动力及静力性肌肉收缩疲劳前后肌电及脑电参数的变化特征
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摘要
目的:研究人体股外侧肌静力性与动力性运动疲劳下的肌电和脑电变化规律,通过与对不同方式运动时肌电疲劳阈拐点的比较,找出肌电参数与脑电的关系,为脑电用于疲劳产生机制的研究打下基础,并为康复中肌肉锻炼方式的选择提供可能的理论依据。
方法:选取武汉体育学院研究生20名,其中体育专业10名,非体育专业10名,分三天测试,第一天随机抽取受试者作最大肌力MVC测试和动力性运动,按实验测得的疲劳阈拐点出现的早晚划分早晚各10名定为A组(晚)和B组(早)进行比较,第二天对两组测试静力性运动2/3MVC负荷,第三天对两组测试静力性运动1/3MVC负荷。实验做到疲劳结束,记录受试者肌电和脑电信号。
结果:动力性运动后按疲劳阈拐点分的A、B两组与受试者锻炼情况基本一致,A组肌电疲劳阈拐点出现比B组晚,静力性运动1/3MVC负荷下运动初期RMS上升率比2/3MVC负荷大,不管1/3MVC还是2/3MVC的负荷脑电α指数上升的拐点与肌电疲劳阈吻合。静力性运动脑电α指数在疲劳阈拐点后下降,但仍保持较高水平,且A组比B组下降得快。
结论:(1)肌电疲劳阈拐点可以评价个人的运动能力(2)在康复锻炼中选择小强度负荷要比大强度负荷能达到更好的锻炼效果。(3)经常锻炼者的脑电疲劳稳定性要比不经常锻炼者好。(4)运动单位的募集导致肌肉力量改变的同时大脑皮层的活动也在发生与之相适应的变化,表明脑电拐点变化可与肌电疲劳阈结合作为检测疲劳的指标,但其生理机制还需作进一步的研究。
Objective : This article focuses on studying the changes of electromyogram and electroencephalogram for different burdens in the different modes of exercise. We find the isochronous characteristics between them and find out the exercise effect on them. We try to illuminate the relation and the mechanism for the experiment, then it may apply to the fatigue and the healing study.
Methods:We gathered 20 graduate students in Wuhan Institution of Physical Education, includes 10 students who usually take exercise and the others who have reverse condition. It took 3 days for this experiment. On 1st day we chose the subjects to complete the test of MVC and dynamic exercise, then compared the result based on group A and B partitioned by the threshold in fatigue in the electroencephalogram. On 2nd day we completed the test of static exercise with the load of 2/3 MVC. On 3rd day we completed the test of static exercise with the load of 1/3 MVC. All the tests were ended when the subjects have been tired.
Result:The groups partitioned by the threshold in fatigue are consistent with their base situation of take exercise. The inflexion of the threshold in fatigue in group A appears later than that in group B. The rise of RMS at the beginning of the static exercise with the load of 1/3MVC is higher than that of 2/3MVC. The inflexion ofαindex is the same as the threshold in fatigue in the electroencephalogram with all the burden. Theαindex is descend after the threshold in fatigue in the static exercise, but still at a high level. The speed of descend in group A is faster than that in group B.
Conclusion:(1) We can use threshold in fatigue in the electroencephalogram to evaluate the individual exercise capability. (2) We can choose less burden to obtain better effect in healing exercise. (3) The stability of electroencephalogram for the people who usually take exercise is better than that for the people who hardly take exercise. (4) The activity of pallium changes when the power of the muscle changes by motor unit, it indicates that we may combine the changes of inflexion in electroencephalogram with the threshold in fatigue. We need more study on the physiological mechanism.
方法:选取武汉体育学院研究生20名,其中体育专业10名,非体育专业10名,分三天测试,第一天随机抽取受试者作最大肌力MVC测试和动力性运动,按实验测得的疲劳阈拐点出现的早晚划分早晚各10名定为A组(晚)和B组(早)进行比较,第二天对两组测试静力性运动2/3MVC负荷,第三天对两组测试静力性运动1/3MVC负荷。实验做到疲劳结束,记录受试者肌电和脑电信号。
结果:动力性运动后按疲劳阈拐点分的A、B两组与受试者锻炼情况基本一致,A组肌电疲劳阈拐点出现比B组晚,静力性运动1/3MVC负荷下运动初期RMS上升率比2/3MVC负荷大,不管1/3MVC还是2/3MVC的负荷脑电α指数上升的拐点与肌电疲劳阈吻合。静力性运动脑电α指数在疲劳阈拐点后下降,但仍保持较高水平,且A组比B组下降得快。
结论:(1)肌电疲劳阈拐点可以评价个人的运动能力(2)在康复锻炼中选择小强度负荷要比大强度负荷能达到更好的锻炼效果。(3)经常锻炼者的脑电疲劳稳定性要比不经常锻炼者好。(4)运动单位的募集导致肌肉力量改变的同时大脑皮层的活动也在发生与之相适应的变化,表明脑电拐点变化可与肌电疲劳阈结合作为检测疲劳的指标,但其生理机制还需作进一步的研究。
Objective : This article focuses on studying the changes of electromyogram and electroencephalogram for different burdens in the different modes of exercise. We find the isochronous characteristics between them and find out the exercise effect on them. We try to illuminate the relation and the mechanism for the experiment, then it may apply to the fatigue and the healing study.
Methods:We gathered 20 graduate students in Wuhan Institution of Physical Education, includes 10 students who usually take exercise and the others who have reverse condition. It took 3 days for this experiment. On 1st day we chose the subjects to complete the test of MVC and dynamic exercise, then compared the result based on group A and B partitioned by the threshold in fatigue in the electroencephalogram. On 2nd day we completed the test of static exercise with the load of 2/3 MVC. On 3rd day we completed the test of static exercise with the load of 1/3 MVC. All the tests were ended when the subjects have been tired.
Result:The groups partitioned by the threshold in fatigue are consistent with their base situation of take exercise. The inflexion of the threshold in fatigue in group A appears later than that in group B. The rise of RMS at the beginning of the static exercise with the load of 1/3MVC is higher than that of 2/3MVC. The inflexion ofαindex is the same as the threshold in fatigue in the electroencephalogram with all the burden. Theαindex is descend after the threshold in fatigue in the static exercise, but still at a high level. The speed of descend in group A is faster than that in group B.
Conclusion:(1) We can use threshold in fatigue in the electroencephalogram to evaluate the individual exercise capability. (2) We can choose less burden to obtain better effect in healing exercise. (3) The stability of electroencephalogram for the people who usually take exercise is better than that for the people who hardly take exercise. (4) The activity of pallium changes when the power of the muscle changes by motor unit, it indicates that we may combine the changes of inflexion in electroencephalogram with the threshold in fatigue. We need more study on the physiological mechanism.
引文
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[2] 聂金雷,张勇. 运动性疲劳的肌电图特征[J]. 天津体院学报,2000,6:48-52
[3] 秦素荣. 运动员脑电图研究综述[J]. 西安体育学院学报,2003,4,55-56
[4] 刘汉扬,陈家琦,王锦雯,等. 运动生理学[M]. 北京:人民体育出版社,1990:6-30
[5] 苑廷刚,王向东,张戈. 肌电测量方法及其在体育科研中的应用[C]. 第十届全 国运动生物力学学术交流大会,石家庄,2002
[6] Winter DA.Biomechanics and motor control of human movement.2nd New York:John Wiley and Song Ltd 1990
[7] 李世明. 肌电测量技术的应用[J]. 中国临床康复, 2005年第10卷第41期,149-151
[8] 王奎,刘建红,宋刚. sEMG技术在评价运动性疲劳方面的方法及应用[J]. 安徽体育科技,2004,9:49-51.
[9] 吴纪饶,杜少武,王沪生,等. 运用积分肌电阈评定赛艇运动员有氧能力的研究[J].体育科学,1993,13(3):66-69
[10] Matsumoto T, Ito K, Moritani T. The relationship between anaerobic threshold and electromyographic fatigue threshold in college women[J]. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol , 2001, 63(1): 1-5
[11] Pavlat D, Housh T, Johnson G et al. Electromyographic responses at the neuromuscular fatigue threshold[J]. Sports Med Phys Fitness, 1995, 35(1):31-37
[12] Hiroichi M, Fujiko S, Katsuhiko T. A comparison of electrical activity in the triceps surae at maximum isometric contraction with the knee and ankle at various angles[J]. Eur J Appl Physiol, 1999, 80: 185-191
[13] Michael V, Fabio C, Carlo F. Changes in the excitability of soleus muscle short latency stretch reflexes during human hopping after 4 weeks of hopping training[J]. Eur J Appl Physiol, 1998, 78: 522-532
[14] 王笃明,王健,葛列众.肌肉疲劳的sEMG时频分析技术及其在工效学中的应用[J].航天医学与医学工程,2003,16(5):387-390
[15] 何伟,高强.不同强度运动引起血浆K+、Na+变化及其对表面肌电图的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志, 1997, 17(5):94
[16] 扬丹.等长负荷诱发肱二头肌疲劳过程中sEMG信号变化[J].体育与科学, 2000, 21(9):27-35
[17] Webber C, Schmidt M, Walsh J. Influence of isometric loading on biceps EMG dynamics as assessed by linear and nonlinear tools[J]. J Appl Physiol, 1995, 78: 814-822
[18] Delua CJ. Myoelectrical manifestation of localized muscualar fatigue in hurons. CRCCrir Rev Biomed Eng 11:251-279,1994.
[19] Chiang HC and Chen SS. The occurrence of carpal tunnel syndrome in frozen food factory employees. Kao Hsiung I Hsueh ko Hsueh Tsa Chih:73-80,1995
[20] Faulkner JA,Zerba E,and Brooks SV. Muscle temperature of mammals:cooling impams most funct,onal properties. Am J PhysJol Regulatory Integratfve Comp Physiol 259: 259-265,1990
[21] Oksa,]uha,M,chel B. Ducharme,and Hannu Rintamaki. Combfined effect of repetitive work and cold On muscle function and fatigue. J Appl Physiol 92:354-361, 2002
[22] LARS NYBO AND BODIL NIELSEN Hyperthermia and central fatigue during prolonged exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol 91:1055-1060.2001
[23] 李晋裕. 学校体育论文选集[C]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2002 年
[24] 崔玉鹏,等. 表面肌电图在人体运动研究中的应用[J]. 首都体育学院学报,2005.1:103-104,114
[25] 楼迎统.实用生理学[M]. 汇华图书出版有限公司,l998.10
[26] 周先乐.生理学[M].国立缩译馆,2000.4
[27] Mark S.Schwartz and associates Biofeedback: a practitioner’s guide New York: Guilford Press, 1995.508
[28] 张明岛,王红星. 慢性疲劳综合征患者多导睡眠图的变化[J]. 上海交通大学学报,2006,4:339-341
[29] 张镇民.优秀乒乓球运动员神经调节机能特征[J].中国运动医学杂志.1998(3):44—46
[30] 张振民,周未艾等. 中国乒乓球世界冠军运动员脑功能特征研究[J]. 中国运动医学杂志. 2002(9):452-457
[31] 壬惠民编译. 心理技能训练指南——教练员运动员使用手册[M].人民体育出版社,2005
[32] 秦索荣.运动员不同状态下的脑电图特点[J].体育学刊,2002(1):21一23
[33] 姚士硕等. 100例不同训练水平大学生安静时负荷时及疲劳时的脑电图分析对比[C]. 中国运动医学学术会议论文汇编,2001,32-33
[34] 张树栋.运动员过度训练综合症的脑电图[J].体育科技资料,1994,(18):42—52.
[35] 佟启良,杨锡让.运动生理学[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2001.
[36] 高尚仁.心理学新论[M].商务印务馆.1996.340
[37] 马启伟,张力为.体育运动心理学[M].浙江教育出版社,1998.458-467
[38] 王俊明,季力康.运动心理学论文集[C].心理出版社,1999.453-474
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