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膜片式流体滤波器结构设计与实验研究
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摘要
液压系统中因压力脉动而引发的振动和噪声沿管路传播,严重影响系统工作性能,日益成为妨碍液压技术进步的重要因素之一。分析液压系统压力脉动特性,提出行之有效的脉动抑制方法,对控制液压系统压力脉动,提高系统可靠性及元件寿命,具有重要意义。
     本文以高压液压系统压力脉动为研究对象,围绕“压力脉动特性研究”、“流体滤波器设计与实验研究”等技术问题,主要进行如下研究:
     1.运用流体网络理论,以基本管道分布参数模型为基础,分析分支管路系统及树形拓扑结构管网建模方法,采用传递矩阵建立液压管网系统传递函数数学模型。应用MATLAB软件,研究液压振动测试实验台在泵源脉动输入信号激励下的压力脉动特性,并与实验结果进行对比。
     2.设计一种以结构振动方式消减压力脉动的膜片式流体滤波器。采用第四强度理论,对其主要受力部件进行应力分析。建立滤波器Pro/E三维模型,并应用ANSYS有限元分析软件,进行静力学分析。
     3.依托液压振动测试实验台,完成滤波器样机性能测试。对比分析柱塞泵不同转速下系统压力脉动特性,研究膜片式流体滤波器在终端封闭管路负载、终端封闭带并联容腔负载形式下衰减特性。
     4.提出辨识膜片式流体滤波器四端网络参数的实验建模方法,建立流体滤波器传递矩阵模型。
     研究表明:膜片式流体滤波器能够衰减液压系统中、低频压力脉动,且单一结构振动体具有明显的频率选择性。负载形式的变化对滤波器消声性能影响不明显,证明滤波器具有一定的自适应性。本文提出的实验建模方法,避免动态流量的测量,参数辨识过程简便,精度高,在液压元件实验建模中具有推广应用价值。
Causing the vibration and noise that spread along the pipelines, the pressurepulsation of hydraulic system seriously affects the system performance, whichincreasingly becomes one of the important factors to hinder the progress of hydraulictechnology. Thus,to analyze the features of pressure pulsation of the hydraulic systemand put forward effective ripple suppression methods, is of great significance tocontrol the hydraulic system pressure pulsation and improve system reliability.
     The aim of this paper is to explore high-pressure hydraulic system pressurepulsation including the study of such technical issues as pressure pulsationcharacteristics, design and the experimental study for a fluid filter. The main studiesare as follows:
     1. Based on fluid network theory, this paper analyses the principle of modelingbranch pipeline system and tree-topology of complex hydraulic system by use ofdistributed parameter model of basic channels as well as the transferring matrixmethod to establish the transfer model of hydraulic system. Meanwhile this paper willstudy the pressure pulsation characteristics of hydraulic vibration test bench aftertaking the flow-pulsation of the piston pump as the input signals under the help ofMATLAB and then make a contrast with experimental results.
     2. A fluid filters with membrane structure is designed in this paper. Using thefourth strength theory, this paper will conduct the stress analysis of the majorcomponents. The 3D model of fluid filter is established in Pro/E software and the staticstress analysis is completed by use of the ANSYS finite element analysis software.
     3. An experiment on the hydraulic vibration test bench is held to find out theattenuation performance of the fluid filter. This paper will compare pressure pulsationcharacteristics and attenuation performance with different rotational speed of pistonpump and load form.
     4. This paper gives a new identifying method for determining the parameters ofthe fluid filter and the four-pole transfer matrix model of a fluid filter that isestablished based on the method.
     After the above studies, this paper comes to the conclusion that; the fluid filtercan attenuate the intermediate and low frequency pressure pulsation in the hydraulicsystem, but system pulse energy will be effectively attenuated only when the inherentresonance frequency of filter structural vibration body is approached the hydraulic system frequency. The performance of filter is not obviously variated with the form of loadchanged which shows that the filter is self-adaptive to some degree. The identifyingmethod with high precision proposed in this paper which can avoid the measurement ofdynamic flow has application value in the experimental modeling of hydrauliccomponents.
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