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脊柱结核细菌学研究及结核杆菌粘附能力的观察
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摘要
目的:
     1.探讨BACTEC MGIT 960快速培养系统、分子菌种鉴定技术、耐药基因PCR-SSCP分析在脊柱结核临床诊治中的应用价值,建立快速、敏感、特异、临床实用的脊柱结核细菌学检查方法。
     2.了解临床脊柱结核的耐药情况,探讨3HRSE(Z)/6-15HRE(Z)方案联合手术治疗对耐药脊柱结核的疗效。
     3.体外实验观察MTB对内植物材料的粘附情况,从细菌粘附角度出发探讨脊柱结核内固定术的安全性问题。
     方法:
     1.31例脊柱结核病灶分别应用BACTEC MGIT 960及L-J培养基培养。所得分离株行IS986基因扩增及16SrRNA PCR-SSCP分析进行菌种鉴定,并与常规方法对照。
     2.所得临床分离株行常规药敏试验,并对耐药基因rpsL、katG、rpoB行PCR-SSCP分析。应用3HRSE(Z)/6-15HRE(Z)方案联合手术对患者进行治疗,观察其疗效。
     3.以表皮葡萄球菌为对照,在细菌菌液中分别加入不同材料,采用扫描电镜观察MTB对不同材料(钛合金、不锈钢)、不同表面(光滑面、粗糙面)的粘附情况。
     结果:
     1.27例培养阳性。BACTEC MGIT 960系统、L-J培养法分支杆菌培养阳性率分别为83.87%、61.29%,两者平均报告时间分别为11.3天、26.7天。所得27株临床分离株IS986基因扩增阳性,16SrRNA SSCP泳动图谱与H_37R_v标准株相同,说明为MTB,与常规方法结果一致。
     2.27株临床分离株中18株存在不同程度耐药,总耐药率为66.67%。药物耐药率由高至低为SM10株(55.56%)、INH8株(44.44%)、RFP7株(38.89%)、PZA3株(16.67%)。耐SM株rpsL突变率为70%,
    
     耐wH株katG突变率为50%,耐yP株pOB突变率为刀.43%。高
     浓度水平耐药株耐药基因突变率明显高于低浓度水平耐药株。应用
     3HRSEp)历上 O)方案联合手术治疗患者均临床痊愈。
     3.MTB对两种材料的粘附均较表皮葡萄球菌少,材料粗糙表面所粘附
     的细菌量较光滑面多。
     结论:
     1.BACTEC MGIT 960培养系统与 IS986 PCR扩增、16SfllNA PCR
     SSCP分子菌种鉴定联合应用是临床脊柱结核病原菌分离培养、菌种
     鉴定的较好方法。
     2.本组脊柱结核患者耐药率达66石7%;常规药敏试验与耐药基因分析
     相结合更能准确的反应 MTB的耐药情况;3HRSEc)历l O)方
     案结合手术治疗是治疗中、重度脊柱结核的较好方案,手术治疗对
     存在耐药性的患者有较大帮助。
     3.MTB对内植物材料的低粘附性可能是临床脊柱结核内固定术安全性
     的原因之一。
Objective
    1. To evaluate the clinical value of BACTEC MGIT 960 and PCR amplification of IS986,PCR-SSCP analysis of 16SrRNA for recovery and identification of Mycobacteria in spinal tuberculosis.
    2. To investigate the drug-resistance rate of MTB in spinal tuberculosis and evaluate the clinical value of detecting rpsL,katG,rpoB gene mutation by PCR-SSCP. To evaluate the effect of chemotherapy[3H RSE(Z)/6-15HRE(Z)] combined with surgical treatment in the management of drug-resistant spinal tuberculosis.
    3. To study the adherence of MTB onto the surface of several implant materials and evaluate the risk of instrumentation surgery in spinal tuberculosis from the point of bacterial adhesion.
    Methods
    1. 31 specimens obtained from patients of spinal tuberculosis were cultured by BACTEC MGIT 960 and L-J medium.Mycobacterium species of the clinical isolates were identified by PCR amplification of IS986 and PCR-SSCP analysis of 16SrRNA.
    2. All the clinical isolates of MTB were examined for the susceptibility to clinical antituberculosis drugs and the rpsL,katG,rpoB gene of each clinical strains was analysis by PCR-SSCP.A11 the patients were managed by antituberculosis therapy[3HRSE(Z)/6-15HRE(Z)] combined with surgical treatment.
    3. Different material discs were individually placed in different bacterial suspensions.The adherences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus epidermidis onto the different surfaces(smooth,rough)of different material discs (titanium alloy,stainless steel) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) respectively.
    
    
    Results
    1. The recovery rates of BACTEC MGIT 960 and L-J medium were 83.87%,61.29% respectively.The average detection times of BACTEC MGIT 960 were 11.3 days,15.4 days earlier than that with the L-J medium(26.7 days). The genie identification of Mycobacterium species is rapid and accurate.The result is consistent with that of the tradition method.
    2. 18 MTB strains of 27 clinical isolates had resistance to one kind of the drugs.The drug resistant rate of SM,INH,RFP,PZA is 55.56%,44.44%,38.89%,16.67% and the mutation rate of rpsL,katG,rpoB in the drug resistant strains was 70%,50%,71.43% respectively.The gene mutation rate of the high concentration resistant strains is higher than that of the low concentration resistant strains. The chemotherapy combined with surgical treatment resulted in good outcome.
    3. The adherence of MTB onto the surface of two materials was very few than that of Staphylococcus epidermidis.The amount of adhesive bacteria on rough surface were more than that on smooth surface.
    Conclusion
    1. The application of BACTEC MGIT 960 system combined with the identification of the clinical isolates by molecular methods is an effective stragety for the bacteriological diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis.
    2. The traditional antituberculosis drug susceptibility test combined with the analysis of rpsL,katG,rpoB by PCR-SSCP was a useful method for detecting the drug susceptibility of MTB. Surgical therapy is beneficial for the treatment of drug resistant spinal tubercuculosis.
    3. The adherence properties of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to implant material was poor.This characteristics maybe one reason for performing instrumentation surgery in spinal tuberculosis safely.
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