运动员为2.78起/1000训练小时,女运动员为2.10起/1000训练小时；2)运动损伤主要是慢性损伤,以轻伤和中等损伤为主,损伤主要集中在下肢,腰背部和膝部是损伤的多发部位；3)运动损伤在九月发生最多,七月、八月、九月是全年损伤发生最多的一段时期。
对我国优秀花样滑冰运动员的基础体能特点进行研究,结果发现：1)我国优秀花样滑冰运动员左右侧髋关节和膝关节力量、躯干左右侧旋转力量较为均衡,膝关节屈伸肌力量和伸肌力量的差距较大；2)我国优秀花样滑冰运动员平衡能力较为均衡,视觉调节对运动员平衡能力的影响较大;3)我国优秀花样滑冰运动员的有氧运动能力不强；4)我国优秀花样滑冰运动员的短时间无氧运动能力较强,长时间无氧运动能力有待提高。
根据我国优秀花样滑冰运动员的运动损伤特点和体能特点,结合康复性体能训练的理念,本文对我国优秀花样滑冰运动员的原有陆地训练体系进行了调整与改进,提出了我国优秀花样滑冰运动员的康复性体能训练方案,在理论上为花样滑冰运动员的康复性体能训练提供指导。
The "prehabilitation" training is a relatively new training concept; it's a combination of rehabilitation and conditioning training. Based on the current situation of the domestic sports rehabilitation reserch, due to the the prehabilitation training involves complex professional background, research reports are very little. This paper is a systematic study for the prehabilitation training of Chinese elite figure skaters.
A one-year sports injury research of Chinese elite figure skaters found that,1) sports injuries occured67in one year,3.35per person,42were male Athlete,3.82per men;25were female athletes,2.78per ladies. Injury frequency is2.48per1000training hours, men is2.78per1000training hours, ladies is2.10per1000training hours;2) most sports injuries were chronic injury, most injuries were mild and moderate, injury mainly concentrated in the lower extremities, lower back and knee were high-incidence site;3) sports injuries occurred highest-incidence in September, July, August and September were a high-incidence period in the whole year.
A base-conditioning research of Chinese elite figure skaters found that,1) The skaters'strength of hip and knee, left and right rotating strength of torso were balanceable, there is a big gap in knee flexion between extension strength;2) The skaters'balance ability was symmetrical, visual influence powerful in regulating;3) The aerobic capacity of figure skaters is not strong;4) The short-time anaerobic capacity of figure skaters is strong, and the long-time anaerobic capacity needs to be improved.
Based on the characteristics of Chinese elite figure skaters'sports injuries and conditioning, combined with the concept of the prehabilitation training, off-ice training system was adjusted and improved in this study, and the prehabilitation training project was built. The pattern could provide guidance in theory for figure skaters' prehabilitation training.
对我国优秀花样滑冰运动员进行为期一年的运动损伤调查研究,结果发现：1)我国优秀花样滑冰运动员全年发生运动损伤67起,3.35起/人；男运动员42起,3.82起/人；女运动员25起,2.78起/人。损伤发生频率为2.48起/1000训练小时,男运动员为2.78起/1000训练小时,女运动员为2.10起/1000训练小时；2)运动损伤主要是慢性损伤,以轻伤和中等损伤为主,损伤主要集中在下肢,腰背部和膝部是损伤的多发部位；3)运动损伤在九月发生最多,七月、八月、九月是全年损伤发生最多的一段时期。
对我国优秀花样滑冰运动员的基础体能特点进行研究,结果发现：1)我国优秀花样滑冰运动员左右侧髋关节和膝关节力量、躯干左右侧旋转力量较为均衡,膝关节屈伸肌力量和伸肌力量的差距较大；2)我国优秀花样滑冰运动员平衡能力较为均衡,视觉调节对运动员平衡能力的影响较大;3)我国优秀花样滑冰运动员的有氧运动能力不强；4)我国优秀花样滑冰运动员的短时间无氧运动能力较强,长时间无氧运动能力有待提高。
根据我国优秀花样滑冰运动员的运动损伤特点和体能特点,结合康复性体能训练的理念,本文对我国优秀花样滑冰运动员的原有陆地训练体系进行了调整与改进,提出了我国优秀花样滑冰运动员的康复性体能训练方案,在理论上为花样滑冰运动员的康复性体能训练提供指导。
The "prehabilitation" training is a relatively new training concept; it's a combination of rehabilitation and conditioning training. Based on the current situation of the domestic sports rehabilitation reserch, due to the the prehabilitation training involves complex professional background, research reports are very little. This paper is a systematic study for the prehabilitation training of Chinese elite figure skaters.
A one-year sports injury research of Chinese elite figure skaters found that,1) sports injuries occured67in one year,3.35per person,42were male Athlete,3.82per men;25were female athletes,2.78per ladies. Injury frequency is2.48per1000training hours, men is2.78per1000training hours, ladies is2.10per1000training hours;2) most sports injuries were chronic injury, most injuries were mild and moderate, injury mainly concentrated in the lower extremities, lower back and knee were high-incidence site;3) sports injuries occurred highest-incidence in September, July, August and September were a high-incidence period in the whole year.
A base-conditioning research of Chinese elite figure skaters found that,1) The skaters'strength of hip and knee, left and right rotating strength of torso were balanceable, there is a big gap in knee flexion between extension strength;2) The skaters'balance ability was symmetrical, visual influence powerful in regulating;3) The aerobic capacity of figure skaters is not strong;4) The short-time anaerobic capacity of figure skaters is strong, and the long-time anaerobic capacity needs to be improved.
Based on the characteristics of Chinese elite figure skaters'sports injuries and conditioning, combined with the concept of the prehabilitation training, off-ice training system was adjusted and improved in this study, and the prehabilitation training project was built. The pattern could provide guidance in theory for figure skaters' prehabilitation training.
引文
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